The USB connector has been around since 1997. Then it was installed in computer motherboards. Now it has received widespread implementation: it is used in smartphones and players, printers and a bunch of other devices. More and more advanced versions of USB are coming out. The article will tell you how they differ from each other, as well as about the features of their pinout.

Types of USB connectors

Before moving on to the story of USB pinout by color, you should first understand the types of such an interface. First, they differ in size. Now the standard is in use, for example, for a computer, and micro is in mobile phones and peripheral devices. Mini is also found, but this type of connector is already outdated.
USB is also divided into 2 types:

• A - connects to the "mother" socket on the computer or;
• B - connects to the "dad" socket - on the peripheral device.

Now let's talk about the types and their differences.

1. v1 - a modified version of version 1.0, the use of which was decided to be discontinued due to numerous errors in the data transfer protocol. It had a low throughput rate compared to modern representatives.

Main parameters:

• Two modes that differ in the speed with which information is transmitted: 12 and 1.5 Mb / s.
• Cord with a maximum length of three meters - for slow information exchange, and 5 meters - for fast.
• The bus voltage is 5V (nominal), which made it possible to use plugs for charging smartphones, and the permissible load of devices connected to the connector is 0.5 A.

USB pinout by color

The pinout is indicated by certain colors - these are generally accepted standards that simplify the tasks associated with repairs. And in general, the color scheme makes it easier to understand which cable is responsible for what.
For the first and second versions of the USB interface, the designations and location are identical. Generation III has differences related to design and speed features. More details in the sections below.

USB 2.0 pinout

The following table schematically explains what the color pinout of this generation of ports looks like.

It is worth noting that types A and B have the same schemes. The only difference is that in A the arrangement is linear, while B differs in the arrangement from above and below, as in the table:

USB 3.0

In the 3rd branch (this cable belongs to this one) there are 9 connectors, sometimes 10. It all depends on the presence or absence of a shielding braid. Naturally, the number of contacts has also increased, but they are placed in a checkerboard pattern. This is for compatibility with older versions.

USB 3.0 pinout by color
Conclusion	Name	Wire color	Description
1	VCC	Red	+5V
2	D-	White	Data -
3	D+	Green	Data +
4	GND	Black	Earth
5	SS-TX	Blue	Super Speed ​​communication connectors
6	SS-TX+	Yellow
7	Ground or GND	-	additional ground for signal wires
8	SS RX-	Violet
9	SS RX+	Orange	to receive USB3 data (StdA_SSRX)

Problems when charging various devices via USB often arise when non-standard chargers are used. In this case, charging is rather slow and not completely or completely absent.

It should be said that charging via USB is not possible with all mobile devices. They have this port only for data transfer, and a separate round socket is used for charging.

The output current in computer USB is no more than half an ampere for USB 2.0, and for USB 3.0 - 0.9 A. For a number of devices, this may not be enough for a normal charge.

It happens that you have a charger at your disposal, but it does not charge your gadget (this may be indicated on the display or there will be no charge indication). Such a charger is not supported by your device, and this is probably due to the fact that a number of gadgets scan for the presence of a certain voltage on pins 2 and 3 before starting the charging process. For other devices, the presence of a jumper between these pins, as well as their potential, may be important.

Thus, if the device does not support the proposed type of charger, then the charging process will never start.

In order for the device to start charging from the charger provided to it, it is necessary to provide the necessary voltages on the 2nd and 3rd USB pins. For different devices, these voltages may also differ.

Many devices require that pins 2 and 3 have a jumper or resistance element that is rated no greater than 200 ohms. Such changes can be made in the USB_AF socket, which is located in your memory. Then it will be possible to charge with a standard Data-cable.

The Freelander Typhoon PD10 gadget requires the same connection scheme, but the charge voltage must be at the level of 5.3 V.

If the charger does not have a USB_AF socket, and the cord comes out directly from the charger case, then mini-USB or micro-USB plugs can be soldered to the cable. Connections must be made as shown in the following picture:

Various Apple products have this connection option:

Without a 200 kOhm resistance element on pins 4 and 5, Motorola devices cannot fully charge.

To charge the Samsung Galaxy, you need a jumper on pins 2 and 3, as well as a 200 kΩ resistor on pins 4 and 5.

It is recommended to fully charge the Samsung Galaxy Tab in a gentle mode using two resistors with a nominal value of 33 kOhm and 10 kOhm, as shown in the picture below:

A device such as E-ten can be charged by any charger, but only on condition that pins 4 and 5 are connected by a jumper.

Such a scheme is implemented in the USB-OTG cable. But in this case, you need to use an additional male-to-male USB adapter.

Ginzzu GR-4415U universal charger and other similar devices have sockets with different connection of resistors for charging iPhone/Apple and Samsung/HTC devices. The pinout of these ports looks like this:

To charge your Garmin navigator, you need the same cable with a jumper on pins 4 and 5. But in this case, the device cannot be charged during operation. In order for the navigator to be recharged, it is necessary to replace the jumper with a resistor with a nominal value of 18 kOhm.

Tablets usually need 1-1.5A to charge, but as mentioned earlier, USB ports will not be able to properly charge them, since USB 3.0 will output a maximum of 900mA.

Some models of charging tablets have a round coaxial socket. The positive pin of the mini-USB / micro-USB socket in this case is not connected to the battery charge controller. According to some users of such tablets, if you connect the plus from the USB jack to the plus of the coaxial jack with a jumper, then charging can be done via USB.

And you can also make an adapter for connecting to a coaxial jack, as shown in the figure below:

Here are the jumper diagrams with voltage and resistor values:

As a result, in order to charge various gadgets from non-native chargers, you need to make sure that the charging outputs a voltage of 5 V and a current of at least 500 mA, and make changes to the USB socket or plug according to the requirements of your device.

Convenient storage of radio components

The USB interface is widely used in modern electronic devices. Almost all mobile devices have a micro or mini USB connector. If the connector has stopped working, then to repair it, you need to know the micro-USB pinout. The situation is complicated by the fact that many gadget manufacturers wire contacts in their own way. Having studied the possible pinout options, you can deal with the problem.

Purpose and types

The USB connector has a good set of features. With it, you can not only transfer large amounts of information at high speed, but also provide the device with power. The new interface quickly replaced old ports on computers, such as PS / 2. Now all peripherals are connected to the PC using USB ports.

To date, 3 versions of the USB connector have been created:

Pinout Features

When talking about the pinout of the USB connector, you need to understand the notation indicated on the diagrams. You should start with the type of connector - active (type A) or passive (type B). Using the active connector, it is possible to exchange information in two directions, and the passive one allows only receiving it. Two forms of connector should also be distinguished:

• F - "mother".
• M - "dad".

In this matter, everything should be clear and without explanation.

USB connector

First, a few words need to be said about the compatibility of the three versions of the interface. Standards 1.1 and 2.0 are completely similar in design and differ only in the speed of information transfer. If one of the parties in the connection has an older version, then the work will be carried out at a low speed. The OS will then display the following message:"This device is capable of running faster."

With compatibility 3.0 and 2.0, things are somewhat more complicated. A device or cable of the second version can be connected to the new connector, and only active type A connectors are backward compatible. It should be noted that the USB interface allows you to supply a voltage of 5 V to the connected gadget at a current strength of not more than 0.5 A. For the USB 2.0 standard, the color breakdown from left to right is as follows:

• Red is a 5V DC positive contact.
• White - data-.
• Green - data+.
• Black - common wire or "ground".

The connector scheme is quite simple, and if necessary, it will not be difficult to repair it. Since the number of contacts has increased in version 3.0, its pinout is different from the previous standard. Thus, the color scheme of contacts looks like this:

Micro and mini connectors

Connectors of this form factor have five contacts, one of which is not always used. The green, black, red, and white conductors perform similar functions to USB 2.0. The mini-USB pinout matches the micro-USB pinout. In type A connectors, the purple conductor is shorted to black, and in passive it is not used.

These connectors appeared due to the entry into the market of a large number of devices of small dimensions. Since they are similar in appearance, users often have doubts about whether the connector belongs to a particular form factor. In addition to some difference in dimensions, the micro-USB has latches on the back side.

The miniaturization of the connector had a negative impact on reliability. Although mini-USB has a large resource, after a fairly short time period, it begins to hang out, but at the same time it does not fall out of the nest. Micro-USB is a modified version of mini-USB. Thanks to the improved fastening, it turned out to be more reliable. Since 2011, this connector has become the standard for charging all mobile devices.

However, manufacturers are making some changes to the scheme. So, the pinout of the micro-USB connector for charging the iPhone involves two changes compared to the standard. In these devices, the red and white wires are connected to black through a resistance of 50 kOhm, and to white - 75 kOhm. There are also differences from the standard for Samsung Galaxy smartphones. In it, the white and green conductors are closed, and the 5th contact is connected to the 4th using a resistor with a nominal value of 200 kOhm.

Knowing the pinout of various types of USB connectors, you can find and fix the problem. Most often, this is required in a situation where the “native” charger has failed, but the user has a power supply from a smartphone from another manufacturer.

Connects via Universal Serial Bus. Therefore, the USB pinout on the motherboard plays a very important role in the operation of a modern computer. There are two ways to install these connectors. The first is mounting directly on the board. At the same time, it is displayed on the back side and is immediately ready for work. But it is not always convenient to connect to it - and therefore they developed another way. Its essence lies in the prepared seat on the main PC board, to which the wires from the front panel are connected. And there is a plug on it.

One universal USB 2.0 standard includes 4 pins. The first of them is designated "+ 5V". It provides power to the peripheral device. The second and third are the contacts through which information is transmitted. They are designated respectively "DATA-" (minus data transfer) and "DATA +" (plus the last, 4th, which is included on the motherboard, this is "GND" - ground supply. In accordance with the standards adopted today, they are designated as follows colors: power is red, "DATA-" is white, "DATA+" is green, and "GND" is black.

Such interface connections are made in pairs, so there are 2 USB standard connectors on the board on one contact group at once. The desoldering consists of 9 pins: 4 - to one connector, 4 - to the other, and the last two play the role of the so-called key. A pin is installed in one place, and not in the other. This is done so that it is impossible to confuse them and to correctly connect. The fitting from the front panel is made in a similar way. Therefore, when connecting the first to the second should be installed without problems. If this does not happen, then you need to see if you are doing everything right.

Recently, the 3rd version of the USB standard has become increasingly popular. The pinout on the motherboard is significantly different, since much more wires are used to transfer information. There are only 9 of them in this design. In addition to the previously given 4, 2 pairs of "Superspeed" + and 2 pairs of the same type, but only with a minus, are added, as well as "GND Drain" - an additional land. It is a larger number of wires that allows you to increase the wires, respectively, they are indicated by color blue, purple - minus, yellow, orange - plus, and one more black - additional grounding. As the number of wires increases, the USB pinout on the motherboard increases in direct proportion. For such a standard, 19 contacts are already used. One of them is a key, and its purpose is to ensure that the connection is correct.

With the help of the universal serial bus, a great variety of different devices are connected to modern computers and laptops. A printer, scanner, MFP, flash drives, keyboard, mouse and other devices that greatly expand the capabilities of a PC - all this is connected to a computer using just such an interface. It is not always convenient to connect to the back of the computer, and the number of integrated connectors may not be enough. It is to solve this problem that the USB pinout on the motherboard was made, which allows you to significantly increase the number of ports.

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Universal Serial Bus or USB for short

Universal Serial Bus or USB for short is actively used in modern digital computer technology. The current USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 versions are in use. The USB 2.0 version is forward and backward compatible with USB 1.1. In other words, devices with USB 2.0 work successfully with computers equipped with USB 1.1 and vice versa. All USB 1.1 and USB 2.0 cables and connectors are the same.

USB

USB(short for the English term Universal Serial Bus - “universal serial bus”, pronounced “u-s-bi”) - a serial data interface for low-speed and medium-speed peripherals in digital computer technology.

Universal Serial Bus (USB) - "universal serial bus" has its own special designation, i.e. its own special graphic symbol.

USB symbol

USB is symbolized by four geometric shapes: a large circle, a small circle, a triangle, and a square, located at the ends of a tree block diagram. The USB symbol can be applied to equipment cases, connectors, and devices.

USB 2.0 differs from USB 1.1 by introducing Hi-speed mode. USB 2.0 High Speed ​​has its own logo.

USB 2.0 High Speed ​​logo printed on Card Reader

Fig.1. An example of a USB cable. The USB symbols on the connectors are clearly visible.

To connect peripheral devices to the USB bus, a special four-core cable is used, while two cores (twisted pair) in the differential connection are used for data exchange, and the other two are used to power the peripheral device, see Fig.2.

Fig.2. USB cable with the marking of the main parameters

USB allows you to connect peripheral devices without their own power supply (the maximum current consumed by the device through the USB bus power lines should not exceed 500 mA), see Fig.3.

Fig.3. USB has its own power lines, this allows you to connect peripherals
devices without their own source e.g. external hard drive

One USB bus controller allows you to connect up to 127 devices in a star topology, including hubs. One USB bus can have up to 127 devices and up to 5 levels of cascading hubs, not counting the root.

Due to its versatility, USB is gradually replacing ports such as COM and LPT. Fortunately, manufacturers of printers and scanners provide for the operation of their devices with USB and provide them with the appropriate connectors. In addition, new non-traditional USB devices such as compact MP3 players are emerging. Connecting to USB allows you not only to copy music files to such players, but also charges the battery built into them, which ensures autonomous operation of the player.

USB cable

The USB cable is four-wire braided, it consists of 4 copper conductors - 2 power conductors and 2 conductors for data transmission in the form of a twisted pair, plus a grounded braid (screen) see Fig.4.

Fig.4. USB cable. The different connectors at the ends of the cable are clearly visible.
This is because USB cables are oriented

USB cables are oriented, for this USB cables are supplied with different connectors for connecting "to the device" and "to the host". It is possible to implement a USB device without a cable, with a tip "to the host" built into the case. An example of such a device would be a flash memory stick or a USB modem. It is also possible to permanently embed the cable into the device, an example is a computer mouse, see Fig.5. (the standard forbids this for full and high speed devices, but manufacturers violate it). There are (although prohibited by the standard) passive USB extenders that have “from the host” and “to the host” connectors.

Fig.5. Non-detachable embedding of the USB cable into the device.
Example, a computer mouse has a built-in USB cable

USB 1.1 and USB 2.0. Connectors, cables and wiring

USB connectors wiring diagram (cable and device)

USB connectors wiring diagram (cable and device)

USB signals are transmitted over two wires (twisted pair) of a shielded four-wire cable.

VBUS - voltage +5 Volts of the power circuit, GND - contact for connecting the "case" of the power circuit. The maximum current consumed by the device through the power lines of the USB bus must not exceed 500 mA. Data is transferred via the D- and D+ pins of the USB connector. The differential mode of data transfer is the main one for USB.

The USB 2.0 standard cable is shielded for higher data transfer rates. It is also four-core, but braided, consists of 4 copper conductors in colored insulation. Two wires for power and 2 wires for data transmission in the form of a twisted pair. The wires are placed in a grounded braid (shield).

USB cable connectors

The USB cable uses special USB connectors. The USB cable is directional, so the USB connectors have different configurations for proper connection. There are two types of USB connectors: Type A (see Fig.7 and Fig.8) and Type B (see Fig.9, Fig.10 and Fig.11).

Fig.7. Regular USB cable connector Type A

In accordance with the USB 1.0 specification, Type A connectors are used to connect "to the host" i.e. installed on the side of the USB controller or hub.

Fig.8. "Branded" connector USB cable Type A (with the name of the manufacturer)

According to the USB 1.0 specification, Type B connectors are used to connect "to the device" i.e. for connecting peripheral devices.

Fig.9. Standard USB cable connector Type B. This connector is suitable, for example,
to connect a printer

Fig.10. Regular USB mini cable connector Type B

Fig.11. Micro USB cable connector Type B.
In the figure, below the USB symbol, the designation Type B is clearly visible.

On Fig.12. and Fig.13. USB cables shown. These USB cables are equipped with a regular Type A USB cable connector and a Type B USB mini cable connector.

Fig.12. USB cables are equipped with a conventional USB cable connector

B

Fig.13. USB cables are equipped with a conventional USB cable connector
Type A (pictured left) and USB mini cable connector
Type B (shown on the right). Type B is designated as b

Fig.14. USB cable equipped with a miniature connector called micro USB

USB supports hot (power on) plugging and unplugging devices. This is achieved by increasing the length of the grounding contact of the connector in relation to the signal contacts, see Fig.15. When connecting the USB connector, the ground contacts are closed first, the potentials of the cases of the two devices are equalized, and further connection of the signal conductors does not lead to overvoltages, even if the devices are powered by different phases of the three-phase power network.

Fig.15. Ground contact length

The length of the grounding contact (in the figure, pin 4 GND at the top) of the connector is increased in relation to the signal (in the figure, pin 3 D+ at the bottom) contacts. The top contact is longer than the bottom. This allows you to connect and disconnect devices without turning off the power (the so-called "hot" connection and disconnection)

Mating parts of USB connectors are located on peripheral devices connected via USB, see Fig.16. and Fig.17.

Fig.16. Connector for connecting the USB cable connector. The USB symbol is clearly visible

Fig.17. Connector for USB cable connector mini Type B

Fig.18. Size comparison of USB connectors.

Regular USB cable connector Type A (left picture), USB mini cable connector Type B (center picture) and USB micro cable Type B (right picture). Type B is designated as B