Alexander Busygin Stakhanov movement. Climbing to the record

Tsirulnikov, Blacksmith Busygin and others: [to the 80th anniversary of the Gorky Automobile Plant] / A. Tsirulnikov // Nizhny Novgorod worker №2 Feb. (No. 15). - P. 9

Blacksmith Busygin and others

To the 80th anniversary of the Gorky Automobile Plant

2012 is the 80th anniversary of the Gorky Automobile Plant. Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin, who forged his working fame in the workshop of heavy steam hammers in the mid-1930s, was among its pioneers and the first production shock workers.

Gave the heat to the americans

Alexander Kharitonovich laughs:

And what is there to remember? To remember, you have to forget, but they won't let me forget: soon it will be half a century, as I am telling about it ... I came to the construction of the Automobile Plant from the Vetluga forests. He was young, strong and dense, like a bear. We built the plant and built ourselves together with it. We really wanted to start making our own domestic cars as soon as possible. So they were in a hurry: "We will give a plant in seventeen months to the republic!" And they gave it. And who will work on it? Who has experience in making cars? They came from the construction site and began to study. Blacksmiths were needed. I went to the blacksmiths. I had to stand one shift on three hammers. On one, he forged the hub, on the other - a crown, and after three hours of work he switched to the crankshaft. And in the summer it turned out that I was left alone for the whole smithy: someone quit, someone got sick, someone was on vacation. The shafts were urgently needed. I gave 400 shafts for a change. And the senior foreman Alexander Matveyevich Lapin says: “If only 25 shafts, and you would have made the norm, which is given for mastering production ...” And my assistant and I forged 600 the next day. Lapin figured it out and said: “Give, Sasha, another 25 shafts, and this will be the American design technical standard. They don't do any more ... "

On the third day we recaptured 901 shaft. Lapin comes up, looks at the press, and there is a counter. I told him: "Matveich, how much and where else is not enough?" And he laughs: "Well, to hell with you, bear!" He waved his hand and ran. And then it went - 1001 shaft, 1010 and more, more ...

I was invited to Moscow to a meeting of drummers. Stalin and Sergei Ordzhonikidze began to ask: what prevents even better work? I say: the stove does not heat ... I came home, I looked, but there was no stove, everything was dismantled: reconstruction! A week later, the oven was turned on - thirty-six meters long, thirty-six nozzles instead of twelve. This stove was so hot! The old furnace had an American calculation: you will work faster, the metal goes cold. I put twenty-two blows on the shaft. My shafts are lighter than yours, but you need nine blows, and I - twenty-two. So there is still need to calculate which of us is faster controlled. When the oven was rebuilt, then I began to work in nine strokes. This technology has survived to this day. And as in nine blows the matter went, so a real fight began between us and the blacksmith Faustov. Both were young, no one wanted to give in. Oh, and I would work with you guys - on your furnace, on your hammer and on your shafts! To put an end to all conversations at once, for whom it is harder and for whom it was easier and is! Yes, every vegetable has its time, the strength is not the same ... And for your record - thanks! ..

CONGRATULATIONS ON A PAIR WITH CHKALOV

Once Alexander Kharitonovich had a chance to meet with Valery Pavlovich Chkalov.

In the 1930s, regular television programs began in Moscow. Of course, technically it was all very primitive, but nevertheless, Gorky residents could see the programs from the Moscow studio. No one had TVs at home yet, and in some places in public places they worked, although they were not much like modern image and sound receivers.

In the Palace of Culture named after, in the Kanavinsky district, hundreds of townspeople took turns approaching the video device and, looking through its peephole, watched the broadcast from the capital on the screen. And in the studio, in Moscow, at that time there were famous compatriots - the pilot Valery Pavlovich Chkalov and the blacksmith of the automobile plant Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin.

I had the opportunity to ask Busygin himself about that TV show. He recalled that it took place immediately after the flight of Chkalov and his crew from Moscow to the island of Udd. And three Heroes of the Soviet Union on a July day in 1936 were invited to television, Busygin had to congratulate Chkalov and his comrades Baidukov and Belyakov on behalf of the working class of the city of Gorky. Alexander Kharitonovich, laughing, told how all the participants of the program in the dressing room covered their faces with white paint, and smeared their lips with green lipstick, while their eyes were thickly blackened.

All of us were not timid people, but after we underwent such a procedure, we felt far from at ease, - Busygin recalled. - Quiet and shy. And they began to joke when the program was over and it was necessary to wash off all this makeup from my face ...

The thing is that television cameras at that time worked on photocells and were often "capricious": they distorted the color, and did not perceive a different shade at all. For example, they were completely insensitive to red color. That is why all the speakers were subjected to such severe makeup: it was necessary to "remove" from the face everything red or similar to red. I had to make up both clothes and objects that had to be shown, otherwise there were often cases when the cameras “did not take” their color and they just disappeared on the screen. It happened that a person's head appeared, it was seen how he gestured with his hands, but there was nothing else. Everything else seemed to dissolve. It should be borne in mind that all this make-up served in order to get a black and white picture on the screen, there was no talk of any color image yet ...

FIRST HALF

In front of the main entrance of the Gorky Automobile Plant, in a small park, there is a truck on a pedestal. On the plate, instead of a number, there is a figure: 1932, and on the pedestal the name of the car is stamped - GAZ-AA.

In January 2012, the automobile plant in Nizhny Novgorod celebrated its 80th anniversary. He began work on the first day of 1932. The city was then called, as it is now, Nizhny Novgorod, respectively, the plant was Nizhny Novgorod, the abbreviated name was NAZ, and the first cars were called NAZs, Naziks. And only in October 1932, when the city became Gorky, the cars became "GAZ", "GAZ".

On January 29, 1932, at 19 hours 15 minutes, a historic event took place, about which the newspapers reported as follows: “A solemn moment has come. The conveyor was turned on, the first frame of the truck floated on it, then the engine and the cab ... Since the supplier had not yet received sheet steel, the cab was made of plywood ... To applause and shouts of "hurray", to the sounds of a factory siren, the first one and a half ton truck descended NAZ-AA ".

On January 31st, the 25th such machine was manufactured. The next day, a lorry and a half appeared on the streets for the first time. They drove from the car plant to the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, so that the delegates of the 3rd regional party conference looked at them. Dozens of cars, crushing the snow, moved in a column from the Main checkpoint through the whole city. People on the sidewalks and sidewalks stopped and waved their hands, boys ran in a crowd after the cars, old women crossed themselves ... Many saw the cars for the first time. In the Kremlin, the party conference delegates were informed about the arrival of the "Naziks", and there was a standing ovation in the hall. Everyone hurried out into the street and surrounded each car in groups. Drivers and designers gave explanations and answered numerous questions. The interest and joy of the people were understandable: there are the first automobile factory trucks, which the construction sites of socialism, factories and collective farms so needed!

On the same day, another batch of cars on platforms by rail was sent to Moscow - to the 17th party conference of the CPSU (b), so that they could be examined by its delegates. It was an event of all-Union significance, the country welcomed the birth of the first domestic trucks intended for mass production. Perhaps not a single new car was then greeted with such nationwide cordiality as these "Nazik" trucks ...

In July 1932, the lorry and a half passed a serious exam: in a test run they successfully covered the distance of 3200 kilometers along the route Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow - Pskov - Vitebsk - Smolensk - Novgorod - Moscow - Pskov - Vitebsk - Smolensk - Nizhny Novgorod and returned in good condition, having won the glory of benign and reliable machines.

Ahead of these machines was a big, complex and wonderful life, roads of new buildings and off-road war, harvesting on collective and state farm fields.

Alexander TSIRULNIKOV, novosti @ *****

Photo by Neeson KAPELUSHA.

Ukrainian miner Aleksey Stakhanov on August 31, 1935 became a celebrity of the Soviet country - first, a production press, and then "big" newspapers wrote about his labor feat: he mined 102 tons of coal in one shift, exceeding the usual rate by 14 times. The leader of the country, Joseph Stalin, ordered the opening of the Stakhanov movement, and invited the initiator to Moscow "for the post." Alexey Stakhanov was awarded two Orders of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and medals.

The Stakhanov movement was called a mass phenomenon when the innovators of production achieved records, they were workers, collective farmers, engineers and technical workers. However, the dates show that the phenomenon began somewhat earlier. For example, the innovative record-breaking miner Izotov became famous in 1932, there were even Izotov schools for advanced training of miners. In the summer of 1935, a movement of Krivonosovites was formed on the railway transport. But the name of Alexei Stakhanov thundered at the November All-Union meeting, about whom Stalin was informed ahead of time, and he praised the idea.

Alexey Grigorievich Stakhanov was born on January 3, 1906 in the village of Lugovoy, Eletsky district, Oryol province (now it is Izmalkovsky district of Lipetsk region) into a poor peasant family. So, in his youth, he had a chance to spend some money, to take care of the village herd. And in a rural school, he graduated from only three classes. In 1927, Aleksey began working as a horse driver at the Tsentralnaya-Irmino mine in Kadievka, Luhansk region, in the Donbass. And then - a woodcutter, a miner.

The production technology was ineffective when all operations were performed by one miner - after working for 1-2 hours, he put the hammer aside and fixed the faces. The equipment was idle at that time, and the compressor drove the air idle. Stakhanov changed the technology, two borers worked with him, and the efficiency increased dramatically. This was demonstrated on the eve of International Youth Day on 1 September.

On August 30, 1935, at 10 o'clock in the evening, the head of the site Mashurov, the party organizer of the mine Petrov and the editor of the mine circulation Mikhailov went down with him. In 5 hours and 45 minutes, Alexei's brigade chopped 102 tons, fulfilling 14 norms. After 10 days, Stakhanov chopped 175 tons of coal per shift, and later reached 324 tons per shift. The popularity of the new initiative gained national appreciation and widespread distribution.

In 1937, Alexey entered the Industrial Academy, from which he graduated in 1941, becoming a mining engineer. During the war, he worked in Karaganda as the head of a mine, and since 1943 he became the head of the sector for generalizing the experience of innovators and foremost workers in the Ministry of the Coal Industry of the USSR. In 1970, Stakhanov was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

In 1957, at the behest of the country's new leader Nikita Khrushchev, Stakhanov returned to Donbass, to the city of Torez, where he worked in low positions in the coal industry. In 1974, he retired, on November 5, 1977, he died in the clinic from cardiovascular failure, allegedly due to long-term problems with alcohol. Although his daughter Violetta presents a different version: he slipped, fell, hit his temple in the clinic.

The Stakhanov movement developed powerfully in the USSR and became almost an obligation. There are statistical figures according to which up to 25% of the working people have joined this movement. However, the history has preserved not so many names of heroes, mainly, these are the pioneers of the movement. Here are the results they achieved in setting production records.

1. Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin, blacksmith of the Gorky Automobile Plant, Hero of Socialist Labor. In 1931, he came to the construction of the Gorky Automobile Plant, and when it was built, Alexander very quickly mastered the specialty of a blacksmith and was able to develop the methods of this production. He achieved a significant increase in labor productivity due to preliminary preparation of the workplace, improvement of machine tools and tools, optimization of methods of heating and metal stamping. Busygin's brigade set a record in September 1935, forging 966 crankshafts per shift, then 1001 crankshafts at a rate of 675 pieces. Then he broke his record with 1,146 shafts. For some time the all-Union movement of innovators was called Stakhanov-Busygin. The fame of the Soviet blacksmith reached the American "Ford", Busygin was invited there for a decent salary, he, of course, refused.

2. Kuban tractor driver Konstantin Borin beat record after record. From 1935 to 1950, he was a combine operator of the Steingartovskaya MTS of the Krasnodar Territory. During the 1935 season, he harvested 780 hectares with the Kommunar combine at a rate of 160 hectares, the next year - 2040 hectares, in 1937 - 3240 hectares. In 1948, Borin and his brigade threshed 42,300 centners of grain in two S-6 combines. The general statistics of his labor exploits are as follows: for 15 years of work in the Steingartovskaya MTS, he fulfilled 89 seasonal norms and threshed more than 480,000 centners of grain. Borin was the first to use night harvesting with a combine, loading the bunker and refueling the engine on the go.

3. Makar Mazay, steelmaker of the Mariupol Metallurgical Plant named after Ilyich, an innovative worker. He proposed deepening the open-hearth furnace bath and at the same time raising the height of the open-hearth vault - so much more material for processing began to be placed in the furnace. In October 1936, Makar Mazai set a record for the removal of steel from a square meter of the furnace hearth - 15 tons in 6 hours and 30 minutes. His working methods were adopted by all metallurgists.

4. Ivan Gudov, milling worker. In August 1934, he entered the Moscow Ordzhonikidze Machine-Tool Plant as a laborer, and there he graduated with honors from a six-month production and technical course for milling operators. Since March 1935, Ivan began to work at the German milling machine "Fritz Werner", meticulously analyzing the technological process. As a result, he found a solution to increase the number of manufactured parts by 3-4 times without losing their quality. He processed parts simultaneously with two milling cutters, increasing the speed of feeding and cutting metal. With a rate of 43 parts per shift, he produced 117 parts, that is, 410%.

5. Weaver Dusya Vinogradova- a symbol of the new Soviet man. Together with their replacement, Marusya Vinogradova, in May 1935, they set an all-Union record - they began to service 70 automatic machines instead of 16. On October 1, 1935, for the first time in the practice of the world textile industry, they were able to operate simultaneously with a hundred machines, later they switched to 240. In the textile industry, movement received wide response from female workers.

6. Railwayman Peter Krivonos... In 1929, after graduating from FZU, he came to the locomotive depot of Slavyansk on the Donetsk Railway. When he became a machinist, he was the first, when driving freight trains, to increase the forcing of the boiler of a steam locomotive, and the technical speed doubled, to 46-47 km / h - this is a significant indicator. His followers, Krivonosovtsy, appeared on the railroad.

7. Train dispatcher Claudia Koroleva, laureate of the Stalin Prize of the third degree. In 1947, she organized work on a tight schedule of locomotive turnover in railway transport. And in 1951, Koroleva came up with the idea of passing heavy freight trains on a regular schedule. And this method has found wide application on the railway network of the USSR.

8. Shoe upholster Nikolay Smetanin worked at the Leningrad factory "Skorokhod". He got down to business smartly and met his production target by 200%. To achieve this result, Nikolai worked out every movement to the smallest detail. Bottom line - on September 21, 1935, he worked 1400 pairs of shoes, by the way, it was a world record, the Soviet shoemaker overtook the famous Czechoslovak company "Bati". On October 6, Nikolai won even more - 1,860 pairs.

9. Brigadier of the female tractor brigade Pasha Angelina... Twice Hero of Socialist Labor, a symbol of a technically educated Soviet worker, her team far exceeded the plan. Angelina is famous for her slogan "One hundred thousand friends - to the tractor!"

10. Drilling worker Bilyal Ikhlasov from 1932 he worked at the mine of the Ridder Polymetallic Combine. On September 29, 1935, he not only set an all-Union record for ore mining, but fulfilled the task by as much as 485%! This inspired the miners, since 1937 Ikhlasov was appointed an instructor in the implementation of advanced methods and techniques of labor - to teach him the methods of his comrades.

Born on May 28 (June 10), 1907 in the village of Kolevatovskoye, Kostroma province, into a peasant family. Russian. After graduating from elementary school, he worked on a collective farm.

In 1931 he came to the construction of the Gorky Automobile Plant. After the completion of construction, he went to work in a smithy, in the shortest possible time he mastered the skill of blacksmithing and became a highly qualified specialist, the initiator of fundamentally new methods aimed at increasing labor productivity. An increase in labor productivity was achieved through preliminary preparation of the workplace, improvement of machine tools and tools, optimization of methods for heating and stamping metal, and strengthening labor discipline.

In September 1935, the brigade led by Busygin set a record by forging 966 per shift, then 1001 crankshafts at a rate of 675 (subsequently bringing the output to 1146 shafts). For record labor productivity, Alexander Busygin was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Even the All-Union movement of innovators for some time bore the name Stakhanov-Busyginsky... The fame of the miraculous blacksmith reached America. American representatives handed him an invitation from Ford to a plant in Detroit, promising to pay in gold, to which Busygin replied:

"Tell Ford that the Motherland is more precious to us than gold."

In 1935, Busygin participated in the All-Union meeting of the Stakhanovites, was delegated to the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b), later twice became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (deputy of the Council of the Union from the Gorky region - 1st convocation, 1937-1946; 2nd convocation, 1946- 1950). Graduated from the Industrial Academy in Moscow. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1938.

The whole life of A.Kh.Busygin was inextricably linked with the Gorky Automobile Plant: he worked as the head of the frame shop, the head of the forge shop, the head of the blacksmith shop, and the head of the mechanical repair section. For shock work he was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star and many medals.

The last years of his life A. Kh. Busygin devoted to social activities and the education of young workers. Personal pensioner of federal significance.

External images
Veteran of the Gorky Automobile Plant Busygin

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in September 22, 1975, for his great services in the development of mass socialist competition, the achievement of high productivity of the workload, many years of work on the introduction of advanced methods of work in the automotive industry and in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Stakhanov movement, Busygin Alexander Kharitonovich was awarded the title “ Hero of Socialist Labor "with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

The title of "Honorary Citizen of the City of Gorky" A. Kh. Busygin was awarded by the decision of the Gorky City Council of Working People's Deputies of June 17, 1976.

Born on June 10, 1907 in the village of Kolevatovskaya (now the Vetluzhsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region) in a peasant family. Russian. After graduating from elementary school, he worked on a collective farm.

In 1931 he came to the construction of the Gorky Automobile Plant. After the completion of construction, he went to work in a smithy. He quickly mastered the skill of blacksmithing, became the initiator of fundamentally new methods of work to increase labor productivity.

The fame of the miraculous blacksmith reached America. American representatives handed him an invitation from Ford to a plant in Detroit, promising to pay in gold, to which Busygin replied: "Tell Ford that the Motherland is more precious to us than gold."

Graduated from the Industrial Academy in Moscow. The whole life of A. Kh. Busygin was inextricably linked with GAZ. He worked as the head of the frame shop, the head of the forging shop section, the head of the forging shop, and the head of the mechanical repair section. For shock work he was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star and many medals. Busygin has devoted his last years to social activities and the education of young workers.

By the decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces on September 22, 1975, Alexander Busygin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for his great services in the development of mass socialist competition, the achievement of high labor productivity, long-term work on the introduction of advanced methods of work in the automotive industry and in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Stakhanov movement. ... The title of "Honorary Citizen of the City of Gorky" A. Kh. Busygin was awarded by the decision of the Gorky City Council of Working People's Deputies of June 17, 1976.

The name of A. Kh. Busygin was assigned to one of the avenues of the Avtozavodsky district of Gorky, as well as to a street in the city of Novosibirsk. A memorial plaque is installed on the house where he lived. In connection with the celebration of the 75th anniversary of the Gorky Automobile Plant, on February 28, 2007 on Oktyabrya Avenue, near the House of Veterans of GAZ, a grand opening of the monument to A.Kh. Busygin took place.

Climbing the record - Nizhny Novgorod financial and credit portal
The grand opening of the monument to Busygin took place in N. Novgorod - Site "NTA - Volga Region"
Rylovnikov V. Kuznets was cast in bronze - The website of the newspaper "Nizhegorodskaya Pravda"

Additional materials:

Busygina D. S. Mayaki: [the great-granddaughter of A. Kh. Busygin's cousin tells about an old photo]

Literature:

Avtozavodtsy go to great deeds: [about the founders of the Stakhanov movement at GAZ, including A.Kh. Busygin] // Gorky Automobile: an essay on the history of the plant / ed. P. Aleshina, S. Golikov, A. Gulyaev [and others]. - M.: Profizdat, 1964 .-- S. 72-84
[Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin] // Gorky Automobile. - M .: Mysl, 1981 .-- S. 41-44
Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin (1907-1985) / City Duma // Honorary Citizens of Nizhny Novgorod. - N. Novgorod, 1998. - S. 28-29
Alekseev V. Life position // Honorary citizens of the city of Gorky: essays-portraits. - Gorky: Volgo-Vyatka book. publishing house, 1987 .-- S. 65-78
Busygin, A.Kh. Accomplishments / Busygin Alexander Kharitonovich: [lit. entry by E.N. Mikulina]. - M.: Profizdat, 1972 .-- 191, p. - (Stories about the heroes of labor).
Kiryanov A.I. [Busygin Alexander Kharitonovich] // In the eternal search for perfection. From the history of inventive and rationalization activities of the Gorky Automobile Plant / A.I. Kiryanov [and others]. - N. Novgorod, 2001 .-- p. 29-30
Innovators: collection / [comp. L. Rogachevskaya]. - M.: Mol. Guard, 1972 .-- 415, p. : ill. - (Life of remarkable people: ZhZL: ser. Biogr.: Founded in 1933 by M. Gorky; issue 12 (519))
Pogorskaya, T. "We are blacksmiths": [about the presentation of a book telling about the work of the blacksmith production of GAZ from 1929 to 2007] / T. Pogorskaya // Avtozavodets. - 2008 .-- Sep 16. (No. 137). - S. 2. - ph.
The path to the record / comp. G.A. Kuzmin. - Gorky: Volgo-Vyatka book. publishing house, 1988 .-- 207 p. - (People of Labor Valor)
Svetloyar: [collection] / [comp. V. Shamshurin]. - M.: Sovremennik, 1988 .-- 472 p. - In the book. See also: Memorable dates: p. 451-466
At the origins of the Stakhanov movement. Alexander Busygin // Thrice-decorated Gorky Automobile Plant named after Molotov: collection / ed. M.A. Kamchatov. - Gorky, 1947. - P.42-46

Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin(May 28, 1907 - February 19, 1985) - blacksmith of the Gorky Automobile Plant, the initiator of the Stakhanov movement in mechanical engineering. Hero of Socialist Labor (1975).

Born on May 28 (June 10), 1907 in the village of Kolevatovskoye, Kostroma province, into a peasant family. Russian. After graduating from elementary school, he worked on a collective farm.

Even the All-Union movement had a name for some time Stakhanov-Busyginsky... The fame of the miraculous blacksmith reached America. American representatives handed him an invitation from Ford to a plant in Detroit, promising to pay in gold, to which Busygin replied:

"Tell Ford that the Motherland is more precious to us than gold."

The last years of his life A. Kh. Busygin devoted to social activities and the education of young workers. Personal pensioner of federal significance.

The title of "Honorary Citizen of the City of Gorky" A. Kh. Busygin was awarded by the decision of the Gorky City Council of Working People's Deputies of June 17, 1976.