Where is it located on the keyboard. All keyboard functions

Not every user knows what all the keys on a PC keyboard are for. But among them there are many necessary and not used buttons. To learn how to use them more efficiently, you should know the purpose of the keyboard keys and be able to use them at the right time.

Having started using a computer for the first time, a novice user does not think about what additional keys are for, and then completely forgets about them, using only those that allow typing. But additional buttons and their combinations can save time and, in some cases, money.

All keys are divided into 7 groups, each of which allows you to speed up the work on the computer and make the process more efficient. Thanks to the use of additional buttons, the user quickly types text, writes a report, or simply switches between windows.

Depending on the functions, the keys are divided into groups:

1. Function keys (F1-F12) are designed to perform special tasks and, when pressed again, cancel the called action. For example, F1 is pressed to bring up the help of the program whose window is active at the time of pressing. In games, the key performs the function that is assigned to it in the settings.

2. Alphanumeric are needed to enter numbers, keys, punctuation marks and other characters used when working on a PC.

3. Control keys, which include HOME, END, PAGE UP, PAGE DOWN, DELETE and INSERT.

4. Cursor keys are used to move the cursor while working in text-editing programs, in a browser, or when selecting files on a computer.

5. Control keys (modifiers) (Alt, Ctrl, Win, Caps Lock, Fn), used most often in combination with each other or with other keys on the keyboard.

6. Numeric keys are needed in order to quickly enter numbers, so they are often used when compiling reports or working in a calculator.

7. Keys for editing (deleting information) - Backspace, Delete.

The location of the keys on different keyboards may vary, but they are all located in approximately the same places relative to each other. Additional keys can also be built in to mute the sound, increase or decrease the volume, and quickly jump to the mailbox.

Let's take a closer look at the purpose of the computer keyboard keys with their full description.

Each key can perform one or more functions:

Spacebar located at the bottom of the keyboard and is the largest. When typing, it makes a space between words, and when a piece of text is selected, it replaces it with a space, which speeds up work in a text editor. In the Internet browser, it performs the function of scrolling down.
Esc when pressed, cancels the last action, closes or minimizes open windows.
Print Screen creates a screenshot that is pasted into text and image editors. The resulting image is called a "screenshot". The key is also used to print the image from the screen.
scroll lock is needed to enable the mode in which you can scroll the page up and down with the cursor keys. But it does not work on all computers.
Pause/Break suspends the running process, for example, when the computer boots up, you can pause and view system information, but like the previous described key, it does not work on all devices.
Insert activates the mode in which characters are entered over the typed. After pressing, it prints over the entered characters, which at this moment begin to be erased. To cancel the action, press the key again.
Delete is indicated on the keyboard as Del and is needed to delete entered characters in a text editor or selected files. If the action is performed in a text input field, it is deleted to the right of the cursor.
Home this is the key that jumps to the beginning of the filled line. If the cursor is at the end of a sentence in a text editor, pressing the specified button will move it before the first letter in the line. If the click occurs on an empty line, nothing happens. In the browser, rewinds the page to the beginning (up).
End moves the cursor to the end of the line. In the browser, rewinds the page to the very bottom.
Page Up flips the page up. In some media players, pressing the key will play the previous file in the folder.
Page Down scrolls the page down, and in the players includes the media file that is next in the playback queue.
Backspace is used to delete characters to the left of the cursor in a text editor or in a character entry field.
Tab used to insert a tab character equal to 8 spaces (forms a paragraph, for example in Word). Also used in combination with other keys.
cap lock toggles uppercase letters to lowercase letters and vice versa.
Shift when pressed simultaneously with any letter, it makes it capital. If Caps Lock is enabled, it will be lowercase.
alt used in several keyboard shortcuts. Together with Shift, it changes the layout to English, if you press Tab simultaneously with it, it will switch to the program window that was open before.
Num Lock turns on the mode in which additional number keys work.
Enter needed to move to the next line in a text editor, as well as to enter information and confirm actions in many programs.
Windows is used to open the menu that is called when you click the Start button with the mouse.
Context located near the right key and calls the context menu, which differs depending on the program used.
The cursor keys move the cursor and allow you to scroll through pages in the browser.

Hotkeys speed up the work at the computer, causing one or another action. In the described combinations, the keys are pressed in the order in which they are written. Using button combinations, it is easy to speed up the process of calling a particular function.

Windows + Pause/break - Opens a window that displays information about the computer.
Windows + L is a combination that causes the computer to lock. It helps to quickly change the user account.
Windows + D - Minimizes all windows. To open them, the keys are pressed repeatedly.
Windows + Space - the combination is designed to show the desktop.
Windows + E - needed to go to "my computer".
Windows + R - Opens the Run window.
Windows + Tab - Switches between windows of running programs.
Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Opens the task manager.
Win + F - opens a search window for the computer's file system.
Ctrl + F - activates the search function in a document or program.
Alt + F4 is a keyboard shortcut that closes the active window. If the desktop is active, allows you to restart or shut down the computer when pressed again.
Ctrl + - Zooms in or out depending on which way the mouse wheel scrolls.
Alt + Print Screen - the combination creates a screenshot of the window of the program that is active at that moment.

Hot keys when working with text and files

Ctrl + A - Selects all characters in a text editor or files in an open folder.
Ctrl + C - copies the selection or files.
Ctrl + V - Pastes text or files contained in the clipboard.
Ctrl + Z - the combination is needed to undo the last action.
Ctrl + P - Opens the print window.
Ctrl + N - opens a new window of the program that is currently running.
Ctrl + S - saves the typed text or project.
Shift + Delete - the combination completely deletes files without placing them in the trash. Be careful and careful when using this keyboard shortcut!

Typing constantly on one keyboard is difficult to get used to another if you have to use several computers. In an electronics store, it is difficult to choose a specific model if you do not know what types of devices exist.

Depending on the buttons, all keyboards are divided into 3 types:

To find out which keyboard is more comfortable, try pressing several keys and compare the sensations. Some devices click too loudly during use or are pressed more hard. When pressed, it becomes clear to what depth the buttons are immersed.

In order not to get tired of the noise of the keyboard, for constant work, you need to choose models with softer keys. Standard devices have a long stride, while laptops have a short stride. This also needs to be taken into account.

A multimedia keyboard with additional buttons and connectors significantly increases the degree of comfort when working at a computer, so for long-term work it is worth choosing just such models.

Important! For comfortable work, it is worth buying white keyboards. If English and Russian letters differ in color, this allows you to quickly switch from one language to another.

Regardless of which keyboard is chosen for work, it is important to create a comfortable environment. To do this, the hands must be located in a comfortable position. Do not forget about posture. Choosing the right keyboard and following the basic rules of working at a computer will allow you to enjoy the process.

Friends! I hope this article was useful to you, and now you know the purpose of the computer keyboard keys and will use them as efficiently as possible.

The main device for manual input of information, commands and data. This article discusses the keyboard layout, layout, key assignment, symbols and signs.

Computer keyboard: principle of operation

The basic functions of the keyboard do not require special software. The drivers required for its operation are already available in the BIOS ROM. Therefore, the computer responds to the commands of the main keyboard keys immediately after being turned on.

How the keyboard works:

After pressing a key, the keyboard chip generates a scan code.
The scan code enters the port integrated into the motherboard.
The keyboard port tells the processor a fixed interrupt number.
Having received a fixed interrupt number, the processor turns to special. area of RAM containing the interrupt vector - a list of data. Each entry in the data list contains the address of the program serving the interrupt, which matches the entry number.
Having determined the program entry, the processor proceeds to its execution.
The interrupt handler program then directs the processor to the keyboard port, where it finds the scan code. Further, under the control of the handler, the processor determines which of the characters corresponds to this scan code.
The handler sends code to the keyboard buffer, notifying the processor, and then terminates.
The processor moves to the pending task.
The entered character is stored in the keyboard buffer until it is picked up by the program for which it is intended, for example, the Microsoft Word text editor.

Photo of a computer keyboard and key assignment

The standard keyboard has more than 100 keys divided into functional groups. Below picture is shown - photo of computer keyboard with a description of the key groups.

Alphanumeric keys

The alphanumeric keys are used to enter information and spell commands. Each of the keys can work in different registers, as well as denote several characters.

Switching the case (inputting lowercase and uppercase characters) is carried out by holding the Shift key. For hard (permanent) case switching, Caps Lock is used.

If the computer keyboard is used to enter text data, the paragraph is closed by pressing the Enter key. Next, data entry starts on a new line. When the keyboard is used to enter commands, Enter terminates the input and starts its execution.

Function keys

Function keys are located at the top of the keyboard and they consist of 12 buttons F1 - F12. Their functions and properties depend on the running program, and in some cases the operating system.

A common function in many programs is the F1 key, which calls up help, where you can find out the functions of other buttons.

Special keys

Special keys are located next to the alphanumeric group of buttons. Due to the fact that users often resort to using them, they have an increased size. These include:

Shift and Enter discussed earlier.
Alt and Ctrl are used in combination with other keyboard keys to form special commands.
Tab is used for tabulation when typing.
Win - opens the start menu.
Esc - refusal to use the started operation.
BACKSPACE - delete the characters just entered.
Print Screen - print the current screen or save a snapshot of it to the clipboard.
Scroll Lock - switches the operating mode in some programs.
Pause/Break - pause/interrupt the current process.

Cursor keys

The cursor keys are located to the right of the alphanumeric pad. The cursor is a screen element that indicates where information is entered. The arrow keys move the cursor in the direction of the arrows.

Additional keys:

Page Up/Page Down - move the cursor one page up/down.
Home and End - move the cursor to the beginning or end of the current line.
Insert - traditionally switches the data entry mode between insert and replace. In different programs, the action of the Insert button may be different.

Additional numeric keypad

The additional numeric keypad duplicates the actions of the numeric and some other keys of the main input panel. To use it, you must first enable the Num Lock button. Also, additional keyboard keys can be used to control the cursor.

Keyboard shortcut

When a certain key combination is pressed, this or that command is executed for the computer.

Frequently used keyboard shortcuts:

Ctrl + Shift + Esc - Open Task Manager.
Ctrl + F - search box in the active program.
Ctrl + A - Selects all content in the open window.
Ctrl + C - copy the selection.
Ctrl + V - paste from clipboard.
Ctrl + P - print the current document.
Ctrl + Z - cancel the current action.
Ctrl + X - cut the selected section of text.
Ctrl + Shift + → select text by words (start at cursor position).
Ctrl + Esc - Opens/Closes the Start menu.
Alt + Printscreen - screenshot of the active program window.
Alt + F4 - closes the active application.
Shift + Delete - permanent deletion of the object (past the trash).
Shift + F10 - call the context menu of the active object.
Win + Pause - system properties.
Win + E - launches the explorer.
Win + D - Minimizes all open windows.
Win + F1 - Opens Windows Help.
Win + F - Brings up the search box.
Win + L - lock the computer.
Win + R - open "Start the program."

Keyboard symbols

Surely, many users have noticed symbols for nicknames and other social networks. How to make symbols on the keyboard if there are no explicit keys for this?

You can put characters on the keyboard using Alt-codes - additional commands for entering hidden characters. These commands are entered by simply pressing the Alt key + a decimal number.

You can often find questions: how to make a heart on the keyboard, an infinity sign or a euro on the keyboard?

alt+3=
Alt+8734 = ∞
Alt + 0128 = €

These and other symbols on the keyboard are represented in the following tables in the form of figures. The "Alt code" column contains a numeric value, after entering which, in combination with the Alt key, a certain character will be displayed. The character column contains the final result.

Please note that if the optional numeric keypad is not enabled - Num Lock is not pressed, then the Alt + number key combination may lead to unexpected results.

For example, if you press Alt + 4 in the browser, without Num Lock enabled, the previous page will open.

Punctuation marks on the keyboard

Sometimes users, when trying to put a punctuation mark on the keyboard, do not get exactly what they expected. This is due to the fact that a different keyboard layout implies a different use of the keyboard shortcut.

Below is how to put punctuation marks on the keyboard.

Cyrillic punctuation marks

» (quotes) - Shift + 2
No. (number) - Shift + 3
; (semicolon) - Shift + 4
% (percentage) - Shift + 5
: (colon) - Shift + 6
? (question mark) - Shift + 7
((open bracket) - Shift + 9
- (dash) - button with the inscription "-"
, (comma) - Shift + "dot"
+ (plus) - Shift + button with a plus sign "+"
. (dot) - button to the right of the letter "U"

Latin punctuation marks

~ (tilde) - Shift + Yo
! (exclamation point) - Shift + 1
@ (dog - used in an email address) - Shift + 2
# (pound) - Shift + 3
$ (dollar) - Shift + 4
% (percentage) - Shift + 5
^ - Shift + 6
& (ampersand) - Shift + 7
* (multiply or asterisk) - Shift + 8
((open bracket) - Shift + 9
) (close bracket) - Shift + 0
- (dash) - a key on the keyboard with the inscription "-"
+ (plus) - Shift and +
= (equal to) – equals sign button
, (comma) - key with the Russian letter "B"
. (dot) - a key with the Russian letter "U"
< (левая угловая скобка) — Shift + Б
> (right angle bracket) - Shift + Yu
? (question mark) - Shift + question mark button (to the right of "Y")
; (semicolon) - the letter "Ж"
: (colon) - Shift + "W"
[ (left square bracket) - Russian letter "X"
] (right square bracket) - "Ъ"
( (left curly bracket) - Shift + Russian letter "X"
) (right curly brace) - Shift + "Ъ"

Computer keyboard layout

Computer keyboard layout- a scheme for assigning symbols of national alphabets to specific keys. Switching the keyboard layout is performed programmatically - one of the functions of the operating system.

On Windows, you can change the keyboard layout by pressing Alt + Shift or Ctrl + Shift. Typical keyboard layouts are English and Russian.

If necessary, you can change or add the keyboard language in Windows 7 by going to Start - Control Panel - Clock, language and region (sub-item "change keyboard layout or other input methods").

In the window that opens, select the "Languages and keyboards" tab - "Change keyboard". Then, in the new window, on the "General" tab, click "Add" and select the desired input language. Don't forget to save your changes by clicking OK.

Virtual computer keyboard

Virtual keyboard- a separate program, or an add-on included in the software. With its help, letters and symbols are entered from the computer screen using the mouse cursor.

The virtual keyboard is needed, for example, to save confidential data (login and password). When entering data using a regular keyboard, there is a risk of information being intercepted by malicious spyware. Then, through the Internet, the information is transmitted to the attacker.

You can find and download a virtual keyboard using search engines - this will not take you much time. If Kaspersky Anti-Virus is installed on your PC, you can launch the virtual keyboard through the main program window, it is included in it.

Screen keyboard

Screen keyboard located on the touch screen of a smartphone, pressing on it occurs with the user's fingers. Sometimes it is called virtual.

To launch the On-Screen Keyboard in Windows 7, go to Start - All Programs - Accessories - then Ease of Access - On-Screen Keyboard. It looks like this.

To switch the keyboard layout, use the corresponding buttons on the taskbar (near the date with time, at the bottom left of the monitor screen).

What to do if the keyboard does not work

If your keyboard suddenly stops working - do not rush to get upset, first find out what caused the breakdown. All the reasons due to which it does not work can be divided into hardware and software.

In the first case, if the keyboard hardware is broken, it is very problematic to fix the problem without special skills. Sometimes it's easier to replace it with a new one.

Before saying goodbye to a seemingly faulty keyboard, check the cable with which it is connected to the system unit. It may have moved away a little. If everything is in order with the cable, make sure that the failure is not caused by a computer software failure. To do this, restart your PC.

If, after a reboot, the keyboard does not show signs of life, try to shake it up using the solution available in Windows. The sequence of actions is given on the example of Windows 7, if you have a different version of the Windows operating system, proceed by analogy. The principle is about the same, the names of the menu sections may differ slightly.

Go to Start - Control Panel - Hardware and Sound - Device Manager. In the window that opens, if you have problems with the keyboard, it will be marked with a yellow label with an exclamation point. Select it with the mouse and select Action - Delete from the menu. Close Device Manager after uninstallation.

Return to the "Hardware and Sound" tab and select "Add a device". After searching for hardware, your keyboard will be found and its drivers will be installed.

If the hardware installation was successful and the failure of the keyboard was due to a software failure, the Num Lock key light on the keyboard will light up.

If it was not possible to fix the problem, then a temporary solution may be.

These days, the computer keyboard, like the mouse, is considered a low-value device. However, she plays an important role in working with a computer.

We have already learned. Now it's time to learn the keyboard. In order to write a letter, or a query in an Internet search engine, we cannot do without a keyboard. In addition, if your mouse does not work, you can use the keyboard. It is enough to know a few simple commands. Real programmers and hackers don't use the mouse at all. For them, the main tool is the keyboard. Perhaps you, too, will someday work like this, but for now we will learn the basics of working on the keyboard.

Key layout

The entire keyboard, depending on the functions, can be visually divided into several groups:

Function keys (F1-F12)- are used to perform special tasks. Pressing the same key again cancels the action. F1 key - calls the help of the program in which you are currently;
Alphanumeric are keys with letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols.
Control keys- These include keys home,END,PAGEU.P.,PAGEDOWN,DELETE and INSERT.
Cursor keys– are used to move the cursor through documents, web pages, edit text, etc. Control keys (modifiers) (ctrl,alt,Capslock,win,fn) - are used in various combinations and separately.
Numeric keys- to quickly enter numbers.
Editing keys– backspace, delete.

Keyboard layouts may vary slightly. Often on modern keyboards there are also multimedia keys. Such as mute/unmute, volume control, go to mailbox, etc.

Keyboard Key Assignment

Each key performs a specific action:

Spacebar is the longest key on the keyboard. Located at the very bottom in the middle. In addition to its main function, do
space between words, it also removes the "selected" object.
Esc- cancels the last action (closes unnecessary windows).
Print Screen-takes a screenshot. This screenshot can be pasted into Word or Paint. This screenshot is called a "screenshot". And also this key prints the contents of the screen.
scroll lock- serves to scroll information up and down, but this button does not work on all computers.
Pause/Break- suspends the current computer process, but also - does not work on all computers.
Insert- serves to print text over already printed. If you press this key, the new text will be printed overwriting the old one. To undo this action, press the Insert key again.
Delete(on the keyboard is often abbreviated Del) - deletion. Deletes the characters on the right side of the blinking cursor. Deletes "selected" objects (lines of text, folders, files).
Home- jump to the beginning of the filled line.
End- jump to the end of the filled line.
Page Up- flips the page forward.
Page Down- flips the page back.
backspace- deletes the characters to the left of the blinking cursor while typing text. And returns to the previous page in browsers and in Explorer windows, replacing the back arrow in the upper left corner.
Tab- tabulation fixes the cursor in a certain place of the line.
cap lock- Switch between uppercase and lowercase letters.
Shift- a short press of this key - gives a capital letter. In order to type a capital letter, you must first press the Shift key and while holding it, press the desired letter. The Shift key can be pressed both to the right and to the left, as you prefer.
alt- to switch to the opposite language (from English to Russian and vice versa) - you must press the Alt key without releasing its Shift key. Pressing and holding the AltGr (right Alt) key is used to move to the second level of the keyboard.
ctrl- right and left. Opens additional program features.
Nut look– includes an additional numeric keypad.
Enter- key for entering information, confirms the command "yes", or the transition to the next line.
Cursor keys - (up), (down), (right),
(left). Using these arrows, you can move not only through the text that you type, but also through the open pages of sites and programs.

"Hotkeys

You must have heard this expression. " hot"They are called because when you press a combination of these keys, you can quickly call up some program or menu.

Each program has its own set of such keys. You don't need to memorize them. If you are constantly working in some kind of program, then it makes sense to memorize them. Gradually, we will study many of these combinations.

In many program windows, when opening any menu, in front of a particular command, keyboard shortcuts are indicated to call the same command.

Keyboard Shortcuts

Usually such combinations are denoted with the sign + (plus). For instance, Win+E. This means that you must first press the key Win and then the key E.

The letters mean Latin, no matter what layout you have at the moment.

The most necessary actions on the keyboard

In order to switch to another language, you must simultaneously press the key Shift + alt or Shift + ctrl.
To print big (capital) letter, you must hold the key Shift and click on the desired letter.
To print all text in capital letters only, press the key Caps lock and let go. And to switch back to small letters, press this key again.
To type a comma, press the key Shift and semicolon key. They are usually located next to the right.
The point in the English layout is located next to, to the left of the point in the Russian layout.
To quickly bring up the menu Start, you can press the key Win. It usually has a window icon (Windows logo) on it.
Key fn designed for laptop. If you press it and any of the keys F1- F10 , you can enable or disable advanced features. Usually on the keys F1- F10 a small icon is drawn that shows exactly what this key does.

For now, this keyboard knowledge is enough for you. Find every key on your keyboard and try it out.

Is it possible to use a laptop or computer without a touchpad or mouse? Is it possible to open the program without using the menu? At first glance, this seems to be impossible. But nevertheless, you can use your computer at full capacity without endless clicks. In such cases, keyboard shortcuts come to the rescue. Proper use of their combinations can significantly save time.

What are keyboard shortcuts for?

Hot keys or keyboard shortcuts are the ability to interact with a personal computer using only the keyboard. Undoubtedly, far from random key combinations on the keyboard are used for such “communication”. The operating system has built-in actions that are called when certain keys are pressed.

Hot keys are used for more optimized work with a personal computer. These combinations are also called shortcut keys and keyboard accelerator.

Combinations are used most often in cases where you have to work a lot with the mouse or touchpad. It is much faster to select an item from a drop-down menu by pressing one or two keys than to constantly click on the file and look for the desired item.

The keyboard accelerator also helps in working with text. The Word text editor recognizes several dozen combinations, pressing which will trigger a specific action: copy, paste, bold, underline, page break, and so on.

But combinations also have a disadvantage. It lies in the number of combinations. It is very difficult to remember them all. But even using the most popular ones will help optimize your work with files, text, browser and dialog boxes.

Using modifier keys

Any owner of a personal computer or laptop has noticed that there are keys on the keyboard that do not perform any function on their own. These include Ctrl, Shift and Alt. By pressing them, it is impossible to change anything in the system, browser window or text editor. But they are the modifier keys, thanks to which almost every key combination on or computer works.

The correct use of modifiers allows you to open quick access to the operating system settings. But such combinations work both globally and locally. With the right combination of buttons, you can create a new folder, rename a file, or disable the keyboard altogether.

Change Keyboard Layout: Change Keyboard Shortcuts

All owners of personal computers running on the Windows operating system are aware of the keyboard shortcut that helps to change the keyboard layout. In Windows 10, by default, two combinations are used Win + Space and Alt + Shift. However, this option is not suitable for everyone, so users want to change the keyboard shortcut to change the keyboard layout.

To change the way you change the keyboard layout, you must:

Open "Settings" through the "Start" menu.
Select "Time and language".
Go to Region and Language.
In the window, click on "Advanced date and time settings, regional settings."
In the "Language" section, select "Change input method".
In the menu located on the left side of the window, click on "Advanced Options".
In the "Switch input methods" group, select "Change language bar keyboard shortcuts".
In the dialog that appears, click on "Change keyboard shortcut" and enter new parameters.
Save settings.

After application, they will change, and you can change the layout with a new combination.

Entering special characters using a keyboard shortcut

In some situations, it becomes necessary to enter special characters that are not provided by the standard computer keyboard. Keyboard shortcuts and modifiers didn't seem to help either.

What to do if you urgently need to insert a copyright sign, an arrow down, up or sideways, a note, or a paragraph into a message or document? There are two ways to enter such characters.

The first way is to work with the Word text editor. In order to insert a special character, you need to open a new document, go to the "Tab" menu and select "Symbol". In the list that appears, click on "Special characters".

Next, a dialog box will pop up, in which a list of all special characters will be presented. It remains for the user to choose the appropriate one. For a more convenient search, special symbols are grouped by subject: monetary units, punctuation marks, geometric shapes, technical symbols, and so on.

To save time, the special characters window can be called up with the combination Ctrl+Alt+"-".

The second way is keyboard shortcuts for symbols. To enter special characters from the keyboard, you will need to hold down the Alt button and at the same time enter a set of numbers. For example, Alt+0169 is a code.

All codes are listed below.

How to lock the keyboard using a keyboard shortcut

Unfortunately, there is no single key combination on the Windows 7 keyboard that would allow you to lock only the keyboard. On some computers and laptops, the combination F11 + Esc may work. Sometimes manufacturers introduce special combinations into their products for such tasks. For example, all Acer laptops lock the keyboard when pressing Fn + F7.

But it is still possible to partially block the keyboard on the computer. The key combination Win + L blocks not so much the keyboard itself as the operating system. After pressing the keys, the user will be moved to the window for entering the password from the system and changing the account. Only those who know the password will be able to log in again.

Keyboard shortcuts for working in Word

There is a whole list of keyboard shortcuts that allow you to optimize your work with documents in the Word text editor.

To create a new document, just use the Ctrl+N keys.

Ctrl+O - opens a new file.

Ctrl+W - closes the file.

Alt+Ctrl+S - splits file windows.

Alt + Shift + C - removes the division.

Ctrl+S - saves the document.

Alt + left arrow - move to the next page.

Alt + right arrow - move to the previous page.

Alt+Ctrl+I - preview.

Ctrl+P - print.

To switch to reading mode, you will need to press the Alt - O and E keys in sequence.

Ctrl+D - opens a window that allows you to change the type, size and properties of the font.

Shift+F3 - changes the appearance of the text: lowercase letters are replaced with uppercase.

Ctrl+Shift+F - Change uppercase letters to lowercase.

To make text bold, just press Ctrl+B.

Ctrl+I - select text with an inclination.

Ctrl+U - adds an underline.

Ctrl+Shift+W - Adds a double underline.

Ctrl+Shift+D - double underline.

Ctrl+Enter - insert a page break.

C - copy a specific table, image or text.
V - transferring data from the clipboard to the document.
X - data is entered into the clipboard and deleted from the file.
A - data selection.
Z - cancel the last data entry.

There are many more hotkeys that allow you to optimize your work with documents. But the list presented above includes the main and most popular combinations that will be useful to every user.

Working with dialog boxes

Combinations of several buttons on the keyboard allow you to quickly navigate through the dialog boxes of the operating system. Using the arrows helps shift focus to other buttons in the window. The Backspace button moves the user to the folder one level up. Pressing the "Space" will uncheck the box or tick.

The Tab button will allow you to move to the next active area of the window. To move in the opposite direction, just add the Shift button to the combination.

You can quickly view all open folders and programs by holding Alt + Tab.

Keyboard shortcuts and the Windows button

The Windows or Win key is associated with the Start menu for many. But in combination with other buttons, it works on a global scale.

Windows button +:

A - call the "Support Center".
B - allows you to minimize all windows.
Alt+D - Enables or disables the appearance of the current date on the desktop.
E - quickly opens the explorer.

"Windows" + K - instantly minimizes active windows.

Win + R - call the "Run" function.

Win + S - opens a window that allows you to search for files and programs on a personal computer.

Win + "+" / "-" - change the scale of the working surface.

Win and the enter button let you launch Narrator.

Win+Esc - closes the Magnifier application.

You can quickly open the Ease of Access Center by holding Windows and I.

Win in combination with the up or down arrows allows you to resize the dialog box.

Working with Explorer

Pressing Alt+D allows you to move to the address bar.

Ctrl+E - activates the search field.

Ctrl+N is a universal combination that allows you to open a new window in almost any program.

Ctrl combined with scrolling changes the size of files and folders in a specific window.

Ctrl+Shift+E - lists all folders that precede the active one.

Ctrl+Shift+N - creates a new folder.

If you press the F2 button after highlighting a file or folder, you can immediately rename it. The F11 key activates the preview. Pressing again will deactivate it.

Win+Ctrl+D - allows you to create a new virtual desktop. To switch between them, you need to press Win + Ctrl + left or right arrows.