Nestor is personal. Nestor the Chronicler

Electronic Express — these are electronic services as part of the information and legal support GARANT

The Garant company has been providing information and legal services since 1990. GARANT is chosen by hundreds of thousands of lawyers, accountants, managers in all regions of the country. Our services are licensed by the Federal Security Service of Russia, the Ministry of Communications of the Russian Federation, FSTEC. Electronic Express has the official status of the EDF Operator of the Federal Tax Service of Russia.

Electronic signature (ES), Electronic Digital Signature (EDS) is an effective solution for everyone who wants to keep up with the new demands of the times. If you do not have time to wait for the arrival of courier or courier mail many hundreds of kilometers away, in order to check to confirm the conclusion of the transaction or the authenticity of the information received. The advantages of ES are obvious - documents signed with an electronic digital signature can be transferred to their destination within a few seconds. All participants in the electronic document exchange receive equal opportunities, regardless of their distance from each other. It is impossible to fake an ES - this requires a huge amount of calculations that cannot be implemented with the modern level of computer technology and mathematics in an acceptable time, that is, while the information contained in the signed document remains relevant. Additional protection against forgery is provided by certification of the public key of the signature by the Certification Authority.

Trading in electronic form (electronic trading)- this is a system of public relations regulated by the rules of law between participants in electronic interaction of a public information system posted on the Internet, using which these participants make civil law transactions among themselves for the sale of goods, works or services.

The process of conducting electronic trading in electronic form is a regulated process that includes the performance of the functions of preparing, receiving, analyzing, processing and providing information related to participants in electronic interaction.

Electronic reporting- this is the transfer of documents not on paper forms, but in electronic form via the Internet. To send electronic reporting, an auxiliary software package is required, which is developed by a specialized telecom operator. A specialized communications operator is an organization that carries out document management between the person submitting the report and the regulatory authority. Most often, specialized telecom operators are certification centers. Reports transmitted in this way are certified with an electronic signature (ES; earlier - electronic digital signature, EDS), which makes them legally significant and completely protected from information leakage.

Express Document is an electronic document management system. Express document will help to prepare, securely protect and instantly transfer business correspondence: contracts, acts, waybills, invoices, other documents.

Electronic document management is the movement of electronic documents in the enterprise and the organization of this movement. This, as a rule, implies a full cycle of automating the movement of a document (from receiving or generating to sending or transferring to the archive) and a significant (down to zero) reduction in the use of paper documents. At the same time, electronic and paperless document management are not the same thing, since electronic document management can operate (often it happens) including images (scanned originals) of paper documents.

Express Tender is an information block that provides an easy and technologically advanced online service designed to obtain up-to-date information about government and corporate tenders. The service is updated daily with tens of thousands of new tenders and is easy to use and search accurate.

"Express Tender" allows not only to organize the monitoring of purchases of interest, but also to systematize the work of the tender department employees. Distribute the found tenders between them and track the progress of the tasks. The service supports the simultaneous work of an unlimited number of specialists.

Express Check- a professional service for collecting information about business partners that allows you to quickly find reliable information about a partner, counterparty or any other legal entity of interest: company details, current legal status, financial statements and much more.

"Express Check" is a tool necessary for the comfortable work of a manager, accountant, purchasing manager, sales manager and many other professionals whose activities are related to external relations and the search for counterparties and partners.

Our advantages

Our representatives work according to uniform standards and have the necessary licenses. Certification Center GARANT (CA GARANT) ensures the legal significance of electronic document management in strict accordance with the Federal Law "On Electronic Signature".

1. Professional service in compliance with the requirements of the law, as part of the information and legal support GUARANTOR.

2. A wide range of EDS certificates for trading for use on a variety of portals and marketplaces in the country.

3. Availability of necessary licenses, certificates and accreditations, compliance with information security requirements.

4. An extensive regional network of licensed EDS key registration centers for trading floors, the possibility of obtaining a certificate in any region of the country.

5. Convenient ways to receive the service, the ability to go out and the first-class technical support for users.

The main thing is not participation, but victory!

Phones for communication:+7 (8782) 28-44-89, 28-44-90, 28-44-91

Contact email: [email protected]

NesterTelecom LLC is the official authorized partner of the GARANT network in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic and offers its customers the services of the GARANT legal reference system, as well as a whole range of information and legal products.

IPO GUARANTOR is more than a reference legal system

Information and legal support "Garant" includes:

Perfect Service: personal manager, hotline, training, remote testing, certification.

GARANT system: in a single interconnected spacethe documents you need to make the right decisions are presented.

Legal consulting: quick resolution of your professional issuesthanks to an archive of ready-made solutions, where thousands of practical situations are considered and individual written opinions of experts for your question.

PRIME: You are always up to date with what is happening in the professional areas of interest to you with the help of a daily individual legal feed news.

Legal portal www.garant.ru: You take part in Internet conferences, Internet interviews, round tables, online seminars,communicate with colleagues on a professional forum, participate in the discussion of draft laws.

"Vesti Guarantor": You regularly receive a printed edition"Vesti Guarantor", which briefly and succinctly tells about the most important changes in legislation, interesting judicial practice.

Professional magazines: Magazine for accountants - "Actual accounting", For lawyers - a magazine with authoritative legal analytics "Legislation".

All-Russian satellite online seminars: Thanks to modern satellite technology, you will be able to meet in real timewith the best lecturers, leading experts in their respective fields.

It's profitable with us - interesting price offers.

It's convenient with us - the whole range of information and legal services in one place.

Dedicated to punctuation lovers

Sometimes you open a book, and already in the middle of a chapter, instead of reading, you want to do something meaningless, like this The company's snow-white liner looked tiny ... An hour later, a tiny sun came out ... a light smoke of oxygen-free welding, a thin stream, pulled out of the open hatch etc

Review for: "Symbiosis", Sukharevsky Roman

Link here Everything. I can not do it anymore. I threw a dozen novels into the library, planning to write reviews for everything. But I couldn't finish this novel. You can’t write a review of something you haven’t read, but it’s not good to leave it without a review. So, the novel is psychological and philosophical. The topics of good and evil, freedom of choice and action, morality, conscience, relations between people, etc. are touched upon. The slogan of this novel may well be "wet dreams of a high school student." The main character is successful, popular with ...

Do it yourself. Second round. Announcement/poll

Hello everyone. Somehow I wanted to see blood and fierce battles, and I tried to appeal to the dark side of the soul of every critic who stumbled upon the competition. Often they say in reviews what exactly they did not like in the text. That, they say, in real life, people do not talk like that. That the text is dry, there are no landscapes in it. Or there is no explanation of what is happening, a description of the hero, etc. But: - scratching everything with your tongue - everyone has their own vision of the author - hearing the rhythm in the head and reproducing it is not the same thing ...

About selfishness, mistrust, lying stones and honesty

Like it or not, you write for yourself, and so that you yourself like it. And yet, I want to be read, and read as much as possible. But here's the problem. Let's say ten readers come (yes, that's a lot for some) and start commenting. Let's say that even all ten praise you. But. Two of them are your acquaintances, and they will even write a post with a review or a review. They have no trust. Because they are acquaintances. People you know can't be trusted. Eight remain. Four of them write "it is not clear...

Meetings in Moscow

Comrades! Citizens! I have one question. That is, it did not arise from me, but from one familiar person. And I kind of redirect in the range available to me. Is there a place in Moscow or Zamkadye where creative people of a writer's orientation gather? Something like a cafe, where people come and discuss about the same things that are here in blogs only live? Not necessarily evenings of creativity. More like a biker club, only for writers. Share information with those who know.

Attention, shooting!

Duel in the sense of What's the difference who is with whom? But in general Tal and Dave. If you don't recognize them by their names, then your link won't give you anything. What difference does it make what the topic is? But in general, litrpg, horror, mysticism and humor are beyond, that is, from red obscene to black cynical there are no dates yet, people who are ready to judge are needed. Write, do not be shy, you are a newbie on the site (not the one you thought about) or more or less an old-timer - you need three judges. All you have to do is read both stories and say which one you like better. Yes,...

Gratitude and praise

Hello everyone. In this post, I would like to express public gratitude to those who still tolerate me to all the good residents of AT, and separately to Maya Malinovskaya. Some time ago, I was almost forced to buy a microphone, so there was nowhere to go - I decided to try my hand at voicing texts. Maya helped with advice and educational videos of her authorship. With her help, I more or less mastered the basics of working with sound. And here is the feeling - almost like in front of a teacher. Kind of afraid to cause a facepalm. So I...

The game is the second round! (discussion)

And the weather seems to be favorable - a lot of new people. And for a long time I thought to arrange a new mahach. This time with blood. I listened to advice, looked at past results, and decided to change the rules of the game a bit. I would like to push them through, but we need to hear the opinion - whether someone will play this. Essence: Often there are disputes about which text is literature, and which is graphomaniac. And can women write about something other than love. And can nerds write something other than LitRPG. And what's the right word...

Offer to the portal

But why not create a separate FAQ * collection of criticism? Collect there all-all blogs about criticism. Add subsections: criticism from writer to writer, criticism from reader to writer, criticism from writer to reader; how the critic should relate to counterparts, how the writer should perceive criticism. Then a section for "it's not for everyone, but personally I feel like this." This is the first part of the idea. The second stage is the creation of a bot that would track the number of mentions in the blog of derivatives of "criticism" ....

Multiple Orders of Organizing Text

Actually, I'm being stupid. Insults for the sake of No, I will not poke a finger. Only if you praise. But in the first place, no. So I thought - what way does a writer go in his skill? I built the chain not in the mandatory sequence of development, but in the order that you notice while reading / postponing it. 1. Construction of proposals. This is the simplest. But sometimes there is a type "Approaching the shore, a boy came out of the hut" . And this boy comes out in every third paragraph...

eclectic

It was the 51st day of preparations for the election of the governor of the Moscow region. At the end of August, all completely intact sidewalks and curbs were dug near our house. The photo above is recent. The elections are over. True, last night they still began to roll up the asphalt. Cursing Indian summer.

News (end game and more)

Announcement number ZERO: I have a little forced vacation, and in order not to go crazy with boredom, I sit down to read. Announcement number one: - The DIY game is closing. It turned out not quite what I expected - there was no blood, scandals and intrigues. But after all, it is not for my dark soul, so I hope the participants got some benefit and pleasure. I do not yet know what conclusions can be drawn from the results obtained and what format to give the second round (if there is one) so that ...

Hot heads in the sand

A typical day at AT. As a fludoclicker is supposed to, I go over the first page in search of something interesting. And I go further. But sometimes there are posts so expressive, full of the ardor of a creative nature, that it is difficult to pass by. And I put a minus. For what? And for disabled comments. That is, a person thinks that he can bark at everyone and safely hide, but he forgets to set the topic of the post as self-promotion. Maybe for someone it will be a discovery, but the very disabling of comments is almost ...

The title of historian is great and responsible. We know Herodotus, and Plutarch, and Tacitus, and N.M. Karamzin. But for Russian history there is no higher authority, no higher name than the monk (c. 1056-114) - a monk of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, father of Russian history.

November 9 Memorial Day of the chronicler Nestor is celebrated. The years of his life fell on the XI century. For him, literally recently, in 988, the waters of the Dnieper received the baptized people of Kiev, witnesses of this miracle were still alive. But civil strife, attacks by external enemies have already overtaken Russia. The descendants of Prince Vladimir could not or did not want to be united, with each decade internecine strife among the princes increased.

Scientist Monk Nestor

Who was the Monk Nestor? Tradition says that, being a seventeen-year-old boy, he came to the monastery to the holy elder Theodosius of the Caves(c. 1008–May 3, 1074), where he accepted monastic dignity. There is no doubt that Nestor came to the monastery already quite literate and even, according to the level of that time, an educated young man. By that time, there were many teachers in Kiev, from whom Nestor could study.

At that time, according to the Monk Nestor

blacks, like luminaries, shone in Russia. Some were strong mentors, others were firm in vigil or in kneeling prayer; others fasted every other day and two days later, others ate only bread and water; others boiled potion, others - only raw.

Everyone was in love: the younger ones obeyed the elders, not daring to speak before them, and showed humility and obedience; and the elders showed love to the younger ones, instructed and consoled them, like fathers of small children. If any brother fell into any sin, they consoled him and, out of great love, divided the penance into two and three. Such was mutual love, with strict abstinence.

And the days of the monk Nestor were indistinguishable from the days of other Chernorizians. Only his obedience was different: with the blessing of the rector Theodosius of the Caves wrote the history of Russia. In his literary works, the chronicler calls himself " sinful», « cursed», « unworthy servant of God". In these assessments of oneself, humility and God-fearing are manifested: a person who has reached such heights of humility sees the smallest sins in his soul. To imagine the spiritual level of the saints, it is enough to delve into the following saying: The saints mistook for sin the shadow of the thought of sin”, even the slightest thought, and often even mourned their virtues as sins.

The first literary works of Nestor the Chronicler

The first in time was the work of Nestor " The life of the holy princes Boris and Gleb, in holy baptism named Roman and Davyd". It contains high prayerfulness, accuracy of description, moralizing. Nestor speaks of the creation of man, his fall and his rise by the grace of God. In the words of the chronicler one can see a heavy sadness that the Christian faith is slowly spreading in Russia. Nestor writes:

While Christians multiplied everywhere and idol altars were abolished, the Russian country remained in its former charm of idols, because it did not hear from anyone a word about our Lord Jesus Christ; no apostles came to us and no one preached the word of God.

The second, and no less interesting and significant work of the chronicler - " Life of St. Theodosius of the Caves". Nestor, as a very young novice, saw Saint Theodosius, then, many years later, he participated in the uncovering of the relics of the monk, and now he compiled his biography. It is written simply and inspirationally.

My goal, - writes Nestor, - so that the future Chernoriztsy, reading the life of the saint and seeing his valor, glorified God, glorified the saint of God and strengthened for the feat, especially by the fact that such a man and saint of God appeared in the Russian country.

Nestor's Chronicle "The Tale of Bygone Years"

The main feat of the life of the Monk Nestor was the compilation by the years 1112-1113 "The Tale of Bygone Years". An unusually wide range of sources, comprehended from a single, ecclesiastical point of view, allowed the Monk Nestor to write the history of Russia as an integral part of world history, the history of the salvation of the human race. " Tale of Bygone Years”came down to us as part of later codes:

1. Laurentian Chronicle(1377)
2. First Novgorod Chronicle(XIV century) and
3. Ipatiev Chronicle(XV century).

It is assumed that Nestor used the material ancient vault(IX century), Code of Nikon(70s of the XI century) and Initial Code(1093–1095). The text clearly echoes the Byzantine chronicle. George Amartola. The authenticity and completeness of the writings of St. Nestor is such that historians resort to them to this day as the most important and reliable source of information about Ancient Russia.

« Tale of Bygone Years"- the great creation of the father of Russian history.
Not temporary, but temporary years, covering not some small period, but huge years of Russian life, an entire era. It is called in its entirety as follows: “Behold the tales of the time years, where did the Russian land come from, who in Kiev began first to reign, and from where did the Russian land begin to eat».

History is comprehended by Nestor strictly from the Orthodox point of view. He talks about the saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius, shows the great happiness of the Baptism of Russia, the fruits of its enlightenment. Equal-to-the-Apostles Vladimir- the main character of "The Tale of Bygone Years" by Nestor. The chronicler compares it with John the Baptist. The exploits and life of the prince are depicted in detail and with love. The spiritual depth, historical fidelity and patriotism of The Tale of Bygone Years place it among the highest creations of world literature.

Chronicle of Nestor Tale of Bygone Years” cannot be called pure history, church or civil chronicle. It is also the history of the Russian people, the Russian nation, a reflection on the origins of the Russian consciousness, the Russian perception of the world, the fate and attitude of a person of that time. It was not a simple enumeration of bright events or a familiar European biography, but a deep reflection on the place in the world of a new young people - the Russians. Where are we from? What are beautiful? How are we different from other nations?- these are the questions that confronted Nestor.

"The Tale of Bygone Years". Research

The first researcher of The Tale of Bygone Years was a Russian historian and geographer V. N. Tatishchev. The archaeographer managed to find out a lot of interesting things about the chronicle P. M. Stroev. He expressed a new view of The Tale of Bygone Years, as a collection of several earlier chronicles, and began to consider all the chronicles that have come down to us to be such collections.

Famous Russian philologist and historian of the late XIX-XX centuries. A. A. Shakhmatov put forward the version that each of the chronicles is a historical work with its own political position, dictated by the place and time of creation. He connected the history of the chronicle with the history of the whole country. The results of his research are presented in the works " Research on the most ancient Russian chronicle vaults"(1908) and" Tale of Bygone Years"(1916). According to Shakhmatov, Nestor wrote the first edition of The Tale of Bygone Years in the Kiev Caves Monastery in 1110-1112. The second edition was written by Abbot Sylvester in the Kiev Vydubitsky Mikhailovsky Monastery in 1116. In 1118, the third edition of The Tale of Bygone Years was compiled on behalf, or even political order, of the Novgorod prince Mstislav I Vladimirovich.

Soviet researcher D. S. Likhachev assumed that in the 30-40s of the XI century, by order Yaroslav the Wise Oral folk historical traditions about the spread of Christianity were recorded. This cycle served as the future basis of the chronicle.

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, creating your own chronicler Pimena in the drama Boris Godunov"(1824-1825, published in 1831), based on the character traits of the chronicler Nestor, striving for the truth, even if someone does not like it, not at all" does not decorate the writer».

The Monk Nestor survived the fire and destruction of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra in 1196. His last works are permeated with the thought of the unity of Russia, of uniting it with the Christian faith. The chronicler bequeathed to the Pechersk monks to continue the work of their whole lives. His successors in chronicle writing: Rev. Sylvester, hegumen Vydubitsky Kiev Monastery; hegumen Moses, who extended the chronicle until 1200; hegumen Lawrence- the author of the famous Laurentian Chronicle of 1377. All of them refer to the Monk Nestor: for them he is the highest teacher - both as a writer and as a prayer book.

As modern scholars have established, the Monk Nestor died at the age of 65. Now the relics of the Monk Nestor are incorruptible in Near caves(Antoniev) Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. At the beginning of the 21st century Society of History Lovers at Kiev University» bound with silver to the shrine of the reverend.

To the attention of all lovers of Russian history
→

Russian chronicle history is a monumental monument of ancient Russian book art, in terms of the scale and breadth of coverage of historical events, as well as in the form of presentation of the material. unparalleled in the world. The collection contains weather (by years) chronicles, stories, legends, lives of Russian chronicle history for four and a half centuries (XII-XVI centuries).