Modes of operation client program e-mail presentation. Network Hardware and Software - Knowledge Hypermarket

Modem. Information in a computer has a discrete binary form, while a continuous (analog) electrical signal is transmitted over telephone lines. In order to connect a personal computer to the telephone network, you need a special device that matches their work. Such a device is called a "modem" (MODULATOR - DEModulator). Modulation is the conversion of information from a discrete digital form to an analog one, which is carried out when the subscriber transfers information to the network. In the textbook for the 8th grade (§ 24), such a conversion was called digital-to-analog - DAC. Demodulation is the inverse analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) that occurs when information is received.

The communication scheme between the subscriber and the server using a modem is shown in Fig. 1.2.

The modem can be made as a separate device connected to computer via the standard serial communication port available with every computer. There are also built-in modems in the form of an electronic board installed inside the computer.

One of the most important characteristics of a modem is its data transfer rate, measured in bits per second. Typical transmission rates for modern modems are: 14,400 bps, 19 kbps. Modern high-speed modems have speeds of 28 Kbps, 56 Kbps.

Let the used modem while working on the network can send 14,400 bps (1800 characters per second). Then the transmission of a full page of text (about 2500 characters) will take about one and a half seconds. Switching the modem speed to 28Kbps will double the transmission speed. A modem that can handle a high speed usually allows you to work at a low speed.

Serious data transmission problems are often caused by poor quality telephone lines. This leads to distortion of the transmitted information. Sometimes one corrupted bit can devalue all information. Many types of modems have error-correcting capabilities. Such modems are called intelligent modems. The use of error correction reduces the data transfer rate, but increases its reliability.

What are protocols

In computer networks, subscribers can use various brands of computers, types of modems, communication lines, communication programs... In order for all this equipment to work in harmony, the operation of networks is subject to special technical agreements called protocols.

Network protocols are standards that determine the forms of presentation and methods of sending messages, procedures for their interpretation, rules for the joint operation of various equipment.

Global network software. Client-server technology

Both the subscriber's computer and the nodal server computer are engaged in servicing the network information services. For each of the services (e-mail, file transfer, databases, etc.), certain software must exist on the user's machine and on the server. The organization of software adopted in modern networks is called "client-server" technology.

Any network service on the subscriber's machine is served by a program called a client program (or, in short, a client); on the nodal server, this service is provided by the operation of the server program. Thus, the word "server" is used in relation to both the serving computer and its software.

The "client" and "server" programs establish communication with each other, and each of them performs its own part of the work on servicing the subscriber. The client program prepares the user's request, transmits it over the network, and then receives the response. The server-program receives the request, prepares the response information and transmits it to the user (see Fig. 1.2). In this case, the programs "client" and "server" use common protocols - they communicate with each other in the same "network language". Different protocols may be used to provide different services.

Lesson content lesson outline support frame lesson presentation accelerative methods interactive technologies Practice tasks and exercises self-test workshops, trainings, cases, quests home assignments discussion questions rhetorical questions from students Illustrations audio, video clips and multimedia photos, pictures, charts, tables, schemes humor, jokes, jokes, comics parables, sayings, crosswords, quotes Supplements abstracts articles chips for the curious cheat sheets textbooks basic and additional vocabulary of terms others Improving textbooks and lessonsbug fixes in the tutorial updating a fragment in the textbook elements of innovation in the lesson replacing obsolete knowledge with new ones For teachers only perfect lessons calendar plan for the year methodological recommendations of the discussion program Integrated lessons

If you have any corrections or suggestions for this lesson,

There are a lot of mail programs, they differ among themselves by manufacturers, cost, functions and much more. What is a mail program?

Mail program(e-mail client, mail client, mail client, mailer) - software installed on the user's computer and designed to receive, write, send and store e-mail messages of one or several users (in the case, for example, several accounts on one computer) or several accounts of the same user.

The main functions of mail clients are receiving messages, ensuring their viewing, sorting messages, automating the creation of reply messages, and maintaining an address book.

Large mailers, so-called. All-in-one, such as Mozilla Thunderbird, The Bat! and Microsoft Outlook today combine the work of MSA, MDA and MRA in one application. Simpler mail user agents (MUA), such as Mutt, are also mail programs.

Unlike a mail server, an e-mail client usually does not send a message directly to the appropriate recipient server, but to the same mail server, which acts as a relay. This is usually the mail server of the provider or company. Sending mail is most often carried out using the SMTP protocol.

An e-mail client accepts mail from one or more mail servers, often the same server that it sends. Mail is usually received via POP or IMAP.

Also, the functions of an e-mail client may include: sorting, storing messages, searching through the archive of messages, maintaining an address book, filtering received messages according to various criteria, converting formats, encryption, organizing interfaces with office programs and other functions.

The most common email programs used under different operating systems in 2014:

1 Microsoft Outlook- personal information manager with mail client and Groupware functions from Microsoft.

In addition to the functions of an e-mail client for working with e-mail, Microsoft Outlook is a full-fledged organizer that provides the functions of a calendar, task planner, notebook and contact manager. In addition, Outlook allows you to track work with documents in Microsoft Office for automatic compilation of a work diary.

Outlook can be used as a standalone application or act as a client for the Microsoft Exchange Server mail server, which provides additional functions for collaboration between users of the same organization: shared mailboxes, task folders, calendars, conferences, scheduling and scheduling general meeting times, coordination documents. Microsoft Outlook and Microsoft Exchange Server are a platform for organizing workflow, as they are provided with a system for the development of custom plugins and scripts, with the help of which it is possible to program additional workflow functions (and not only workflow) that are not provided in the standard delivery.

2 The Bat!- program for working with e-mail for Windows. Developed by the Moldovan company Ritlabs. The Bat! popular among Russian users, users from the former USSR republics and some European countries. The main task of the program is to protect correspondence from monitoring by third parties.

It has many possibilities for sorting letters, and also has a system for connecting additional extension modules (plugins) designed to protect against spam and viruses. As a rule, plugins can be downloaded from the site of the developers of such modules. The program has a built-in mail manager for POP3 servers.

The program has many tools to ensure the security of correspondence. Among them:

• - password protection of the mailbox
• - encryption of the mail base
• - encryption and signature of emails using S / MIME and OpenPGP
• - blocking suspicious images
• - ignoring scripts and executable codes

In The Bat! you can configure automatic sorting of letters according to the specified parameters. The program is able to re-sort messages by sender, addressee, subject, message text, tags, message size, priority, date and other parameters. Available actions include moving, copying, exporting, printing letters, deleting, auto-reply, creating a reminder, launching an external application. It is possible to create general sorting rules that are valid for multiple mailboxes.

Virtual folders make it easy to work with the flow of letters. In The Bat! it is possible to create virtual folders and use filters to customize the display of the necessary letters. Virtual folders do not contain letters, but links to them. Thus, their use allows you not to waste space by creating copies of letters.

There are three levels of letter templates available: for an individual contact, for letters created in a specific folder, and for letters created in a specific mailbox. In The Bat! there are also quick templates that allow you to insert fragments of pre-typed text into a letter. Quick templates can be shared across all boxes.

Also in The Bat! it is possible to back up letters (in a general backup file or in a separate one for each mailbox) or a folder, address book and settings at the user's request or in automatic mode on a schedule. In this case, it is possible to protect the backup copy with a password and add comments.

Administrator and user access rights can be set for each mailbox. The administrator can restrict the rights of a regular user in configuring the program and access to mailboxes.

3 Mozilla thunderbird is a free cross-platform freeware program for working with e-mail and newsgroups, and with the installation of the Lightning extension, and with a calendar. It is part of the Mozilla project. Supports protocols: SMTP, POP3, IMAP, NNTP, RSS. Official assemblies are provided for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, Linux (i386), and the set of features is the same on all platforms. There are also third party builds for FreeBSD, Solaris, OpenSolaris, OS / 2.

Thunderbird's interface, like the Mozilla Firefox web browser, is based on XUL technology developed by the Mozilla Foundation. As a result, the user interface on all platforms looks the same as for applications developed for that particular platform. Like Firefox, Thunderbird supports visual themes. By default, the program interface is similar to the Outlook Express interface familiar to Windows users.

Thunderbird will automatically recognize unwanted mail. You can also manually indicate which messages are spam, "teaching" the program in this way. In addition, Thunderbird can store mail both in separate folders for each mailbox, and in a common one for everyone.

The letter can be displayed in several folders specified by the user based on filters. At the same time, in reality, the letter remains the only one and does not take up extra space, as if copies of one letter were stored in different folders.

4 Opera Mail(formerly M2) is an email and news client previously built into the Opera browser but now a separate email program. Its interface is slightly different from other email clients in order to provide better integration with Opera. It has spam filters (automatic and trainable - Bayesian (English Bayesian, by the last name of the author of the theorem by his name Thomas Bayes)), support for POP3, IMAP, SMTP and ESMTP protocols, newsgroups, RSS, Atom and NNTP news feeds.

Opera Mail uses one database that stores the contents of all letters and sorts them automatically according to several parameters, for example, by type: just letters and letters with attached files. This provides quick access to emails. The content of the letter can be viewed below the list of incoming messages and in a separate window. Also, a Bayesian filter is used to automatically sort messages according to various parameters. All messages located in the database are available under the Read mail / Received view menu item. Opera Mail has a traffic minimization feature that gives the user access only to the first lines of the letter, and not to the entire letter, thereby reducing the consumed traffic. Also one of the main innovations with the release of the Opera 9.64 browser is the preview of news feeds. With its help, a page is generated containing the current information in the mailing list, and the user can view or subscribe to the newsletter using a special button. One of the disadvantages of the email client since its inception was the inability to use formatting when writing a letter. This flaw was fixed in Opera 10. Also in version 10 of the browser there was a built-in spellchecking system.

Opera Mail also has a contact manager and a simple IRC client that allows a user to connect to multiple servers at the same time. Private communication and file transfer between users is possible. In chats, it is possible to change the appearance by editing the CSS file (examples).

Opera 12.17 is the last version of the browser with a built-in mail client. Opera Mail is now a separate application.

5 Windows Mail(English Windows Mail) is a program for working with e-mail and newsgroups, supplied with the Windows Vista operating system.

Unlike its predecessor, Outlook Express, Windows Mail is not considered a component of Internet Explorer. As a result, the program will not be available for previous operating systems in the same way that Internet Explorer 7 was made available for Windows XP.

Privacy and security features include support for SSL / TLS standards to protect traffic, as well as S / MIME for encryption and signature of letters, for this, third-party software can also be used. To protect against spam, Microsoft SmartScreen technology is used, as well as third-party programs. Windows Mail also contains built-in anti-phishing tools and the ability to integrate external antivirus modules.

• On May 30, 2007, Microsoft first released a beta version of a new mail client - Windows Live Mail - something like an improved version of Windows Mail for Windows Vista and Windows 7, which is intended to replace it. The Windows Live Mail client was later included in the Windows Live Essentials suite.
• 6 IBM Notes(also IBM Notes / Domino, formerly called Lotus Notes) is a software product, a platform for automating the collaboration of work groups (Groupware), containing e-mail, personal and group electronic calendars, instant messaging services and an application runtime business interaction.

The product was first released in 1989 by the American company Lotus Development, which was acquired by IBM in 1995.

Beginning with version 9.0.0, IBM has rebranded the IBM Lotus Notes / Domino platform, changing the system logo and removing the term "Lotus" from the name.

The main functions included in the basic delivery of IBM Notes / Domino version 9 (when using the IBM Notes Client Standard type):

• - execution environment of applications for the automation of group activities (the program code is executed on the client, server and in a web browser);
• - crypto protection (encryption and electronic signature);
• - email client;
• - mail server;
• - personal and group calendars, task scheduler;
• - a set of office applications IBM Lotus Symphony (text editor, spreadsheets, preparation of presentations - only in versions 8.0 and 8.5);
• - client of the environment of the exchange of instant messages (Instant messenger) IBM Sametime (the IBM Sametime server is a stand-alone product);
• - built-in web server;
• - built-in web browser (does not support modern standards, it is recommended to use external applications to view web pages);
• - LDAP directory server;
• - IBM Notes application server;
• - replication - synchronization between remotely remote database instances;
• - data integration services DECS (Domino Enterprise connection services);
• - a means of storing attached files outside of DAOS databases (Domino attachment and object services);
• - support for remote debugging of IBM Domino server applications.
• 7 The bee- a universal email client from the domestic software development group AV (T) Lab. The program is free. The main advantage of this program is its size and ability to work without installation from any media. The Bee executable file weighs only 450 kilobytes. If you need to use the SSL protocol, you will need two more library files, but in this case the application will not take more than 750 kilobytes of disk space. Despite this, to put it mildly, the modest size of The Bee, in addition to working with e-mail, provides the ability to communicate via ICQ, as well as read news.

As a tool for working with e-mail, The Bee provides the most necessary standard functions without frills and any "bells and whistles". When creating messages for sending by e-mail, the program supports only a file attachment from additional functions. You will not see any emoticons, sound effects and other nice additions here. However, The Bee does not pretend to be the main mail client in your system. Its main task is to provide fast and convenient access to e-mail, news conferences and ICQ services in any suitable place, when needed. And The Bee does an excellent job with this task.

Communication equipment. Local area network equipment. Protocol stack TCP / IP. Server. A collection of nodes. Building local networks. OSPF. Dilemma. Basic technology. Router. TCP / IP stack. Presentation layer. IGMP. Types of computer networks. History of the Internet. Developing applications. Device. Geographically distributed networks. Splash. Terminals. Choosing the optimal configuration.

"Computer networks" - Mail connection. City networks. Internet connection types. Email. Bridged router. Session connection. Information retrieval systems of the Internet. Connectors. Network architecture. The main ways of organizing intercomputer communication. Music MIDI. Point-to-point topology. Network architectures. Emoticons. Connection of computers to the network. Computer network. Topology. Inexpensive way to connect to the internet.

"Network technologies" - Multi-terminal system. Weak software and hardware connections. Computing networks. The first network operating systems. The advantages of distributed systems. Multi-machine systems. Creation of personal computers. Multiprocessor systems. Types of links. Standard technologies. Modern network technologies. Principles of building computer networks. Evolution of computing systems. Network technologies.

"Computer communications" - Configuration (topology) of the local network. Some IP addresses are reserved for special use. File server. Types of protocols. First level domains. Query language syntax. How does a switch differ from a hub. A computer connected to the Internet. Network protocol. Network software. A group of computers linked by channels. Both simple and advanced queries. Services of global networks.

"Construction of telecommunication networks" - Principles of construction of telecommunication networks. Delivery service. City area. Prefixes. Networks have a building structure similar to the hierarchical structure of building a system. Open numbering system. Dialing code standards. Closed system. The principle of using core or core networks. Estimated loss rates. Incoming message nodes. Zonal network construction scheme. Numbering in telephone networks.

"Server architecture" - Two-tier architecture. Transaction manager. Client scripts. Distributed information system. Active server pages. Distributed application architecture. Complex of programs. Thin client. IT in e-commerce. Basic ASP. ASP Object Model. Mechanisms. Scheme. Implementation of client scripts. Transactions in HTTP. Java technology. Tasks of client and server scripts.

The basic functions of all email clients are accepting messages, ensuring that they are viewed offline, sorting messages, automating the creation of reply messages, and maintaining an address book.

1. Create an email

When preparing an email, the user prepares the text of the message and fills in a number of fields: "To", "Cc", etc. Information about the date of creation of the letter and the address of the sender's mailbox are entered automatically. The email program allows you to simplify the process of filling in these fields if you are replying to a letter. Features such as Reply, Reply All, and Redirect are especially handy. To create the text of an e-mail, a text editor is usually provided, which allows you to perform formatting operations, use the clipboard to copy fragments from existing documents, and select the text encoding. If the mail client supports HTML-format, then the possibilities of writing letters are significantly increased: you can use the built-in multimedia objects, voice and video messages.

1. Sort messages

For ease of storage and retrieval, the email client usually allows you to sort messages into logical folders. It should be noted that these are logical folders, not physical folders on your disk. It is incorrect to think of individual letters as separate files, since physically all letters are usually stored as a collection of records of some database contained in one or several files. And logical folders are filters that allow you to see a specific collection of records. As a result, you can sort your messages by sender, date of receipt, etc., as well as search for messages by various fields.

1. Receiving emails

Receiving emails is another basic email client function. After the mail client connects to the server, the received mail is copied to the local computer. When messages are received, your Internet connection can be terminated, and you can continue reading messages offline. Most email clients allow you to automatically redirect a received message to a new address.

When replying to a letter, a number of fields are filled in automatically. In particular, there is no need to type the recipient's address - just press the "Answer" button.

1. Email clients for all occasions

There are several hundred mail clients in the world for the Windows platform alone. A description of the functionality of specific programs is beyond the scope of this article, we will mention only the most common programs and indicate the addresses where they can be obtained.

Outlook Express is the world's most popular program included with Microsoft Office and Microsoft Internet Explorer. The program can be copied from the server for free http://www.microsoft.com/ ... Outlook Express has a wide range of functionalities, supports the IMAP protocol 3 .

For Russian-speaking users, I would like to recommend The Bat! - the famous product of Moldovan developers, - which can be found at http://www.ritlabs.com/ru/the_bat/ ... The Bat! Is a powerful email client. The product supports the Russian language, the interface is completely Russified. The program is easy to use and undemanding to resources.

3.2.6. Email

Basic concepts

The messaging system is one of the most accessible and demanded means of communication on the Internet and in local networks.

The essence of the mail system is as follows:

• open the mail application window;
• select the "Write a letter" mode;
• type the text of the letter;
• specify the recipient's address;
• specify the subject of the letter;
• select the command "Send immediately", i.e. put in a mailbox located on a mail server;
• the letter is picked up from the mailbox by the postal service and delivered to the addressee's mailbox.

Messaging is carried out through the interaction of two programs - mail server and mail client. Software - a mail server, installed, for example, at the provider, to receive mail over the Internet, or in the local network of the company for the exchange of messages between employees.

Mail clients are applications (for example, Outlook Express, Microsoft Outlook, The Bat) that are installed on users' computers that send or receive mail. All email clients have approximately the same interface, so it is enough to learn how to work with one of them.

To work with e-mail, you can use both mail clients and mail web interfaces, which are located on mail web servers. Using the web interface, you can work with mail directly on web mail servers. In terms of functionality, the web interface is as close as possible to mail programs.

WWW-based mail systems allow you to process mail messages on the Internet using a regular browser rather than an email program. They operate on a 2-in-1 basis, combining the functions of an email server and an email client.

The use of the web interface is advisable when you need to send or receive correspondence from different computers with access to the Internet.

In order to get access to work with e-mail, you need to create a mailbox on one of the mail servers.

To create a mailbox, you need to register on one of the mail servers.

To work with mail programs (mail clients), they must be installed on a PC. E-mail is based on two applications: Simple Mail Transport Protokol (SMTP) and Post Office Protokol 3 (Post Office Protokol 3) or Internet Message Access ProtocoI (lMAP4) - the latest version).

To be able to send or receive mail using mail clients, you must create at least one account. An account is a set of data about a mail server user (name, email address, password for connecting to the server, names of incoming and outgoing mail servers). The creation of accounts is carried out in the mail program that you are using.

E-mail address.

An email address has two parts, separated by the @ symbol. The characters that appear on the left side of the address (before the @ sign) are the recipient's name or the name of the mailbox, it often coincides with the username. The right side of the email address that follows the @ sign is the domain name of the mail server where the mailbox is located and messages are stored.

Outlook Express Mail Application

Outlook Express is a Windows mail program that is very easy to use.

With Outlook Express, you can:

• exchange e-mail messages;
• create and maintain an address book for storing email addresses;
• read and post to newsgroups.

After launching Outlook Express (Start / Programs / Outlook Express), the application window will appear on the screen, which is divided into three frames (three areas). The structure of system folders is displayed in the left pane, in the upper right pane - a list of letters contained in the selected system folder, in the lower right pane - the contents of the folder where the cursor is located.

Rice. one.

Purpose of system folders:

1. Inbox - messages received by mail are stored.
2. Outbox - stores messages intended to be sent, but not sent.
3. Sent - copies of sent messages are stored.
4. Deleted - contains messages deleted from all folders.
5. Drafts - contains messages in preparation.

Preparing messages

Urine preparation technology:

1. Open the window for creating a new message (Fig. 2) by executing the command: File / New, Mail message or click the New message button on the toolbar.
2. In the To field, enter the address of the recipient of the message. It is allowed to enter several addresses in the To field, separating them from each other with a semicolon.
3. In the Cc field, enter the addresses of the recipients of the copy of the message.
4. In the Subject field, enter a subject for the message.
5. Enter the required text in the field for entering the message text.
6. If necessary, attach a file to the message by clicking the Attach button on the toolbar, and in the Insert dialog box that opens, select the required file.
7. You can save the prepared message in the Drafts folder to edit it later. To do this, on the File menu, select the Save command. If the message does not require revision, you can place it in the Outbox folder so that it can be sent when the connection is established. To do this, execute File / Send or click the Send button on the toolbar of the message window.

Rice. 2.

Sending a message

To send and receive messages from the Outlook Express window, run the Service / Deliver mail, Deliver mail command. Outlook Express will connect to the Internet mail server, send the prepared message, and receive incoming mail. To read the message received at your address, go to the Inbox folder.

Message reply

You can use the received message when preparing the response to be sent by e-mail. To do this, place the cursor on the message to the recipient of which you want to prepare a reply, and click the Reply or Reply all button on the toolbar.

In both cases, a message window opens, in which the recipient's address is already indicated, the phrase Re and the subject of the incoming message are entered in the Subject field. The content of the original message has been copied into the new one. Enter your answer and send your message.

Forwarding a message

Microsoft Outlook Express allows you to forward a received message to someone else. To do this, place the cursor on the message and click the Forward button on the toolbar. A window will open containing the text of the original message. Enter the recipient's address, add your comments to the original text and send the message.