Check the maintenance of the motherboard without a processor. CMOS motherboard nutrition and memory

Many PC owners face different errors and failures in the computer, but cannot determine the cause of the problem. In this article, we will look at the main methods of diagnosing a computer that allow you to identify and eliminate various problems.

Please note that the quality diagnostics of the computer may take the whole day, highlight it in the morning specifically for this, and not start closer in the evening.

I warn you to write in detail as for beginners who have never disassembled a computer to prevent all possible nuances that can lead to problems.

1. Disassembly and cleaning of a computer

When disassembling and cleaning the computer, do not rush, do everything carefully to damage anything. Fold the components in the pre-prepared safe place.

Before cleaning, it is not advisable to start the diagnosis, since you cannot identify the cause of the fault if it is caused by clogging contacts or cooling system. In addition, it may not be possible to complete the diagnosis due to repeated failures.

Disconnect the system unit from the outlet at least 15 minutes before cleaning, in order to manage the capacitors to be discharged.

Disassemble in the following sequence:

1. Disconnect all wires from the system unit.
2. Remove both side lids.
3. Disconnect the power connectors from the video card and remove it.
4. Remove all memory planks.
5. Disconnect and remove the loops of all disks.
6. Unscrew and remove all the discs.
7. Disconnect all power supply cables.
8. Unscrew and remove the power supply.

Motherboard, processor cooler, housing fans are unnecessary, you can also leave a DVD drive if it works fine.

Gently blow the system unit and all components individually with a powerful flow of air from the vacuum cleaner without a dust bag.

Carefully remove the cover from the power supply and blow it, without touching the hands and metal parts to the electricians and the board, as in the capacitors there may be a voltage!

If your vacuum cleaner does not work on blowing, but only on blowing, it will be a little more difficult. Clean it well to pull it as much as possible. When cleaning, it is recommended to use a mild pile nozzle.

Also, to clean the naked dust, you can use a soft brush.

Carefully clean the radiator of the processor cooler, after considering where and how much he has been driving dust, as it is one of the frequent reasons for the overheating of the processor and PC failures.

Ensure that the mounting of the cooler did not break down, the clamp did not open and the radiator is reliably pressed to the processor.

Be careful when cleaning the fans, do not let them unwind and do not pick up a vacuum cleaner nozzle if it is without a brush, so as not to repel the blade.

At the end of cleaning, you do not rush to collect everything back, and go to the next steps.

2. Check the motherboard battery

First of all, after cleaning, then not to forget, I check the battery charge on the motherboard, and at the same time I discard the BIOS. In order to pull it out, you need to press a flat screwdriver on the latch in the direction indicated in the photo and it will pop up.

After that, it is necessary to measure its voltage by a multimeter, optimally if it is in the range of 2.5-3 V. Initial battery voltage 3 V.

If the battery voltage is below 2.5 V, then it is desirable to change it already. Voltage 2 V is critically low and the PC is already starting to collect, which is manifested in resetting BIOS settings and stops at the beginning of the PC load with a proposal to press F1 or some other key to continue the download.

If you do not have a multimeter, you can take a battery with you to the store and ask you to check or just buy a battery in advance for replacement, it is standard and completely inexpensive.

An explicit feature of the seed battery is the constantly moving date and time on the computer.

The battery needs to be changed in a timely manner, but if you don't have no replacement at your hand, then simply do not turn off the system unit from the power until you change the battery. In this case, the settings should not fly, but the problems can still occur, so do not tighten.

Battery Check Good Time for BIOS Full Reset. At the same time, not only the BIOS settings are reset, which can be done through the Setup menu, but also the so-called energy-dependent CMOS memory, in which the parameters of all devices (processor, memory, video card, etc.) are stored.

Errors B.CMOS. Often are the reasons for the following problems:

• the computer does not turn on
• turns on in time
• turns on and nothing happens
• turns on and off itself

I remind you that before resetting the BIOS, the system unit must be disconnected from the outlet, otherwise the CMOS will be filtered from the BP and nothing will work.

To reset the BIOS for 10 seconds, close the contacts or other metal objects in the battery connector, this is usually enough to discharge capacitors and complete CMOS cleaning.

A sign that the reset happened will be a confused date and time that will need to be installed in the BIOS with the nearest computer loading.

4. Visual inspection of components

Carefully inspect all capacitors on the motherboard for blinking and drills, especially in the field of processor socket.

Sometimes the capacitors do not take up, and down, which leads to their inclination as if they were just a little crammed or unevenly soldered.

If some condensers decide, then you need to give the motherboard as soon as possible to repair and ask for all the capacitors, including those that are next to the swollen.

Also, inspect the capacitors and other elements of the power supply, there should be no fluffs, drowshes, burning traces.

Inspect the disk contacts for oxidation.

They can be cleaned with erasing elastic and after that it is necessary to replace the loop or the power adapter that this disk was connected, as it is already spoiled and oxidation has most likely occurred because of it.

In general, check all the loops and connectors so that they are clean, with shiny contacts, connected tightly to the disks and the motherboard. All inappropriate loops must be replaced.

Check that the wires are connected from the front panel of the case to the motherboard.

It is important that polarity is observed (plus to the plus, minus to minus), since on the front panel there is a total mass and non-compliance with polarity will lead to a closure, because of which the computer can behave inadequately (turn on once, turn off or reboot once) .

Where plus and minus in the front panel contacts are indicated on the board itself, in the paper manual to it and in the electronic version of the manual on the manufacturer's website. On the contacts of wires from the front panel is also indicated where plus and minus. Usually the white wire is minus, and the plus connector can be denoted by a triangle on the plastic connector.

Many even experienced collectors admit a mistake here, so check.

5. Check power supply

If the computer has not turned on to cleaning at all, then do not hurry to collect it, the first thing you need to check the power supply. However, in any case, check the BP will not hurt, it can be due to it.

Check the power supply in a fully assembled form to avoid shock, closure, or random fan breakdown.

To check the power supply, close the only green wire in the motherboard connector with any black. This will give a power to the power supply that it is connected to the motherboard, otherwise it will not turn on.

Then turn on the power supply into the power filter and click on it. Do not forget that the power / off button can also be on the power supply itself.

An indication of the power supply includes a spinning fan. If the fan does not spin, it may be out of order and need to be replaced.

In some silent power blocks, the fan can start spinning not immediately, but only under load, it is normal and can be checked during the operation of the PC.

Measure the voltage multimeter between the contacts in the connectors for the peripheral devices.

They must be approximately the following range.

• 12 V (yellow-black) - 11.7-12.5 in
• 5 V (red-black) - 4.7-5.3 in
• 3.3 V (orange-black) - 3.1-3.5 in

If there is no voltage or extends greatly to the specified boundaries, then the power supply is faulty. It is best to replace it with a new one, but if the computer itself is inexpensive, then repair is allowed, the BP can be easily and inexpensive.

Running the power supply and normal voltages are a good sign, but in itself does not yet mean that the power supply is good, since failures can occur due to drawdowns or tension pulsation under load. But this is already determined at subsequent stages of testing.

6. Checking power contacts

Be sure to check all electrical contacts from the socket to the system unit. The socket must be modern (under the European fork), reliable and not squealing, with clean elastic contacts. The same requirements are presented to the network filter and cable from the power supply of the computer.

Contact must be reliable, forks and connectors should not hang out, spawn or be oxidized. Pay attention to this close attention, since bad contact is often the cause of the failure of the system unit, monitor and other peripheral devices.

If you have a suspicion as a socket, a network filter, a system block power cable or monitor, then you change them as quickly as possible to avoid the failure of the computer. Do not tighten and do not save on it, since the repair of a PC or monitor will cost much more expensive.

Also bad contact is often the cause of PCs, which are accompanied by a sudden disconnection or reboot with subsequent hard disk failures and as a result of a violation of the operating system.

Still failures can occur due to phases or voltage pulsations in the network of 220 V, especially in the private sector and remote areas of the city. In this case, the failures can occur even when the computer is idle. Try to measure the voltage in the outlet immediately after spontaneously disconnect or restart the computer and watch the testimony for some time. So you can reveal long-term drawdowns, will save from which linear interactive UPS with a stabilizer.

7. Build and enable computer

After cleaning and inspection, PCs gently collect it and carefully check that they have connected everything you need. If the computer before cleaning refused to be turned on or turned on in times, it is desirable to connect components in turn. If there were no such problems, then skip the next section.

7.1. Phased assembly of PC

First, connect the motherboard and processor power supply connector to the motherboard. Do not insert the RAM, the video card and do not connect the discs.

Turn on the PC power and if everything is fine with the motherboard, the fan of the processor cooler must be screwed. Also, if the motherboard is connected to the motherboard, it usually sounds the sound code indicating the absence of RAM.

Memory installation

Turn off the computer short or (if it does not work) with a long pressing of the power button on the system unit and insert one line of RAM into the color slot closest to the processor. If all the slots of the same color, then simply to the nearest processor.

Ensure that the memory bar is inserted smoothly until the locks are lacked, otherwise it may be damaged when the PC is turned on.

If a computer started with one memory bar and there is a squeaker, it usually sounds the code that signals that there is no video card (if there is no integrated graphics). If the audio code signals problems with the RAM, then try insert another bar on the same place. If the problem continues or another strap is not, then rearrange the bar into another closest slot. If there are no sounds, then it is possible everything is fine, continue on.

Turn off the computer and paste the second memory bar in the slot of the same color. If on the motherboard 4 slots of one color, then follow the instructions for the motherboard, so that the memory stood in the slots recommended for the two-channel mode. After that, turn on and check whether the PC is turned on and what sound signals make up.

If you have 3 or 4 memory bar, then just insert them in turn, turn off each time and including PCs. If a computer does not start with some kind of bar, or gives the sound error code, it means that this plank is faulty. You can also check the motherboard slots, rearring the working bar into different slots.

On some motherboard there is a red indicator that glows in case of memory malfunctions, and sometimes a segment indicator with error code, the decoding of which is in the manual to the motherboard.

If the computer starts, then further memory tests occurs already on another stage.

Installation of the video card

It's time to check the video card by inserting it into the top slot PCI-E X16 (or AGP for old PCs). Do not forget to connect additional power to the video card with the corresponding connectors.

A computer should start normally with a video card, without sound signals, or with a single sound signal indicating the normal passage of self-testing.

If the PC does not turn on or makes a visual video card error code, it means it is likely to be faulty. But do not rush with conclusions, sometimes you just need to connect the monitor and keyboard.

Connecting monitor

Turn off the PC and plug the monitor to the video card (or the motherboard if there is no video card). Make sure the connector to the video card and the monitor is connected tightly, sometimes tight connectors are not up to the end, which causes the absence of an image on the screen.

Turn on the monitor and make sure that it is selected the correct signal source (the connector to which the PC is connected if there are several of them).

Turn on the computer and a graphic screen saver and motherboard text messages should appear on the screen. Usually this offer to go to the BIOS by key F1, the message about the absence of a keyboard or boot devices is normal.

If the computer silently turns on, but there is nothing on the screen, most likely something is wrong with the video card or monitor. A video card can be checked only by rearring on a working computer. The monitor can be connected to another working PC or device (laptop, player, tyuer, etc.). Do not forget to choose the desired signal source in the monitor settings.

Connecting keyboard and mouse

If everything is fine with the video card and the monitor, then go further. In turn, connect the keyboard first, then the mouse, turn off and including PC each time. If the computer freezes after connecting the keyboard or mouse, then they require a replacement - it happens!

Connecting disk

If the computer starts with the keyboard and the mouse, you begin to connect hard drives in turn. First connect the second disk without the operating system (if any).

Do not forget that in addition to connecting the interface loop to the motherboard, you also need to connect the connector from the power supply.

After that, turn on the computer and if it comes to the BIOS messages, it means everything is fine. If the PC does not turn on, it hangs or turns off itself, then the controller of this disk has failed and it is necessary to change it or carry it to rescue data.

Turn off the computer and connect the DVD drive (if any) interface loop and power supply. If there are problems after that, it means the drive fails for nutrition and needs to be changed, it usually does not make sense.

At the end, connect the main system disk and prepare for the input in the BIOS for the initial setting before starting the operating system. Turn on the computer and if everything is fine, go to the next step.

When you first turn on the computer, go to the BIOS. Usually, the Delete key is used for this, less frequently (F1, F2, F10 or ESC), which is specified in the prompts at the beginning of the download.

On the first tab, set the date and time, and on the BOOT tab, select your hard disk with the operating system on the Boot.

On old motherlis with classic BIOS it may look like this.

On more modern with the graphic shell of UEFI a little differently, but the meaning is the same.

To exit bios while saving the settings, press F10. Do not be distracted and trace how the operating system is fully loaded to notice possible problems.

Upon completion of the PC download, check whether the fans of the processor cooler work, the power supply and the video card, otherwise further testing does not make sense.

Some modern video cards may not include fans until a certain temperature of the video chip is reached.

If any of the case fans does not work, then it is not scary, just plan to replace it in the near future, do not be distracted by it now.

8. Analysis of errors

Here, in essence, diagnosis begins, and everything described was only the preparation, after which many problems could leave and without it began to start testing did not make sense.

8.1. Turning on memory dumps

If in the process of the computer, blue death screens appeared (BSOD), it can significantly facilitate the identification of malfunction. The prerequisite for this is the presence of memory dumps (or at least emnce-written error codes).

To check or enable dump recording functions, press the keyboard with the keyboard key "Win + R", enter the "SYSDM.CPL" string that appears and press OK or ENTER.

In the window that appears, go to the "Advanced" tab and in the "Download and Recovery" section, click the "Parameters" button.

In the "Recording Information" field, the "Small memory dump" should be.

If so, then you must have additional errors in the folder "C: \\ Windows \\ minidump".

If this option was not turned on, then the dumps were not saved, enable it at least now for the ability to analyze errors if they are repeated.

Memory dumps may not have time to be created during serious failures with a reboot or turn off PC. Also, some system cleaning utilities and antiviruses can delete them, you must disable the system cleaning function at the diagnostic time.

If the dumps in the specified folder are there, then go to their analysis.

8.2. Analysis of memory dumps

To analyze memory dumps in order to identify the fact that it leads to failures there is a wonderful "BlueScreenView" utility, which you can download in the section "" with other Diagnostic utilities.

This utility shows the files in which the failure occurred. These files belong to the operating system, device drivers or any program. Accordingly, according to the file affiliation, you can determine which device or software has become a fault.

If you can't download the computer in normal mode, then try to boot in a safe, pressing the "F8" key immediately after the graphic screen saver or BIOS text messages disappear.

Burn the dumps and see what files most often appear as a fear of failure, they are highlighted in a red background. Right-click on one of these files and view its properties (Properties).

In our case, it is easy to determine that the file refers to the "NVIDIA" video card driver and most of the errors were caused to them.

In addition, in some daspaes appeared the file "dxgkrnl.sys", even from the name of which it is clear that it refers to the DirectX directly associated with 3D graphics. So, it is most likely that in the fault of the video card, which is to be thoroughly tested that we will also consider.

In the same way, it is possible to determine that the fault of the failure is the sound card, a network card, a hard disk or some kind of program deeply sealing to the anti-virus type system. For example, if the disk fails, the controller driver will be collapsed.

If you cannot determine which driver or the program includes one or another file, then look for this information on the Internet by file name.

If the failures occur in the sound card driver, most likely it failed. If it is integrated, you can turn it off through the BIOS and install another discrete. The same can be said about the network card. However, network failures can be called, which often decides to update the network card driver and connecting to the Internet via router.

In any case, do not make hasty conclusions until the complete end of diagnosis, maybe you will simply feature Windows or climbed the virus, which is solved by reinstalling the system.

Also in the "BlueScreenView" utility you can see error codes and inscriptions that were on the blue screen. To do this, go to the Options menu and select the View "Blue Screen In XP Style" or press the "F8" key.

After that, switching between errors, you will see how they looked on a blue screen.

On the error code, it is also possible to find a possible reason for the problem on the Internet, but it is easier to make files easier and more reliable. To return to the previous view, you can use the "F6" key.

If in errors all the time appear different files and various error codes, then this is a sign of possible problems with the RAM, in which everything collapses. We are subjected to diagnostics in the first place.

9. Testing RAM

Even if you think that the problem is not in the RAM, anyway check it first. Sometimes a place has several problems, and if the RAM fails, then the rest is quite difficult to diagnose because of the frequent PC failures.

Conducting the memory test from the boot disk is a prerequisite, as you get accurate results in the Windows operating system on the PC failed one.

In addition, Hiren's BootCD contains several alternative memory tests, in case "MemTest 86+" will not start and many more useful utilities for hard drives test, video memory, etc.

Download the image "Hiren's BootCD" you can there where everything else is in the "" section. If you do not know how to record such an image on a CD or DVD disc, refer to the article where we viewed, everything is done just here.

Configure the BIOS to download from a DVD drive or use "Boot Menu" as described in, boot from the "Hiren's BootCD" disk and run "Memtest 86+".

Testing can last from 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the speed and volume of RAM. One full passage should be completed and the test will go on the second circle. If everything is fine with memory, then after the first pass (PASS 1) errors should be (Errors 0).

After that, testing can be interrupted using the "ESC" key and the computer will reboot.

If there were errors, you will have to test each bar individually, removing all the others to determine which one is broken.

If the battles are still on warranty, then take a photo from the screen using a camera or smartphone and present to the store warranty department or service center (although in most cases it is not necessary).

In any case, use a PC with a bat memory and further diagnostics before it is not advisable, as various incomprehensible errors will be painted.

10. Preparation for tests of components

Everything else, except for RAM, is tested from under Windows. Therefore, to eliminate the impact of the operating system on test results, it is advisable to do, if necessary, temporarily and the most.

If it is difficult for you or not time, you can try to test on the old system. But if the failures occur due to problems in the operating system, some driver, program, virus, antivirus (i.e., in the software part), then iron testing will not help it determine and you can go on a false path. And on a clean system you will have the opportunity to see how the computer behaves and completely eliminate the influence of the program component.

Personally, I always do everything as it should be from beginning to end as described in this article. Yes, it takes the whole day, but you may be inflamed by my advice, you can beat weeks and without determining the reason for the problem.

Faster and easier to test the processor, unless certainly there are clear signs that the problem say in the video card, which we will talk about.

If your computer starts to slow down after a turn on, it hangs when viewing the video, in games, it is suddenly rebooted or turned off under load, that is, the probability of overheating processor. In fact, this is one of the most frequent causes of such problems.

At the cleaning and visual inspection stage, you had to make sure that the processor cooler was not clogged with dust, its fan rotates, and the radiator is reliably pressed to the processor. I also hope that you did not remove it when cleaning, as it requires a replacement of the thermal paste, what else will I say about.

"CPU-Z" We will use for a stress test with processor warming, and "Hwinfo" to monitor its temperature. Although, it is better to use the motherboard branded utility for monitoring the temperature, it is more accurate. For example, ASUS is "PC Probe".

To begin with, it would be nice to know the most allowable thermal package of your processor (T Case). For example, for my Core i7-6700K is 64 ° C.

You can find it by clicking on the manufacturer's website from the online search. This critical temperature in the heat distributor (under the processor lid), the maximum allowable manufacturer. Do not confuse it with the kernel temperature, which is usually higher and also displayed in some utilities. Therefore, we will focus on the temperature of the core on the processor sensors, but on the total temperature of the processor according to the testimony of the motherboard.

In practice, for most older processors, the critical temperature is higher than which failures begin, is 60 ° C. The most modern processors can operate at 70 ° C, which is also critical for them. The real stable temperature of its processor can be obtained from tests on the Internet.

So, we launch both utilities - "CPU-Z" and "Hwinfo", we find the processor temperature sensor (CPU) in the motherboard indicators, run the test in the "CPU-Z" button with the "Stress CPU" button and observe the temperature.

If after 10-15 minutes of the test, the temperature is 2-3 degrees below the critical for your processor, then nothing to worry about. But, if there were a malfunction at high load, it is better to drive this test 30-60 minutes. If during the testing process, there will be freezing or rebooting the PC, then you should think about improving cooling.

Please note that much depends on the temperature in the room, it is possible that in the coolest conditions the problem will not appear, but in the more hot, it will immediately be felt. So always need cooling with a margin.

In case of overheating of the processor, check whether your cooler matches. If not, then you need to change it, no tricks will help here. If the cooler is quite powerful, but it does not cope a little, then it should be changed to the thermal chaser for a more efficient, at the same time the cooler itself may be more successful.

From inexpensive, but very good thermal paste, I can recommend ARTIC MX-4.

It is necessary to apply it with a thin layer, pre-removing the old paste dry and then moistened in a wool alcohol.

Replacing the thermal paste will give you a win in 3-5 ° C, if this is not enough, then simply save the body fans, at least the most inexpensive.

14. Disc testing

This is the longest stage after the test of the RAM, so I prefer to leave it in finally. To begin with, you can spend the speed test of all disks using the HDTune utility to which I give ". It sometimes helps to identify hang when accessing the disk, which indicates problems with it.

See the SMART parameters where the "disc health" is displayed, there should not be red rows and the overall status of the disk should be "OK".

The list of the main SMART parameters and for what they answer can be downloaded in the "" section.

A complete surface test can be made using the same utilities from under Windows. The process can take 2-4 hours depending on the volume and speed of the disk (somewhere 1 hour for every 500 MB). Upon completion of the test, there should be no single block block that are highlighted in red.

The presence of such a block is a unambiguous sentence for the disk and 100% warranty case. Faster save your data and change the disc, just do not speak in the service that you dropped a laptop

You can check the surface of both conventional hard drives (HDD) and solid-state drives (SSD). The last truth does not have no surface, but if the HDD or SSD disk will hang every time during the inspection, then the electronics will most likely fail - you need to change or repair (the latter is unlikely).

If you can't make a disk diagnostics from under Windows, the computer will fail or hangs, then try to do this using the "MHDD" utility from the Hiren's BootCD boot disk.

Problems with the controller (electronics) and the disk surface lead to windows with errors in the operating system, short-term and complete computer hangs. Usually these are messages about the impossibility of reading a particular file and error message appeal.

Such errors can be taken for problems with the RAM, while the disk can be fault. Before panicing, try to update the disk controller driver or on the contrary, return the native Windows driver as described in.

15. Testing optical drive

To test the optical drive, it is usually enough just to record a disc with verification. For example, using the Astroburn program, it is in the "" section.

After recording a disk with a message about successful verification, try completely copying its contents on another computer. If the disk reads and the drive reads other discs (with the exception of poorly readable), it means everything is fine.

From the problems with the drive, with which I encountered, these electronics malfunctions, which completely hung or not allowed to turn on the computer, breakdown the retractable mechanism, pollution of the laser head lens and the head failure as a result of improper cleaning. In most cases, everything is solved by replacing the drive, the benefit of them is inexpensive and even if several years have not been used, die from dust.

16. Checking the housing

The housing is also sometimes breaking, the button is hired, then the wiring from the front panel will fall off, then it will be closed in the USB connector. This can all lead to an unpredictable PC behavior and is solved by a thorough inspection, cleaning, tester, soldering iron and other infrident means.

The main thing is that nothing does not have anything, which may indicate the non-working light or the connector. If you doubt, disconnect all the wires from the front panel of the case and try to work at the computer for some time.

17. Check Motherboard

Often checking the motherboard is reduced to check all components. If all components are individually working normally and pass tests, the operating system is reinstalled, but the computer will still fail, it is possible in the motherboard. And here I will not help you, to diagnose it and reveal the problem with a chipset or a processor socket for only an experienced electronics.

The exception is the departure of a sound or network card, which is solved by disconnecting them in the bios and the installation of individual extension boards. In the motherboard, you can overpass capacitors, but let's say the replacement of the northern bridge, as a rule, it is not advisable, as it is expensive and there are no guarantees, it is better to immediately buy a new motherboard.

18. If nothing helps

Of course, it is always better to independently detect the problem and determine the best way to solve, as some unscrupulous repairmen strive to hover your noodles on the ears and trim three skins.

But it may be that you do all the recommendations, but you will not be able to determine the problem, I had it. In this case, the case is more often in the motherboard or in the power supply, maybe there is a microcracy in the textolite and it makes it possible to felt about himself.

In this case, nothing can be done, carry the entire system unit into more or less well a proven computer firm. No need to wear components in parts, if you are not sure what's the matter, so the question will never decide. Let them disassemble, especially if the computer is still on warranty.

Specialists of a computer store usually do not climb, they have many different components, they just change something and watch the problem went away, so quite quickly and simply eliminating the problem. Also, they have enough time to carry out tests.

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The motherboard is the basis on which the system is built. Of course, without a central processing and power supply, it will not work in any way, but still considered the "blood system" PC. As with any other component, some problems can also occur with the board. And many are very upset when the platform fails, because the purchase of a new one can lead to hardware incompatibility of components.

If malfunctions happen, you immediately need to think about how to check the motherboard. Perhaps you will independently be able to correct some defects. In addition, many problems may not even be noticeable to inexperienced users.

What is needed for diagnostics?

Some want to know whether it is possible to check the motherboard without a processor. Immediately answer that without this component is allowed to diagnose. But without a power supply, it will not work out.

CPU, GPU and BP are components that most often fail. It is because of them that many begin to check the performance of the board. This applies to the power supply, which is important to learn how to choose that the system worked stably.

Before checking

Motherboard for performance? First of all, it is necessary to examine it carefully. But before that, connect the power supply to it. If you have one of the latest models, then you will find a toggle switch on it, which in the assembled PC state is on the rear panel of the system unit.

If the card is an old sample, you will need to "fold" to connect it. You have to close a few contacts. To do this, find out the board model and find ways to connect it without a button.

If the component is working, light bulb will light up on it. Red or green LED indicator is placed on one of the edges of the device. Therefore, it will be necessary to inspect the platform carefully.

Visual inspection

How to check the motherboard? If the indicator has not caught fire, and you understand that with a fee of some problems, you will need to reveal them. To do this, you will have to carefully examine and, perhaps, even sniff a fee (to identify burnt sections). What should pay attention to?

• scratches on the component;
• condition of capacitors;
• extra details;
• deformed elements and connectors;
• pollution;
• bios battery.

External damage

It knows not everyone, but it is easy to guess that the first thing you need to explore it. If you notice some scratches or cracks, it means that the device's performance is already under threat. Even the most minor scratches can harm both the board and the system. This is due to the fact that contact lines are intertwined between themselves and pass through the entire textolit. If at least one millimeter of this space is broken, there will be a failure.

Condencators

Elements of power are most often susceptible to various malfunctions. The swelling of the capacitors is a common problem that may occur both with a motherboard and with a power supply. And in one, and in another case, the problem says that something happened to the fee.

Capacitors are similar to cylindrical turrets. They are easy to notic, although they have significantly decreased over the past few years. How to understand what they swelled? Well, first, not all at once, so you will notice the difference in their appearance and can compare. At the sweat, the element loses its cylindrical shape and some deformation is noticeable. The external coverage of the part is also disturbed.

What if such a problem has been discovered? You can attribute a fee to the service center, where you will change capacitors for workers. There is also an option to do it yourself. To do this, you will need to purchase new details on the radio machine and replace damaged.

It is important to understand that over time it may be necessary to once again figure out how to check the motherboard for performance, since such a procedure does not guarantee.

Extra details and deformation

If there may be something to happen to the capacitors, it means that other details can come to unsuitability. It is necessary to inspect the fee for the presence or absence of some details. If something is missing, you will notice it almost immediately. You may find on the board a slice piece of one of the details of the device. In this case, it becomes clear that some element works defective.

You also need to inspect the device for deformations. For example, one of the contacts can be unnaturally curved in the other direction and you will notice the trail along which it should be located. It may be that contacts of one of the slots are broken or deformed. All this accurately affects the performance of the system.

In this case, you can hardly take anything. It is desirable to attribute such a fee to the service center, where experts will be able to "make a diagnosis" and determine the further fate of the device.

Cleaning

How to check your computer motherboard? In the case of visual inspection, much can say the pollution of the platform. The fact is that few users pay a lot of attention to cleaning the computer. Because of this, there is a lot of mistakes and failures.

It is necessary to monitor not only the purity of the cooling system and the power supply, but also for the motherboard. Some small hairs and dust can prevent the operation of some contacts. And if all slices of dirt are noticeable on the board, it means that it is necessary to seriously do it cleaning.

Immediately it should be noted that it is impossible to use the synthetics due to its static properties. It is recommended to use compressed air (no more than 3.4 atmosphere). This is the most secure option that does not force the user to touch the contacts and other connections to the fingers.

For thorough cleaning, you need to use a soft brush. It needs to work in those places where dust accumulates most of all: power supplies, fans, air intakes and radiators.

Reset

How to check whether working motherboard? Sometimes not enough procedures described above. It may be that performance is suspended due to the system failure. Users note that often the board started to work actively after resetting the settings. What do I need to do?

On the motherboard there is a BIOS battery. It is very similar to the one that is used in wristwatches, only large sizes. The battery is responsible for all computer settings.

To begin with, you can try to get it. Do not try to pick it up with appliant means. Next to the connector there is a lever that easily pulls the battery. Wait 5-10 minutes and again install it in the slot. After resetting the settings, the system may earn again.

Why did the system crash happened? Some inexperienced users and bowls of overclocking can harm the system with their experiments. In order not to have critical situations, BIOS protects the system and blocks its work. After reset, everyone will return to the initial parameters.

If the board refuses to respond to any commands, try replacing the battery. If a poor-quality battery was installed on the motherboard, he could be confused his entire charge for the year. Due to the fact that the battery is discharged, the fee does not turn on. Find the label on the battery and purchase the same new one.

Output

How to check the motherboard, know a few. If you do not have enough knowledge, it is better not to experiment yourself. In the service center, experts themselves diagnose the breakdown and advise what to do next. If you still have enough knowledge and experience, you can conduct the procedures described above, but it is not a fact that the breakdown can be visually diagnosed or fixed by resetting the settings. Perhaps you will need a speaker that will indicate the problem by the sounds.

Very often, many owners of Laptop are worried about how to find out the motherboard on a laptop. This information is necessary when replacing the equipment, installing new components or even when you try to independently flash the primary I / O systems of BIOS and UEFI. The search for solutions of some users is clearly puzzled. Meanwhile, there is nothing particularly difficult here, and it is used to use such data to be completely different methods, including own means of operating systems, specialized diagnostic programs and online resources of manufacturers of this type of equipment. Consider some of them.

How to find out the motherboard model on laptop the simplest way

The most primitive, however, is not the best method that many have accustomed to enjoy, is to disassemble the device yourself, after which it is easy to look at the product labeling. Yes, it looks simple, however, in the process of disassembling laptop, you need to be extremely careful, because we can damage some important components and the most "motherboard", and equipment installed on it. Therefore, it is better to use software methods.

Information about the manufacturer and model of the laptop in the command prompt

To obtain brief information about the manufacturer and model, use the command console tools. And for a start, let's see how to find out on a laptop. To do this, in the console, which is absolutely optional to run with the administrator rights (call it in Windows 10, through the PCM on the start button or in the "Run" menu, enter the CMD reduction), you need to enter the WMic Baseboard Get Manufacturer command, after which the necessary information will appear.

Similarly, you can simply find out the model of your own laptop, speaking the WMic Baseboard Get Product string. Please note that it is really about very brief information. For more information, using this technique to find out. However, Windows has more sufficient funds.

Using system information

The system information is perhaps one of the most interesting tools that are able to issue information throughout the hardware and software installed in the computer (laptop). How to find out your motherboard on a laptop?

To do this, in the program execution console (Win + R) you need to enter a reduction in MSINFO32, and then go to the main partition and look at the manufacturer and the model of the device you are interested in. The inconvenience of this method is that sometimes the manufacturer can be specified, but the model number or number of the model will not be available. How to find out what motherboard on a laptop, in such a situation? To do this, you can use another tool - information of the DirectX platform dialog.

Getting information using the DirectX dialog

To call a dialog, you should use the same menu "Run" and register the dxdiag command in it, after which a window with multiple tabs will appear. By default, the first includes a general information tab, which should be used.

There will also be few information here, however, there can be a manufacturer among them, and the laptop model (it will be listed in the computer name field).

Using third-party software

As you can see, in the main information look far from complete, but many users need some additional information. Unfortunately, the Windows Systems cannot be provided. You can, of course, use the BIOS parameters, but it will not give this complete picture. Thus, speaking, how to find out the motherboard on a laptop, the optimal solution to obtain the most detailed information will be the use of third-party diagnostic utilities. For example, programs like AIDA64 and SPEECY have proven not bad. But the first application is paid and gives too many parameters in which the unreleased user can simply do not understand.

But the second program has a clearly friendly interface and provides basically only basic indicators, despite some extended data. But they will be lost enough in them. Everything is simple and concise!

Equipment identification on manufacturers sites

Another decision related to how to find out the motherboard on a laptop is to use the Internet resources of laptop manufacturers. For example, on the official website of the Dell corporation, even if you definitely do not know the nomenclature name of your own model, on the main page of the support service, you can press a special "Determine PC" button or immediately go to the diagnostic section. In any case, it will be prompted to download the Special Supportassist client utility in the form of an executable file to be saved on the hard disk at any convenient location. After saving the file, you need to run on behalf of the administrator and wait until the application completes the installation of the necessary components.

After the start of the main applet, it will be possible to either make a full scan of "iron" (and even with identifying possible problems in its operation), or simply bring the cursor to the field on the right above, after which a brief information will appear, which includes special service codes for which and You can get the necessary information.

How to find out the motherboard number on a laptop using an Intel equipment detector

However, the above method describes a somewhat difficult, and not every user can figure it out. Therefore, let's on the laptop using a similar software product from Intel. The program in the form of a single executable SSU.EXE file must be downloaded from the company's official website, and then launch a portable application and mark items to scan hardware. How to find out your motherboard on a laptop in this program? Nothing complicated!

Simply check the corresponding item in the menu (Motherboard) located in the central part of the window, and then click the Scan button (SCAN).

At the end of the test, the name of the manufacturer and boards will appear in the results window. If you wish, in the third step, the verification can be used to the support service to eliminate possible problems in the operation of the laptop hardware (redirect will be made directly to the required partition of the official resource, which will open in the new tab in the browser installed in the main default system).

What to use best?

As you can see, the methods used to obtain information about all components of the computer system are completely different. However, if you approach the consideration of user actions from a practical point of view, of course, the easiest way to use special narrow-controlled software, which will give a maximum of information on the user you are interested in, which can be useful and with additional configuration of devices or even during the acceleration of central or graphic processors.

If you have turned on the computer does not want to work adequately, that is, the blind "blue screens", or is constantly rebooted, then you have an occasion to check the performance of your motherboard. But how to do that? There are two options:

1) attribute a computer to the service and pay for the diagnosis;
2) Check the motherboard for performance itself.

Plus the first option is that in the service you will definitely tell you exactly the problem (perhaps, not even in the motherboard or not only in it). A minus two: first, you pay money for the diagnosis, and secondly, you will never learn to solve computer problems yourself. Therefore, we will consider the second option to solve the problem, that is, the independent diagnosis of the motherboard. So!

To determine whether the motherboard is really to blame, and not some other node, it is necessary to do the following manipulations:

1) Turn off the computer from the network. Then, disconnect from the motherboard the following cables: mouse, speakers, keyboard and, if there is, LPT cord. We only leave a network cable and a monitor cable (for "kettles": a network cable is not an Internet cable, but a cable for which is powered by a computer. It is black and connected to the power supply through the connector on the rear wall of the system unit);

2) Now remember this detail: how long have you changed the battery on the motherboard? If you have never changed a pair-triple computer to your computer, then definitely replace (the fact is that the voltage in the battery must be at least 2.9 V);

3) Now you have to reset the CMOS. To do this, remove the battery from the socket, wait a couple of minutes and insert it back;

4) Now remove all the boards from the slots, leaving only a processor and speaker on the motherboard;

5) We launch the computer and listen: if after the start speaker issued a characteristic squeak, you can breathe with relief: the motherboard is alive and healthy, if not, then ... Well, you yourself understand;

6) But this is not all: if the motherboard is alive, then you need to find out exactly which node is defective. To do this, take turns Start inserting fees into place. The order is this:

6.1. RAM (if the speaker has changed a squeak, then the RAM is seen by the system and it is very good);
6.2. video card;
6.3. And so on, as long as you define a malfunction. As a rule, with a defective node, the speaker makes out of a long squeak.

This only at first glance it seems that everything described in the article is intended for more experienced users. Believe, friends, it is not! Everything is very simple, the main thing is to accurately perform the algorithm.
On this I say goodbye to you. See you in new articles!

Greetings to all your readers! Today you will learn how to check your motherboard for performance. You may have encountered a situation where your device (laptop, computer) starts often unexpectedly interrupt operation (launching a blue screen), to issue some errors, badly load, or even stopped responding to start-up attempts. If this is your case, then in no hurry to upset and think about what you will now have to look for a service center and spend money and time for repairs.

In the proposed article I will try to help you independently solve this problem. To do this, you will need to diagnose such an important element of the computer as a motherboard, because it is in it that a solution can be concluded. Do not worry about the fact that you are not enough knowledge or experience in solving such a task.

I will try to explain an accessible language what and how to do. Also for diagnostics may need: a working unit of the power supply, a multimeter and speaker. And let's start with the definition of the main technical concept.

What is the motherboard?

The motherboard is the main element of the computer's system unit, which is connected and with which all other elements are connected. Thus, it is a link between the entire system that interacts the elements included in this system. Schematically it looks like this:

But a visual example:

What does the diagnosis begins?

The first and necessary phase of diagnostics is the visual inspection of the state of the motherboard. We have to identify the presence of visible damage on its surface. To do this, remove the lid of the system unit and see directly on the motherboard. The first thing to pay attention to is whether electrolytic capacitors do not bloat (as shown in the figure).

If so, you will have to change the whole board (the case will not be replaced by individual capacitors). If the fishes did not find it, go to the further inspection.

Carefully inspect other electrical elements for the presence of darkening on their surface and broken inscriptions (shown in the figure).

Next step - Check motherboard

Now we have to check the board power supply system. To do this, you will turn on the power supply and see if the light diode will turn on directly on the motherboard (shown in the figure).

The lack of light suggests that there is a problem with food access. In this case, the power supply can be faulty, the computer's turning button, or the material of the motherboard. You can replace the power supply and a board yourself, and the button will help you set up a specialist. If the LED is working, go to the next step.

Third Step - Bios Battery Check

This step is to check the CMOS memory (element located in the motherboard itself). Power supply to this element is carried out using a battery (CR2032, or CR2025). To do this, pull the battery and with the help of a multimeter measure its voltage. The norm is the magnitude of the order of 3B.

If the multimeter indicators do not correspond to the norm, you should replace the battery. If no problem was revealed again, go to step number four.

Fourth Step

We will do a more detailed test by turning off the components connected to it from the motherboard, and we will try to find out if there is no problem in some of them. To do this, disconnect all connectors (RAM, video card), except the central processor and nutrition. After that, you will turn on the power supply and speaker to the network and click the computer's power button.

If the motherboard is working, you must hear one short and one long speaker signal, which indicates a malfunction of RAM and indirectly indicates that the board is all in order. If the speaker is silent, then the motherboard is defective. In this case, it will have to be replaced.

Next, connect RAM modules and listen to the speaker again. If the RAM is properly, you will hear one long and two short signals. This indicates that the malfunction is possible in the video card.

We repeat the procedure, only this time by connecting the video card and the monitor. If all is well, then you will hear one signal in the speaker and see the BIOS screensaver on the monitor. If not, the problem is in the video card. However, the signal may be absent, and the video card will also be proper. This can happen if the central processor has a built-in graphical core (it is possible to determine its availability in the instruction manual, or on the manufacturer's website).

How to check your motherboard for performance - video

So, we disassemble all the necessary steps on self-diagnosis of your motherboard and how to check the motherboard for performance. If you have not managed to identify any problems, you have only one step - contact the service center. However, I hope that my article will still be useful and accessible, and the presented recommendations will help you do without contacting specialists. Wish you luck!