Spelled crispbread fitness. What is spelt, how is it different from other cereals and how is it eaten? Where and how does it grow

In the modern world, an increasing number of people are striving for a healthy lifestyle, the basis of which is rational nutrition. Interest in environmentally friendly, natural and healthy products is growing exponentially.

Such food includes cereals, the oldest representative of which is spelled. Its grains were discovered by archaeologists on the territory of the Ararat mountain range and modern Bulgaria, Poland, and Sweden. The earliest finds date back to the 11th-5th millennium BC.

What it is? Spelled is a group of wheat species characterized by brick-red hulled grain and brittle spikelets. Undemanding to climate and cultivation conditions, the culture is the progenitor of modern durum wheat varieties.

Spelled wheat contains up to 37% proteins, including 18 essential amino acids. Cereal dishes have the finest nutty flavor, delicate aroma and are unique dietary dishes that are useful for both adults and kids.

Nutritionists all over the planet claim that this type of wheat has unique therapeutic properties, and chefs of world cuisines are happy to prepare a huge number of dishes from cereal, from bread from its flour, cereals, soups to air creams, intricate sauces and light crackers. Let's understand the topic together: "What is spelled and what useful qualities does this product have?".

Spelled goes well with meat, fish, mushrooms, vegetables, vegetable oils and oils of animal origin, most spices, spices and aromatic herbs.

It should be noted that for the cultivation of spelled, which is undemanding to the soil composition, synthetic fertilizers are not used, which makes the product safe and environmentally friendly.

The benefits and harms of spelled for the body

The main advantage of spelt is the presence in the grains of unthreshed flowering and spikelet flakes, which contain all the phytonutrients necessary for the body to work. Due to the film coating, spelled grains are much more difficult to grind into flour than seeds of hard and soft varieties.

Due to the low concentration of gluten in whole grains, the product can be included in the diet of patients with individual gluten intolerance - celiac disease (after consultation with a specialist observing you).

Compared to regular wheat and other refined grains, spelled contains many more beneficial biologically active compounds.

First of all, we are talking about B vitamins (niacin, thiamine, riboflavin, pyridoxine, folic acid) and tocopherol (vitamin E), which are responsible for the normal state of the nervous system, skin and skin appendages.

Also in spelled there is a large amount of the trace element iron, which is directly involved in the production of red blood cells.

Spelled is a natural source of antioxidants, oligosaccharides, resistant starch, phenolic substances, dietary fiber (vegetable fiber), mineral salts (magnesium, zinc, selenium, manganese, iodine, potassium, copper, calcium, etc.), easily digestible protein, useful fats and complex carbohydrates.

spelled bread, recipe below

The balanced vitamin and mineral composition of spelled determines the medicinal properties of the food product, including:

a decrease in the level of high-density lipoproteins in the blood (dangerous cholesterol), which occurs due to the high concentration of coarse dietary fiber that prevents the absorption of fats;
normalization of blood glucose levels;
saturation of the body with energy and activation of all types of metabolism;
stabilization of blood pressure indicators;
preventing the development of obesity;
activation of digestion processes by strengthening the evacuation functions of the intestine;
cleansing the body of accumulated metabolites, toxic substances and toxins;
supporting the health of the skeletal system;
recovery of the body after serious illnesses;
strengthening immunity and increasing the body's ability to resist various kinds of infections;
stabilization of the state of the central nervous system;
protection from radiation and other types of exposure;
restoration of normal blood balance;
prevention of atherosclerosis, stroke, heart attack, ischemic heart disease, oncology, diabetes mellitus, hypovitaminosis, anemia.

The progenitor of wheat has found its application in cosmetology. From spelled flour or grains crushed by means of a coffee grinder, cleansing scrubs for the face and body are prepared, helping to free the skin from dead layers of the epidermis, cleanse pores, smooth wrinkles, improve blood circulation to cells, and reduce the appearance of cellulite.

Various combinations of products are used to prepare scrubs. For example, in addition to chopped spelled, they add natural honey, or, or coconut, avocado, the pulp of vegetables, berries and fruits, sea salt, pure essential oils (citrus, jasmine, rose, geranium, neroli, patchouli, etc. ).

The harm of spelt for the human body is minimal. Nutritionists recommend excluding the product from the diet in case of individual intolerance, which is extremely rare. It should be noted that, like all cereals, spelled is a high-calorie product, so do not get carried away with dishes from it and exceed the daily allowance recommended by nutritionists (from 50 to 100 grams of cereals) and you will get all the benefits of spelled without harm to health.

Currently, in the diet departments of supermarkets and in stores selling organic products, it can be found in the following form:

grains intended for sprouting with subsequent use as a unique dietary supplement;
already sprouted spelled grains;
crushed grains or cereals;
flour;
pasta made from whole grain spelled flour.

Spelled has other names indicated on the package: two-grain, farro, emmer. It should be noted that the grains present on the shelves of spelled and kamut stores are not spelled, but completely different varieties of cereals.

Spelled bread - recipe

Since there is practically no gluten in the cereal, baking from spelled flour according to traditional recipes is not prepared - the finished products do not keep their shape, crumbling. Special techniques are used to make bread, and the finished product tastes very different from the bread that modern people are used to.

Bread recipe (how to cook):

spelled flour - ½ kg;
dry baker's yeast - a standard bag;
drinking water heated - 0.3 l;
cane sugar (brown) - 1 tbsp. a spoon;
extra virgin olive oil (unrefined) - 30 ml;
sea food salt - 1 tbsp. a spoon;
sesame seeds - 1 dessert spoon.

In a large enameled saucepan, starter is prepared by combining water, yeast, 2 tbsp. spoons of spelled flour and sugar. After the appearance of foam on the surface of the mixture (after a quarter of an hour), olive oil and the remaining flour are introduced into the mass, the dough is kneaded with gentle movements and left to rise for three quarters of an hour, after covering the pan with a kitchen towel.

A bread baking dish is smeared with olive oil and sprinkled with sesame seeds. The risen dough is laid inside, on the surface of which a small cross-shaped incision is made.

Baking bread takes about an hour. The form is placed in an oven heated to a temperature of about 190 ° C. The finished product, after being removed from the oven, is wrapped with a towel until it cools.

The benefits of pasta

Pasta is made from whole grain spelled flour and water with a small amount of salt added. The energy value of the product is 339 kcal/100 gr.

The composition of pasta (for every 100 g) contains proteins (14 g), fats (2.5 g) and carbohydrates (up to 71 g), as well as the whole complex of useful bionutrients spelled.

Like all products from the progenitor of wheat, the use of pasta improves the state of the immune, digestive, endocrine, nervous, cardiovascular and hematopoietic systems of the human body.

Pasta is boiled according to package instructions and served with butter, grated cheese, cottage cheese, milk, red sauce, meat and fish dishes.

Spelled porridge, recipe

Use this recipe to prepare the most tender spelled porridge with unsurpassed notes of nuts and excellent nutritional qualities.

Step by step cooking

1 cup (faceted) spelled grains/groats are soaked overnight in a mixture of sour milk or curdled milk (1/2 l) and drinking water (1/2 cup). In the morning, the cereals are washed in a large amount of running water and boiled in whole milk or diluted in half with water (1/2 liter) until fully cooked (simmer over low heat).

After the liquid has completely boiled away, the finished product looks like individual grains (not boiled). The pot with porridge is wrapped and kept warm for about 45 minutes. Before serving, the porridge is seasoned with butter to taste, if desired, lightly added.

Adviсe

When buying spelled, pay attention to the tightness of the package and the expiration date. High-quality cereals should not have foreign impurities and flavors. The grain is stored, like other cereals, in a dry place, for example, in a special container or a tightly sealed glass container.

I hope I told you what spelled is, its benefits and harms, and you try to enrich your diet with healthy varieties of wheat by preparing all kinds of delicious and nutritious dishes.

Bon appetit, active longevity and good health!

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Doctors constantly insist on the need to introduce various cereals into the daily diet of children and adults. Such well-known cereals as millet, rice, barley and buckwheat have the most beneficial effect on the body, helping to improve the functioning of the digestive system and many other organs. However, few people have heard of another cereal - spelled. Meanwhile, this culture in ancient times was a constant guest on the table.

What is this cereal?

Spelled is considered a wild-growing naked relative of wheat, visually it looks like a red-brown ear, and when cooked it has a spicy taste with unobtrusive nutty notes. Such whole grain cereals have several names - spelled, kamut and two-grain, although this is not entirely true. These plants are very similar to each other. However, spelled is the predecessor of spelled and contains a different chromosome set. However, this difference is not reflected in any way either in appearance, or in taste properties, or in agrotechnical features.

A bit of history

The first mention of wild spelled dates back to the times of Ancient Babylon and Egypt - then this product was included in the daily diet of both rich nobles and the poor. In Russia, this unique product was most popular at the end of the 18th century.

Then it was believed that those who regularly eat spelled porridge will definitely be the strongest and strongest. This is not surprising, because cereals are rich in fiber and protein, which contribute to the development of muscle tissue and the restoration of the body's strength.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the product was also quite famous, for several decades it was believed that this was just a separate type of wheat. However, later scientists found out that this was not true - in the Soviet years, in the well-known collection "Cultural Flora of the USSR", spelled already appeared as an independent plant. To be precise, it is rather the progenitor of modern wheat, it was from it that most of the known varieties were bred.

For many years spelled was forgotten by our compatriots - this is due to the peculiarities of its cultivation. The plant produces very few grains, and besides, they are cleaned and threshed with great difficulty, which is why the plant has ceased to be grown at the state level - more productive "relatives" have taken the place of the cereal. A new round of interest in spelled appeared relatively recently - when a healthy lifestyle, the principles of proper nutrition and the wellness industry came into fashion. Most nutritionists consider it the only product whose benefits have survived to our times in its original form.

Today, active work is underway to revive this unusual culture. Breeders of Bashkiria and Dagestan are working on changing varietal characteristics in order to increase yields while maintaining maximum nutritional value. To date, the product can be found on the shelves of large supermarkets - cereals are sold under the designation "kamut".

By the way, in Italy and India this product is in great demand, it is even called "black caviar of cereals", which better than any words testifies to the importance of the product. The description of this cereal has its own characteristics:

the plant is characterized by resistance to prolonged drought;
ears do not crumble even under the most unfavorable atmospheric conditions;
grain has a protective film;
flour is not produced from cereals on an industrial scale due to the technological complexity of threshing ears, production, as a rule, in extremely limited batches;
products made from spelled flour become stale rather quickly.

In more detail, wheat has useful elements inside the seed, and white flour separated from everything has almost no vitamin and mineral value. In spelled, the micro- and macroelements necessary for a person are evenly distributed and are present even in crushed cereals, which are initially freed from any hard shells.

Spelled has a protective film that prevents the penetration of herbicides, pesticides, and other chemicals into the grains. At the same time, the content of vitamins in the product is much higher than in any other cereal.

Where and how does it grow?

It is believed that the Mediterranean countries are the birthplace of spelled, since the earliest and most frequent references to it are recorded in Turkey, Egypt, Armenia and Babylon. Many archaeologists believe that culture appeared as early as the 6th-5th millennium BC. The most ancient grains of this cereal were found in the valleys of the Ararat mountain complex, and a little later they were found in the Caucasus and Russia.

Today, the culture is grown in America, as well as in Turkey, Iran and India. On the territory of our country, it is cultivated in the southern regions of Dagestan. Spelled has its own agrotechnical features. It does not tolerate polluted soils, so its germination is possible only in ecologically clean land. Spelled does not accumulate carcinogens and does not absorb the components of fertilizers and dressings. All this makes the culture an extremely attractive product for those who are trying to enrich their diet with healthy and environmentally friendly food.

Benefit and harm

Many compare spelt with wheat, however, in terms of its vitamin and mineral composition, the first cereal is much richer than its great-great-great-granddaughter. Spelled contains much more magnesium, calcium, iron and zinc, the product is rich in B, A and E vitamins. All these components have the most beneficial effect on the functioning of the nervous system, the growth and development of bone and muscle mass, strengthening the vascular walls, as well as improving visual acuity and increased immunity.

Spelled is a real pantry of proteins, it contains 18 essential amino acids that the body cannot get with food of animal origin. No other cereal can boast of such a composition.

This is extremely useful for full growth and development, since it is amino acids that are the main building material of the organs and tissues of the human body. Nutritionists recommend including spelled dishes on the menu, since cereals have a balanced composition of BJU, as well as vitamins and mineral components.

In recent years, the number of visits to doctors of children suffering from asthma and allergies has increased significantly. The reason for this is the unfavorable ecology and the poor quality of food products presented in stores. With such ailments, foods containing gluten are prohibited, so almost all cereals are banned. Spelled does not contain this unpleasant component that provokes the development of autoimmune pathologies, which is why such cereals can be consumed without fear of complications.

The product has accumulated a lot of phosphorus and calcium - this makes the cereal indispensable for people of mature age, who often experience osteoporosis and other age-related changes in the skeletal system. Cereal gluten has a beneficial effect on the gastrointestinal tract, so the product should be included in the diet of patients with celiac disease.

Frequent use of the product allows you to get rid of many diseases:

cereal improves immunity;
improves resistance to viral and bacterial infections;
normalizes intestinal peristalsis, eliminates the problem of constipation, gas formation and bloating;
increases hemoglobin, prevents the development of iron deficiency anemia;
strengthens the musculoskeletal system;
normalize metabolism;
contributes to the regulation of the endocrine system;
regulates the amount of glucose in the blood;
improves vision, as well as the condition of hair, nails and skin;
removes excess cholesterol.

The use of cereal is not limited to its medicinal properties. Spelled is often included in diets in order to reduce excess weight. Groats are optimal for those who seek to get rid of unnecessary kilograms without harming their body. Spelled porridge is saturated with complex carbohydrates, which give the necessary feeling of satiety and energy for a long time. At the same time, the product is very well absorbed, when it is used, there is no feeling of heaviness in the stomach. After eating from cereal, the body will not require another, more high-calorie food.

In addition, B vitamins in the structure of the product contribute to the maximum absorption of fats, improve peristalsis, which also plays a significant role in the fight against obesity. Sprouted spelt is an excellent source of phytoncides, which strengthen the immune system and heal the body as a whole. The product has practically no contraindications; only those who suffer from individual intolerance to cereals should exclude it from their diet.

Despite the fact that the product has a reduced gluten content, some of it is still present in the structure, so it is better for allergy sufferers to refrain from eating such cereals altogether.

Composition and calories

Spelled does not have the ability to interbreed with other cereal crops, therefore, over the millennia of its growth, it has managed to maintain its original composition, which is much more useful than most modern varieties of cereals. Spelled has a balanced composition of BJU, 100 g of the product contains 15 g of protein, 2.5 g of fat and 70 g of carbohydrates. This is a high protein product that has a low calorie content.

If 100 g of raw grain contains 340 kilocalories, then during cooking the indicator decreases significantly and stops at around 127 kcal. The product contains 40% vegetable protein, vitamins B, E and nicotinic acid, and is also rich in a wide variety of micro and macro elements. Nutrients are found not only in the shell, as is the case with plain wheat, but throughout the grain too.

What is the difference between spelt and other crops?

Spelled contains much more gluten than simple wheat, however, this substance is well absorbed and dissolved, which is why the product has increased benefits for the body. Purely visually, the grains resemble barley, but differ in a more red tint. The differences lie in the method of grain processing - when cleaning cereals, the grain completely gets rid of all the shells, only gluten remains in the flour, but spelled is cleaned with great difficulty from all its protective layers.

The advantages of spelled in comparison with other types of cereals are obvious:

the plant is quite resistant, it does not break and does not crumble under any adverse atmospheric conditions (rain, strong wind and even a hurricane);
spelled grains are slightly larger than those of wheat;
inside the ear, the grains are quite well protected, they have a dense inedible film that reliably envelops them, protecting them from diseases, pests, preventing radiation and toxic substances from penetrating inside.

There are also disadvantages to culture. The use of cereals in the form of porridge has exceptional benefits and nutritional value, while flour, in its baking parameters, is significantly inferior to wheat, rye and buckwheat. Bread made from such flour stales rather quickly, and it is rather difficult to obtain this flour, since at the time of threshing, the scales, spikelets and fragments of flowers remain in the structure of the cereal.

Spelled is also sometimes called spelled, and some housewives confuse it with barley, which is obtained from barley. However, the composition of the products is significantly different. Barley contains much more starch, but the concentration of useful minerals in it is much lower.

Spelled is also characterized by its own characteristics during storage - this cereal has the ability to absorb odors well, so it should only be in a hermetically sealed container.

Application

Spelled recipes have long been forgotten, but gradually this product regains its lost relevance. However, despite the low popularity of the product, some spelled recipes have come down to us, and experienced chefs have created many new ones, thanks to which you can cook mouth-watering and extremely nutritious dishes. Spelled has a sweetish-nutty flavor, so it has become an excellent find for cooks and housewives, cereals are used in the preparation of mushroom soups, sauces, pastries, for breading meat and meatballs, and are also added to minced meat.

Spelled is often added to salads, and also stewed with beans. Some even replace it with rice in pilaf.

It will be very useful to use spelled for breakfast - it is usually eaten in the form of porridge, bread or delicious cereal. Such a breakfast will be useful for both adults and kids.

Spelled porridge

This is an old Russian dish, which is prepared with half a glass of curdled milk and a glass of milk. Pour a glass of cereal with this mixture and let it brew for 5-7 hours. After the allotted time, all the ingredients must be mixed and poured into a saucepan, and then put on low heat and cook until the liquid has completely evaporated. If desired, berries, fruits, sugar, honey and butter can be added to the finished porridge.

Owners of multicookers can cook delicious porridge in it - the cooking principle is the same, however, cereals can swell in plain water, the addition of whey is not necessary.

By the way, for those who are on a diet, it is better to cook porridge without milk, since in this case its calorie content will be much lower.

Spelled soup

Quite tasty soups are obtained from cereals. The classic recipe involves the use of the following ingredients:

cereals - 100 g;
cream - 3-4 tbsp. l.;
butter - 1 tbsp. l.;
salt and spices.

To prepare the dish, it is necessary to boil the broth, while it is cooking, it is necessary to fry the finely chopped onion in butter, and then, together with the grits, add it to the finished meat broth. After boiling, add spices, salt and continue cooking for about an hour. When the soup is almost ready, pour in a little cream, and then mix the entire contents of the pan with a blender. This puree soup is served with chopped green onions.

Spelled soups prepared with the addition of mushrooms have a very unusual taste, and you can use both forest mushrooms and oyster mushrooms, which are sold in any store.

spelled pasta

Quite tasty pasta is prepared from spelled flour, salt and water, such a product has the whole set of nutrients characteristic of whole grains, they are nutritious and quite high-calorie. The product is cooked according to the same principle as regular pasta, however, the cooking time may vary slightly, as a rule, the packaging indicates the approximate cooking time.

In Armenia, an original dish is prepared from spelled - sokhapur. This is a rather savory onion soup that uses the whole leek, including the green feathers. For cooking, the onion is cut into rings, and its green part is baked a little in a dry frying pan until small marks appear - they will give the dish a baked taste. The remaining parts should be put into water (1.5 liters for 2-3 onions) and boiled over medium heat.

While the onion is being cooked, it is necessary to lightly fry the flour until a ruddy golden hue appears, then remove it from the stove, pour in a ladle of water in which the onion is boiled, stir until a homogeneous mass is obtained, and then constantly adding liquid, bring to the consistency of liquid sour cream. Immediately after this, the flour mixture should be poured into a saucepan and mixed again, add the chopped potatoes and cook until fully cooked. Served with baked onions, sprinkled with tarragon or cilantro.

Spelled can also be germinated - according to reviews, a very useful and vitamin product is obtained.

See the video below for the recipe for spelled.