Mytishchi district

Russia is a country in two parts of the world, a state whose territory covers the sandy Baltic Spit and the rocky islands of Chukotka, stretches from the northern Arctic latitudes to the subtropics. Russia has unimaginable riches - cultural and historical heritage, protected forests and untouched expanses. Graceful streets of St. Petersburg and architectural monuments of Kaliningrad compete with the architecture of ancient cities - multi-domed churches and merchant houses, and the beaches of the Black Sea coast compete with the northern forests of Karelia and the ridges of the Ural Mountains.

Geography

Russia is the largest country in terms of area on our planet, occupying 17.1 million square kilometers. The state is located in Eurasia and covers both parts of the continent. About a third of the territory of Russia is located in Eastern Europe, and the rest of it belongs to the north of Asia. The Russian shores are washed by the waters of 12 seas belonging to the basins of the Arctic, Atlantic and Pacific oceans, the waters of the inland Caspian Sea.

Russia lies on large platforms, so its relief is predominantly flat. In the west of the country, the undulating Central Russian Plain stretched, separated by a ridge of the Ural Mountains from the Siberian Plateau. In the south of Russia are the mountain systems of the Caucasus with the highest point of the country - Mount Elbrus, Sayan Mountains and Altai. In the Far East, the peaks of extinct and active volcanoes rush up.

There are about 2.5 million rivers and 3 million lakes in Russia. Most of the rivers have a flat character, but in Russia there are also turbulent mountain rivers with rocky rapids channels. The largest rivers of the country are the Ob, Lena, Irtysh, Yenisei and Volga. The lake region of Russia is Karelia, here are the largest lakes in Europe - Ladoga and Onega, in Eastern Siberia there is the deepest lake on the planet - Baikal.

The flora of Russia is the velvet of mosses and lichens in the taiga tundra, coniferous forests surrounding the glacial lakes of Karelia, oak forests and birch groves, feather grass and fescue steppes, broad-leaved Far Eastern forests, subtropical flora on the Black Sea coast. Nature protection zones have been created in Russia, there are 42 national parks, 71 reserves.

Climate

The territory of Russia covers several climatic zones: arctic and subarctic on the shores of the Arctic Ocean and in the northern regions, temperate, subtropical on the Black Sea coast. However, most of the country is characterized by a climate of temperate latitudes: continental, temperate continental, sharply continental and monsoonal in the Far East.

In general, Russia has a long, snowy and cold winter. Depending on the region, average January temperatures range from 6 to -50 °C. Summer in most of Russia is moderately warm with an average temperature of 1 °C in the northern regions to 25 °C on the Black Sea coast.

Time

The territory of Russia covers 11 time zones:

Kaliningrad time - MSK−1 (UTC+2)
Moscow time - MSK (UTC+3)
Samara time - MSK+1 (UTC+4)
Ekaterinburg time - MSK+2 (UTC+5)
Omsk time - MSK+3 (UTC+6)
Krasnoyarsk time - MSK+4 (UTC+7)
Irkutsk time - MSK+5 (UTC+8)
Yakut time - MSK+6 (UTC+9)
Vladivostok time - MSK+7 (UTC+10)
Middle Kolyma time - MSK+8 (UTC+11)
Kamchatka time - MSK+9 (UTC+12)

Language

Official language of Russia: Russian. The subjects of the Russian Federation have the right to establish state and official languages ​​used on a par with Russian. The most common foreign languages ​​in Russia are Ukrainian, Belarusian and German. English is widely used in business and tourism, as a means of international communication, mainly in large cities.

Population

The population of Russia is 142 million people. About 80% of the population are Russians. In total, representatives of more than 200 nationalities and nationalities live in the country.

Currency

Official currency: ruble (RUB).

Customs regulations

Undeclared import and export of currency is limited to an amount equivalent to 10,000 USD. Duty-free importation of goods for personal consumption is limited - alcohol and cigarettes: liters of alcohol, up to 50 cigars or cigarillos, or 200 cigarettes, or 250 grams of tobacco, as well as goods and things for personal use: clothing, toiletries, jewelry, photographic and film equipment .

Jewelry, artistic and cultural values, works of art, psychotropic and potent medicinal substances, ammunition and weapons are subject to mandatory declaration.

Connection

In Russia, cellular communication services are provided by more than a hundred operators, the largest of which is the so-called "big three" - mobile operators MTS, Megafon and Beeline. The rest of the companies have a much smaller number of customers and provide services in certain regions. SIM cards of the "Big Three" operators can be purchased everywhere - in stores, mobile phone stores, post offices.

The telephone code of Russia is +7.

To call Russia by mobile phone, dial +7-subscriber's number***

Mains voltage

Mains voltage 220 volts.

Tourism

In Russia there are opportunities for any kind of tourism. The rich historical heritage served as the basis for the creation of sightseeing routes and educational tours, the long Black Sea coast is a traditional region for beach and outdoor activities, ski resorts in Russia are rapidly developing. One of the main types of tourism in the country is health tourism. Over the centuries, a system of resort treatment has been developing in Russia - sanatoriums and spa hotels operate at the sources of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with a favorable climate.

Traditions/Features. In Russia, many customs and traditions dating back to the depths of centuries have been preserved. Every spring in large cities and very small towns they see off the winter on a grand scale - they bake pancakes and burn a straw effigy of Shrovetide, in the summer they celebrate Ivan Kupala Day in the villages, but the main winter holiday is the New Year.

One of the main features of the Russian people was and remains hospitality, which is most evident in the feast. The traditional Russian meal includes first, second and third courses - soups and stews, baked poultry or meat, all kinds of pastries - pies and pies. Dishes of national cuisine in all their richness are presented in restaurants. Daily cabbage soup, roasts, sbitni and tinctures are served in the best establishments.

Security

The safety of tourists in Russia is ensured by the forces of law and order. Since June 2014, tourist police units have begun to work in a number of regions, patrolling busy pedestrian streets, squares and parks.

In general, Russia is a safe country for tourists. However, to prevent unpleasant incidents, you should adhere to standard safety rules - do not leave personal belongings unattended, do not carry a wallet in the back pocket of your trousers or an easily accessible place, beware of deserted and unlit places at night, do not use the services of unofficial taxi drivers, do not exchange currency with individuals.

Documentation

The list of documents required during the vacation includes:

• Russian passport
• travel package or voucher
• health insurance policy
• if you plan to rent a car, you must have a driver's license

If a tourist will have a rest in a sanatorium-resort institution with medical procedures, then a sanatorium-resort book is needed, which can be obtained from a general practitioner.

Children accompanied by adults must have a birth certificate or passport, medical policy.

Important Phones

Emergency phone numbers in Russia:

• Fire Service - 01
• Police - 02
• Ambulance - 03
• Unified 24/7 helpline when calling from a mobile phone - 112

Tourism

The choice of tourist destinations in Russia is wider than anywhere else. Features of the geographical position and historical development allowed the formation of resort regions in the country, which are characterized by one or another type of recreation.

beach holiday. In Russia, there are many resorts offering a comfortable stay on the sea coast. The traditional region of beach tourism in our country is the Krasnodar Territory. It is here that the summer capital of Russia - Sochi, the famous resorts of Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse, Adler, the resort of Yeysk, located on the coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, is located.

Beach holidays are offered by Crimean resorts. Sanatoriums, resort hotels, private and city beaches stretch along the entire coast of the peninsula. The main destinations are Alushta, Evpatoria, Kerch, Koktebel, Saki, Sevastopol, Sudak, Feodosia, Yalta, Kurortnoe, Nikolaevka, Peschanoe and Shchelkino settlements.

Sanatorium treatment carried out in almost all regions of Russia. There are sanatoriums, resort and medical centers at the sources of mineral waters, therapeutic mud, in places with favorable climatic conditions. The most famous balneological resorts of the country are Essentuki, Zheleznovodsk, Kislovodsk and Pyatigorsk.

Rich traditions in the use of natural factors have been formed in the Crimea, especially in Saki and Yevpatoria, where the first mud treatment resorts were launched. Sanatorium treatment is carried out on the coast of the Krasnodar Territory, in the Moscow, Ryazan, Kostroma, Ivanovo, Tver and Tula regions, in the Urals. In the northern and northwestern regions of the country there are medical resorts Marcial Waters, Sestroretsk, Svetlogorsk and Zelenogradsk, the largest resort in Siberia is Belokurikha.

Excursion tours in Moscow, the Golden Ring of Russia, Pskov, Uglich, Veliky Novgorod, Vologda and Nizhny Novgorod allow travelers to get acquainted with the historical heritage of ancient Russian cities - ancient temples with gilded domes, ancient fortresses and castles, city mansions and merchant houses. Dozens of excursion routes run through the territory of Kazan, St. Petersburg and its environs - Peterhof, Lomonosov and Kronstadt. Cognitive tourism in the Crimea involves visiting royal palaces, nature reserves and cave cities.

Ski tourism in Russia is experiencing a rapid rise. There are large mountain systems and modern ski resorts on the territory of the country. In the Krasnodar Territory, on the slopes of the Main Caucasian Range, the Krasnaya Polyana resort is located. The level of service and the modern infrastructure of Krasnaya Polyana during the days of the Winter Olympic Games were appreciated by tourists and athletes from all over the world. The resort has the most modern equipment, slopes of various levels with a total length of 72 km, ski villages with comfortable hotels.

Among the high-mountain resorts of Russia, ski holidays are offered by the Dombay and Elbrus complexes, Abzakovo-Bannoye in the Urals. Each of the resorts has the necessary infrastructure, comfortable accommodation conditions.

Weekend tours. The most popular weekend destinations are the cities of the Moscow region, the suburbs of large cities in different regions of the country. Short stay programs are offered by tourist bases, sanatoriums, spa hotels and hotels.

Children's rest. Traditionally, summer recreation camps for children are located on the Black Sea coast of the Krasnodar Territory - in Anapa, Gelendzhik, Tuapse and Sochi, in the Crimea - in the resorts of Evpatoria and Yalta, in the village of Peschanoe. Children's sanatoriums and camps are available in different regions of the country - Moscow, Kaluga, Leningrad and Rostov regions.

Leisure. There are many places in Russia where you can indulge in sports and active pastime, extreme tourism. Baikal attracts not only with its natural beauties, but also with the possibility of hiking, scuba diving, hunting and fishing, quad biking, cycling and horse riding.

In the warm season, trekking, horseback riding, and rafting are organized for tourists at the resorts of Gorny Altai, Dombay and Krasnaya Polyana. In Crimea, there are opportunities for mountaineering and hang gliding, climbing mountains, trekking, horseback riding, diving, sea fishing. Active recreational activities in the north are sleigh rides, dog or reindeer sledding. Conditions for active pursuits - hunting, fishing, hiking, cycling and horse riding are available in Central Russia.

Visa

To visit the Russian Federation, citizens of most countries require a national visa. Visa-free entry for a period not exceeding 90 days is allowed for citizens of the CIS countries (except Turkmenistan), Abkhazia and South Ossetia, a number of countries in South America, a number of Balkan countries.

The basis for obtaining a Russian visa for foreign tourists is an invitation from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation or from a travel company that is included in the Federal Register of Tour Operators, which gives it the right to provide visa support to foreigners.

The most famous sights

• The Moscow Kremlin is the oldest territory of the capital, with an area of ​​27.5 hectares. In 1367 The Kremlin was surrounded by a brick wall. On the territory there are - Arkhangelsk, Blagoveshchensky, Assumption Cathedrals, the Faceted Chamber, the Senate, the Terem Palace, the Tsar Bell, the Tsar Cannon.
• The Tretyakov Gallery was founded in 1856. This is the largest museum in the world, which contains unique paintings by masters of the 10th-20th centuries.

• The Hermitage is the largest museum in the world, founded by Catherine the Great in the 18th century. The museum exhibits canvases by world-famous artists. In total, more than 3 million valuables are exhibited on the territory of the museum.
• St. Isaac's Cathedral was built in the 19th century by O. Montferrand - an outstanding monument of St. Petersburg. Its external architecture and interior decoration are impressive, in which all kinds of art are represented - mosaic, painting, sculpture. The main iconostasis is decorated with lapis lazuli and malachite columns.
• Tsarskoye Selo is a reserve in Pushkino, includes a large park and architectural ensemble of the 18-19th centuries, a country residence of emperors. The museum is located on 107 hectares, consists of the Catherine's Park, the Old Garden, the English Park, the Catherine's Palace, the Memorial Museum, the Hermitage Pavilion, etc.
• Peter and Paul Fortress - located on Zayachy Island, the oldest monument in St. Petersburg. Within the museum there is the Commandant's house, the museum of the city, the Grand Duke's burial vault, the Botanical House, the Engineering House, prison buildings, bastions, the Peter and Paul Cathedral.
• The Russian Museum was opened in 1895 by Nicholas II. Within the walls of the building there is a rich exposition of artistic values, a restoration center.
• The Yusupov Palace is the most beautiful architectural monument of the 18-19th century. The guests of the palace were the Queen of England Elizabeth II, the King of Greece, the Queen of Norway and other dignitaries. The building was built by I. Monighetti, J. B. Valen-Delamonte, the Shuvalovs, Branitskys, Yusupovs lived in it.
• The palace and park ensemble of Peterhof is a beautiful monument located not far from St. Petersburg, founded in the 18th century. On the territory there are the Lower, Upper parks, the Grand Palace, the largest system of fountains, water cascades, elegant sculptural compositions, bas-reliefs.

• Pshad waterfall is a unique natural structure. Located on the river Pshada and consists of a whole cascade of small waterfalls.
• The ruins of the old city of Gorgypia show the ancient ruins of the 4th century BC. Ancient foundations and cobbled streets have been preserved here. On the territory there is a large archaeological museum, where you can see the crypt of Hercules, the monuments of Mother Mary, the "Russian Gate" - the remains of a Turkish fortress.
• The local history museum of the city is located in the Shchetnev gymnasium. Visitors are offered an interesting exposition about the fauna, flora of Anapa, the history of the Bosporan kingdom.

• The Arboretum is the largest botanical park, a kind of open-air museum. The park presents unique samples of the flora of the Western Caucasus, as well as many southern states located closer to the equator.
• The Vorontsov caves are the largest underground agglomeration with a height difference of 240m. Some cavities are filled with water, and narrow passages sometimes make it difficult to move. In some compartments of the caves there are ancient sites of primitive people.
• The Sochi Art Museum is a major art center. The building exhibits paintings by Polenov, Aivazovsky, Shishkin, exhibitions of contemporary masters are regularly held.

• The Swallow's Nest is a well-known monument of history and architecture, located on the Aurora Rock, which rises 40 meters above the sea. The building is made in the style of a medieval knight's palace. The current appearance of the palace was acquired thanks to Baron Steingel.
• The Vorontsov Palace is located in Alupka, built from diabase, there is a beautiful park on the adjacent territory. The style of the palace combines English, neo-Mauritanian styles.
• Livadia Palace is the imperial residence. The castle was built in the Italian light style in the 19th century. Considered the most luxurious palace in Crimea, it is the venue for the Yalta Conference.
• Mount Ai-Petri is located on a plateau, has a flat top. The height is 1234 m. The mountain is considered a symbol of the southern coast of Crimea.
• Nikitsky Botanical Garden is a research institution working in the field of botany and fruit growing. There are several parks here - Montedor, Primorsky, Upper, which contain the richest collection of plants brought from all over the world. This is the oldest botanical park in the world, which has interesting architectural structures.
• Masandra Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that served as the residence of Alexander the Third. The building was rebuilt in the 19th century in the style of French medieval deputies. On the adjacent territory there is a magnificent park, which presents more than 250 species of shrubs and trees.
• Domik A.P. Chekhov - a memorial museum opened in honor of the writer in Yalta. The whole atmosphere of those times has been preserved in the house, Chekhov readings are often held in it with the participation of foreign guests, and excursions are held.

Gurzuf

• Richelieu House - erected in 1811 by the Duke of Reselieu in the form of a two-story stone building in European style. The duke rarely came here on vacation, and more often provided the estate to acquaintances. Pushkin, Raevsky and other notorious personalities were here.
• Korovin's dacha is the home of an outstanding painter who worked for a long time in Gurzuf. A beautiful building with clear geometric proportions in the style of constructivism.
• The watchtower is located on Cape Suuk-Su, it existed in the 6th century, when Byzantine legionnaires came to the land. The monument is often called the Geria Tower or the Eagle's Nest.

• Admiralty Cathedral in honor of St. Vladimir is located on the Central Hill, is considered the greatest Orthodox monument of the 19th century. The building has one massive dome, emphasizing the Byzantine architecture of the 9th-11th centuries. Instead of icons, marble slabs are placed in the inner halls.
• Malakhov Kurgan is a grandiose monument, where the Defensive Tower of the 19th century is located, the Museum of Heroic Defense and the Liberation of the City, memorial iron plates, cannons, a beautiful park.
• Chersonese is the oldest monument of Sevastopol, the ruins of an ancient Greek town of the ancient era, in which Vladimir of Kyiv converted to Christianity.
• The Military History Museum in honor of the Black Sea Fleet is considered the oldest of similar museums in the world. Opened in 1869, located in a beautiful building, it is a valuable exposition dedicated to the customs and life of the Russian fleet from the tsarist era to the present day.
• The Genoese fortress with the interesting name Cembalo is located at a height above Balaklava Bay. Founded in 1357, it has defensive walls.

• Mangup is a cave city of the medieval Crimea. Numerous caves have been preserved here, carved into the rock throughout the entire perimeter of the plateau.
• The Temple of the Three Horsemen is carved in a huge boulder. In the inner hall there is a fresco painting preserved from antiquity.
• The Bakhchisaray Palace is a beautiful architectural structure that was previously the residence of the Crimean khans. The building is considered the only surviving monument of Crimean Tatar architecture. The Palace houses a museum of culture and history, an exhibition of weapons.

• Arboretum is a unique nature reserve located on rocky-clay soil. Here is the richest collection of plants, shrubs, many of which are rare on the planet.
• Saki Resort Park was founded in 1890 by Melnichenko P.S. On the territory there are beautiful fountains, three lakes, diverse vegetation.
• The settlement Belyaus was discovered in the 20th century, it existed in the 4th-2nd century BC. BC. The monument is located on the Tarkhankun Peninsula.
• The excavations of Kerkinida were opened in 1964, they prove the existence of a modern city of Greek colonists on the site. 30 burials were found on the territory.
• Kizary - the oldest underground passages located under the old city. The tunnels carved into the yellow shell rock are considered an important value of Evpatoria.

• The Genoese fortress is the oldest monument of the city with beautiful strict medieval architecture. Today here you can see the Watch Tower, the mosque, the residence of the Genoese consul, the gates of the fortress.
• Church of the Intercession Ave. The Mother of God is the first architectural monument of the Russian era, which began after the annexation of Crimea. The building was built in the style of Russian classicism;

New World

• The Golitsyn trail starts at the green bay on the northern side of Khoba-Kai and leads to a natural grotto formed by sea waves in massive rocks.
• Chaliapin's Grotto is a small concert hall with excellent acoustics. The grotto reaches a height of 30 meters, in its depth there is a stage for musicians, and behind it is a small compartment for Golitsyn wines with preserved stone arches.

Suzdal

• The Kremlin is the oldest part of the city. On the territory there are the Nativity Cathedral, the Bell Tower, Nikolskaya, Assumption Churches, Bishops' Chambers. In the 11th century, the Kremlin was surrounded by an earthen rampart trimmed with clay.
• The Museum of Architecture is located on the site of the Dmitrievsky Monastery of the 11th century. The museum collection includes outbuildings, household items of Russian peasants.

• The horse yard is located in an 18th century building in the city center. The exposition consists of handicrafts - embroideries, carvings, wood painting, clothing.
• The Chernigov Skete is a cave monastery that arose in 1844. Today it is a functioning complex, where you can go on excursions in the caves.
• Sergiev Posad Lavra is the largest monastery founded by S. Radonezhsky in 1337. A place revered by the Orthodox, a spiritual center with a rich library of old books.

• Detinets or the Kremlin was founded by Yaroslavl. The first mentions in 1044 in chronicles. The highest tower of Detinets Kokuy, built in the 18th century.
• Hagia Sophia is a grandiose building of the century. The cathedral was built by Yaroslav the Wise as a temple for the whole city. The great bishops, princes, posadniks of the city found peace in its galleries.

• The Assumption Cathedral is the most important church in the city, included in all excursions around Vladimir. The cathedral was founded in the 12th century by Andrey Bogolyubsky to later become the main temple of the state.
• The Golden Gate was built in the 12th century. The building has a rich decoration, and was previously used for ceremonial entrances to the city.
• Vladimir Central is a well-known prison built by order of Catherine II. At one time, Frunze, Powers, Zoya Fedorova were kept in it. Since 1996 it has been a museum open to the public.

• Museum of the Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery Complex. The architectural ensemble was built in the 12th century and is considered the largest of its kind. In the 16th century, the state treasury was located here, in 1612 the Headquarters of Pozharsky and Minin were located in the monastery.
• The Church of Prok Elijah was founded in the 17th century on the site of wooden churches at the expense of the merchants Skripins. The building is decorated with five green onion domes, covered galleries, a bell tower, Rizpolozhensky limit.

Uglich

• The Kremlin was founded in the 15th century by Andrei Bolshoi. The construction was surrounded by a high wall with two driveways and nine blind defensive towers. Today here you can see the chambers that belonged to Tsarevich Dmitry.
• The Church of Demetrius on the Blood was built in 1692 on the site where the prince died. The building is painted with red paint, the domes are blue with white ornaments, and there are rich murals of the 18th century in the interior.

Pereslavl-Zalessky

• Goritsky Monastery is a large architectural and historical museum. The exposition consists of furniture, church utensils, a collection of ancient icons, paintings by Shishkin, Benois, a valuable library of old books and a collection of wooden sculptures.
• Museum "Boat of Peter the Great" - the oldest building. The museum is notable for the fact that here on Lake Pleshcheyevo Peter the Great built a funny flotilla. Today you can see the monument to the king, the Boat House, the gatehouse, the Triumphal Gate, the White Palace.

Rostov

• The Borisoglebsky monastery complex was built on a hill surrounded by the riverbed of the Ustye in 1363 under the reign of Dmitry Donskoy with the blessing of S. Radonezhsky. It was he who indicated the place where the temple should stand.
• The Kremlin is the main attraction of the city with the Assumption Cathedral, five temples, powerful walls. Previously, the Kremlin was the episcopal residence.

Kostroma

• The Ipatiev Monastery is the greatest monument of Orthodox culture, built in the 13th century. At the construction site, Mikhail Romanov was elected to reign, so he is often called the cradle of the Romanov family.
• The fire tower is the most beautiful monument of Russian classicism, located on Susaninskaya Square. The building has the appearance of a temple of ancient times, complemented by a portico of columns and a pediment.

• The Vvedensky monastery complex was founded in the 19th century at the expense of Derbenev according to the original project of Begen P. Patriarch Tikhon served in the temple. In its halls are the relics of Blessed Alexy Elnatsky, St. Vasily Kineshma and 168 other saints.
• Bubnov Museum. The house was erected in 1860 for a merchant family and is located on the site of a city estate. The building has survived to this day and is open for tours.

• Lermontov's places are Pyatigorsk Boulevard, Lermontov's baths, Lermontov's House, Elizavetinskiy spring in Pyatigorsk, Mount-Koltso and other places connected with the poet's life in the Caucasus.
• The Castle of Treachery and Love is located in Kislovodsk - a natural monument of rocks, in the outlines of which mournful faces are guessed. The castle is located at the gorge of the river. Alikonovka.

• The Wrangel Tower is a grandiose historical building, the thickness of the walls and floors of which is three meters. In the 20th century, the building was no longer used as a fortification; today there are warehouses and wholesale stores here.
• The Brandenburg Gate is a beautiful historical monument and the only gate of the city, which is still used for its intended purpose. The building was erected in 1657.
• The Cathedral is a beautiful architectural monument, a symbol of the city. It was built in the Baltic Gothic style and is one of the rare examples of the Gothic style in Russia.

• The Buryat village is located in Olkhon. This is a colorful open-air museum, visiting which you can get acquainted with the life and culture of the Buryats.
• Pillars of Huuhein-Khad is a particularly sacred place located in the Shumak valley. According to legend, you can see your future here.
• Ivolginsky datsan is an important monument of Buddhists. The incorrupt body of Khambo Lama Itigelov, who passed into nirvana in 1927, rests in a beautiful, colorful temple.

• The Valley of Geysers is the largest natural monument discovered in the 20th century. There are 22 geysers and numerous pulsating springs, mud pots, colored lakes with bubbling water.
• The Klyuchevskiy group of volcanoes united 12 volcanoes located on an area of ​​7,000 m². Here is the largest and highest volcano of the mainland, Klyuchevskaya Sopka.

Transport component

The transport system of Russia includes air, rail, sea and road communications.

Air transport. There are 236 airports in Russia, more than 70 of them have international status. The largest airports in the country are Domodedovo, Sheremetyevo and Vnukovo in Moscow, Pulkovo Airport in St. Petersburg, Koltsovo in Yekaterinburg and Adler in Sochi. Moscow airports are connected with the capital by high-speed aeroexpress trains. Russian air carriers carry out domestic and international flights.

Russian railways serve over 124,000 km of tracks. In large cities there are passenger stations, in small settlements - railway stations. Long-distance trains run between cities, and suburban electric trains also operate. A railway line of the Trans-Siberian Railway runs through the whole country, connecting Moscow and Vladivostok. You can get acquainted with the schedule of long-distance trains and suburban electric trains, you can buy a ticket on the Russian Railways website http://pass.rzd.ru

The total length of Russian highways is 1,000,000 km.

Sea transport Intercity and international passenger transportation is carried out. Marine stations operate in Sochi, St. Petersburg, Murmansk and Nakhodka.

Navigation is carried out along rivers and canals. The length of the river routes is 200,000 km.

Underground available in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara, Yekaterinburg and Novosibirsk. In each of the above cities, the metro has its own characteristics - for example, the capital has the most developed metro network, and the Novosibirsk metro has only 12 stations.

Ground transport in Russian cities- These are buses, trolleybuses, tram lines and fixed-route taxis. The most convenient and affordable way to move around the cities is by buses and minibuses. In each relatively large city there are bus stations or bus stations connected by direct flights with regional centers.

Taxi and car rental. Official and unofficial taxi drivers work in Russian cities, it is not recommended to use the services of the latter due to the high risk of being deceived or paying at an inflated rate. The dispatch desks of official taxi companies are usually located in the arrivals halls of airports, near railway stations and bus stations.

If you have a driver's license and at least a year of driving experience, you can rent a car. This service is offered by both large international companies Sixt, AVIS and Europcar, as well as small private companies. In most companies, the rental service with a return in another city is limited to a small number of settlements, or is not provided at all.

* payment in rubles at the rate of the Central Bank (+ 2%) on the day of booking

Information on the conclusion and termination of the insurance contract, the amount of insurance obligations, the actions of the parties in the event of an insured event, the procedure for paying insurance compensation and other necessary information for the insured tourist are specified in the insurance rules.

One of the most popular places for families with children on the Black Sea in Russia is part of the coastal zone of Greater Sochi. Lazarevsky has excellent infrastructure and inexpensive recreation, compared to Adler and the urban areas of Sochi.

"All inclusive". In 2020, all inclusive tours for a family of three for 7 days with a departure from Moscow cost from 100 thousand rubles. All-inclusive hotels offer family rooms from 20 thousand rubles per day, boarding houses - from 12 thousand rubles.

Hotels and the private sector. A family room for three in a 3 * hotel costs from 3000 rubles. Private traders ask cheap. Accommodation in a guesthouse within a 10-minute walk from the sea - from 1200 rubles. Although there are good restaurants, cafes and canteens in Lazarevsky, many tourists choose accommodation with kitchens in order to cook on their own.

Advantages and disadvantages. According to reviews, holidays with a child on the Black Sea in Lazarevsky are good - mostly pebble beaches, and the sea is quite clean. For walking on pebbles, buy special slippers. A railway and a highway pass through Lazarevskoye, so it is easy to get to any sights of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. Spend a pleasant day in the water park, go to the ethnographic museum, oceanarium and amusement park.

Kabardinka

The picturesque resort on the southern coast of the Tsemesskaya Bay is loved for its good beaches, developed infrastructure and proximity to Novorossiysk and Gelendzhik.

"All inclusive". If you are looking for a budget vacation with children on the Black Sea in 2020, take a look at tours to Kabardinka. In summer, a trip for three for 7 days with a flight from Moscow costs 70 thousand rubles. This price includes airfare and hotel accommodation with full board. There are no all-inclusive tours to Kabardinka, but you can book a hotel room with all inclusive meals on your own - it costs from 10 thousand rubles per day.

Hotels and the private sector. Since Soviet times, several sanatoriums, boarding houses and children's camps have been preserved in the resort. In recent years, many modern guest houses, health centers and mini-hotels have been built on the coast. A 3* hotel room for two adults and a child costs from 3,000 rubles. Hotels with swimming pools are popular with families. A room there will cost less - from 1800 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages. Kabardinka has several equipped and wild pebble beaches. According to tourists, the sea in Kabardinka is dirtier than in small coastal villages within the Big Gelendzhik. On vacation with a child, take a walk through the beautiful Old Park, look into the Glass Workshop, Dinopark, "Upside Down House" and the aquarium.

Gelendzhik

A large beautiful bay 40 km from Novorossiysk is one of the favorite places for families with children on the Black Sea. It is framed by Thick and Thin capes. From the mainland, Gelendzhik streets are closed by the high Markotkhsky ridge. The forested spurs of the mountains protect the seaside town from northern winds and create a special microclimate on the coast.

"All inclusive". A tour for three with a departure from Moscow costs from 88 thousand rubles. When booking a family room in a hotel with all-inclusive meals, you can rent from 6200 rubles per day.

Hotels and the private sector. Gelendzhik has a developed hotel base: 1-5 * hotels, mini-hotels, many boarding houses and sanatoriums. A room for two adults and a child in a 3 * hotel costs from 3500 rubles. Accommodation in guesthouses in the city center - from 1200 rubles.

If you want to save money and solve problems with food and laundry, choose apartments. In summer, one-room apartments with all amenities in Gelendzhik are rented for 1200-3000 rubles. During the season, inexpensive accommodation near the sea is in high demand, so book in advance.

Advantages and disadvantages. It is convenient to relax in the Black Sea resort. The city has markets and shops, water parks, a safari park, museums, tour desks, expensive restaurants, budget cafes and canteens. Take a walk with your children along the long embankment, admire the musical fountain, go on an excursion to the dolmens in the valley of the Zhane River and the picturesque Plesetsky waterfalls.

According to reviews, only the purity of sea water prevents Gelendzhik from being called the best place for families with children on the Black Sea. In the small resort villages of Betta, Dzhanhot and Krinitsa, the sea is much cleaner.

Sochi

The largest resort in the south of Russia is the undisputed leader in the number of entertainment, attractions, interesting sights and excursions for children of any age. It is for these reasons that tourists choose to vacation on the Black Sea with children in Sochi.

"All inclusive". A tour for three for 7 days with a departure from Moscow costs from 75 thousand rubles. Family room in a hotel with all-inclusive meals - from 9500 rubles per day.

Hotels and the private sector. The resort area is focused on family holidays, and parents with children are accepted in almost every hotel. If you are planning a trip to Sochi, you can count on comfortable accommodation with a playground, games room and swimming pool.

A room for three in a 3 * hotel with breakfast costs from 4000 rubles. Those who want to save money stay in inexpensive guesthouses for 2-3 thousand rubles or rent studios and apartments in the city from 2500 rubles per day.

Advantages and disadvantages. According to reviews, the main drawback of Sochi is high prices. Rest here is more expensive than in any other Black Sea resort. But a lot of entertainment for children, including small ones. Take a walk with the kids in the Riviera park, go to the oceanarium and the water park. With school-age children, take a look at the Olympic facilities, the monkey nursery and the arboretum.

Anapa

The balneological health resort on the border of the mountains and the Taman Peninsula is famous as one of the best places for families with children on the Black Sea. In Anapa, air humidity is low, so babies and children who are often ill can tolerate heat more easily.

"All inclusive". A family tour for three for 7 nights with a departure from Moscow costs from 70 thousand rubles. When booking a hotel room with all-inclusive meals on your own, it will cost from 3,500 rubles per day.

Hotels and the private sector. For a room of three in a 3 * hotel, they ask from 3,000 rubles. The owners of guesthouses and private estates offer cheap holidays on the Black Sea with children. A family room costs 1000-3000 rubles, an apartment in the city - 1700-3000 rubles. There is always a lot of housing, so there are no problems with the choice.

Advantages and disadvantages. Anapa and small villages around it are places for the best vacation with children on the Black Sea. Holidaymakers are attracted by wide sandy beaches. Anapa is easily accessible by plane, train and car. The city has developed public transport, so it is easy to go on independent excursions. There are shops with goods for children, hospitals, pharmacies and you can always use the services of a babysitter.

Cons - a large number of people in July and August, and not very clean sea near the central beaches. Therefore, families with small children prefer not to stay in the city itself, but in the seaside satellite villages -, and Sukko.

Yalta

According to tourists, a vacation with a child on the Black Sea in the Crimea is in no way inferior to the Krasnodar Territory. Yalta is located in the Mediterranean climate zone. The air here is drier than in the resorts of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, so babies and children with respiratory diseases feel comfortable.

"All inclusive". Yalta is one of the most expensive resorts in Crimea. A tour for three for 7 days with a departure from Moscow costs from 120 thousand rubles in July. A hotel room with all inclusive meals costs from 14 thousand rubles.

Hotels and the private sector. A family room in a 3* hotel with breakfast costs from 3,000 rubles. If you want to save money, make your own. Rooms in guesthouses and apartments with a kitchen - from 2500 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages. The disadvantage of Yalta is that everything is expensive. There are many more pluses. The Crimean resort is famous for its excellent infrastructure, an abundance of entertainment and a large selection of housing. Take the cable car to Ai-Petri with the whole family, go on a boat trip, visit the Nikitsky Botanical Garden and the Glade of Fairy Tales.

Evpatoria

A large city in the west of Crimea has a rich history. Evpatoria is a good resort for families with children on the Black Sea in 2020. The mild climate, warm sea, mineral water and mud therapy work wonders, so many parents with children come to Evpatoria.

"All inclusive". A trip for three for 7 nights with a flight from Moscow costs from 78 thousand rubles. Family room in a hotel with all-inclusive meals - from 6000 rubles per day.

Hotels and the private sector. With advance booking in Evpatoria, you can easily find accommodation for every taste and budget. A room for two adults and a child in a 3 * hotel without meals costs from 2000 rubles. Housing in a guesthouse within walking distance of the beaches - from 1300 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages. Evpatoria has everything for a good rest with children: the gentle Black Sea, comfortable beaches, entertainment. Go to the water park, see the sights of Crimea in miniature, visit the museum dedicated to pirates.

Despite a lot of advantages, rest in Evpatoria has a significant drawback - it takes a long time to get to the resort. Traveling by car or bus across the Kerch Strait is exhausting for young children. A faster, but more expensive option is a plane to Simferopol and an hour and a half by land transport.

Feodosia

The history of the city on the southeastern coast of Crimea has more than one hundred years. The Crimean resort is loved for its special artistic charm, beautiful old mansions and interesting museums.

"All inclusive". A tour for three for 7 days with a departure from Moscow costs from 83 thousand rubles. Family room in a hotel with all-inclusive meals - from 5500 rubles.

Hotels and the private sector. For families with children in Feodosia, hotels with swimming pools and guesthouses with kitchen areas are popular. A room for a family with a child in a 3 * hotel will cost from 2500 rubles. Accommodation in a guest house and in a one-room apartment with a kitchen - from 2000 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages. The resort has many attractions and places for walking. Introduce your child to the remains of the Genoese fortifications, admire the old cottages and picturesque fountains.

By public transport and taxi from Feodosia, you can go on excursions to the sights of the South Coast. There are few minuses - because of the busy port, the sea near the city is not clean. Because of this, many parents with children go to swim on the beaches in the suburbs of Feodosia.

Zander

The picturesque seaside resort is a real decoration of the southeastern coast of Crimea. Good beaches, clear sea and picturesque Genoese fortress attract parents with children.

"All inclusive". All inclusive tours are not sold in Sudak. Family vouchers for 7 days with departure from Moscow and accommodation in a hotel with breakfast cost from 50 thousand rubles.

Hotels and the private sector. Sudak has a good infrastructure for families with children on the Black Sea in 2020. Tourists stay in hotels near the sea and private owners. A family room in a 3 * hotel costs from 2400 rubles, apartments with a kitchen - from 1800 rubles. When choosing housing, keep in mind that the city is built on hills - not all areas are comfortable with a stroller.

Advantages and disadvantages. Sudak has a good and inexpensive public catering, a market, grocery stores and pharmacies, a historical museum, a medieval fortress and a water park. If you want more - go to Feodosia, Koktebel and the New World. Cons - in the high season there are a lot of people on the beaches.

By the river

Holidays on the Black Sea with children are good not only in Russia. Excellent conditions for a summer vacation in Georgia. One of the most popular Georgian resorts, Ureki is famous for its beautiful nature, healing climate, pine forest, silence and wide black sand beaches.

"All inclusive". There are no all inclusive tours in Ureki. Only the Kolkhida Resort hotel offers rooms with breakfast and lunch for two adults and a child for 14,500 rubles. Other hotels accept tourists without food or only with breakfast.

Hotels and the private sector. In the village there are sanatoriums, hotels, budget mini-hotels, guest houses and rooms with the owners. Apartments for three with a kitchen are rented for 1200-1500 rubles. During the season, the demand is high, so book your accommodation 3-4 months before the trip.

Advantages and disadvantages. Ureki is a wonderful resort for a holiday on the Black Sea with young children. It is convenient to get to it from Batumi and Poti. The beaches have a gentle entrance to the sea. Black sand with magnetite is useful for the treatment of diseases of the motor system and heart.

Apart from a small amusement park, there are no other entertainments in Ureki. With older children, you have to travel to Batumi. There is no children's menu in local restaurants and cafes, however, if asked, Georgian chefs will quickly prepare any dish for the child.

Review

"All inclusive". A tour for three for 7 days with a departure from Moscow costs from 80 thousand rubles. With self-booking, you can rent a hotel room with all inclusive meals from 5000 rubles.

Hotels and the private sector. Obzor is loved for good hotels and a large selection of inexpensive accommodation. In the high season, a room for three in a 1 * hotel is rented from 2200 rubles, in a 2 * hotel - from 2400 rubles, in a 3 * hotel - from 2800 rubles, and in a 4 * hotel - from 5000 rubles. The guesthouses and apartments offer rooms for three inexpensively - from only 1500 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages. Obzor is a famous Bulgarian balneological resort. Rest here is useful for children with bronchial diseases and asthma. The beach strip stretches for 8 km. Get acquainted with the monuments preserved from the times of Ancient Rome, take part in festivals and holidays. For entertainment and attractions, go to Varna, Nessebar or Sozopol.

Ravda

Another Bulgarian resort, which is popular for families on the Black Sea with children, is located 3 km from Nessebar. Ravda is a small seaside village with good infrastructure. It is popular with Russian tourists due to its excellent beaches, clear sea and low prices.

"All inclusive". A tour for 7 nights for three with a flight from Moscow costs from 60 thousand rubles. All-inclusive hotels offer family rooms from 4500 rubles per day.

Hotels and the private sector. Ravda has a large selection of housing, and supply always exceeds demand. There are several comfortable 4-5* hotels. A room for three in a 3 * hotel is rented from 4400 rubles. Comfortable rooms with a kitchenette in guesthouses can be booked from 2300 rubles.

Advantages and disadvantages. Ravda offers excellent conditions for recreation on the Black Sea with small children - there are playgrounds and a water park. Entertainment and Nessebar are not far away, so older children do not get bored either. There are mini-markets and shops in the seaside village, and for large purchases, tourists go to the Mladost supermarket on Sunny Beach.

Introductory image source: © booking.com / Tourist Complex Yalta All Year Round.

Every year we have a rest on the Russian and Abkhazian coasts as a family of three adults and a child. At the same time, for two weeks we do not deny ourselves almost anything and fit into the budget of 75-100 thousand rubles. Perhaps our vacation is not the most luxurious, but quite comfortable and economical.

Where to go?

We choose a place for vacation, rather looking back at the features of a holiday with a child. For example, a sandy beach or small pebbles in Anapa or Azov is, by definition, better than the usual pebble beaches of Krasnodar resorts and Abkhazia.

Getting to Sochi or Abkhazian towns is longer and more expensive, but you can do it without unnecessary transfers. The smaller the settlement, the cheaper the rent will be. But you should be prepared for the fact that, if necessary, you will have to seek medical help in the district center and get to the hospital by taxi. Therefore, we choose small villages near large settlements - vacations are cheaper, there are fewer people on the beaches, but civilization is not far away.

How to get there?

We live in a region where it is not so easy to get anywhere by plane. We do not consider the option of flying with transfers - it is inconvenient with a child and definitely will not fit into the budget. There is no car either, although it’s only a night’s drive to Azov, 14-16 hours to Anapa, and less than a day to Sochi. And even direct trains to the south do not go. Therefore, getting to the resting place is another quest.

Our travel tips for Russian Railways:

We buy tickets 90 days in advance. It is at this time that the pre-sale opens.

We choose a train with air conditioning and a dry closet in advance, take more comfortable seats - in the first compartment near the conductors, with the whole family together

The child is on the bottom shelf. Almost always in a compartment, the lower seats are much more expensive than the upper ones. But taking into account the 65% discount on a children's ticket, it turns out even cheaper than a reserved seat. You can also spend the night in a reserved seat. If the difference in price is still significant, we select trains that leave in the evening and arrive at the place before lunch. With this schedule, you can save money and spend the night in a reserved seat.

We travel from Tuesday to Thursday. It is on these three days of the week that ticket prices are the lowest, because most vacationers leave on Friday-Saturday and return on Sunday-Monday. Due to the dynamic pricing of Russian Railways, a trip on these days will cost more.

Choose "route with transfers". It may turn out that with a transfer you will get not only cheaper, but also faster, because part of the way can be covered by fast trains. And a special Russian Railways bus will take you to the transfer point much cheaper than a regular regular bus, and exactly at the time of the train's departure.

Buy tickets with cashback. This is one of the most significant vacation expenses, so I always pay only with a cashback card. Having spent 20 thousand rubles, you can return up to 1000 back.

Where to live?

We prefer to stay in guest houses. Hotels, even very budget ones, would not be allowed to meet a modest budget. The ideal option for us is our own apartment, house or bungalow with a kitchen. Booking.com is the most popular site for booking accommodation. But not the only one.

In Sochi, Adler, Anapa and smaller settlements, you can find an apartment on Airbnb.ru. But our experience shows that the owners of most real estate properties are ready to reduce the price by 10-15% or more when applying directly. This is the commission that they pay for placing an object on aggregator sites.

You can find the contacts of the owners on the Internet at the address of the guest house. Hotels and guest houses of the Taman Peninsula were collected on the Taman.Ru website. There are specialized sites where only boathouses are collected - there are many of them in the Crimea, in Lazarevsky, Loo and Volkhonka.

A more varied choice on the sites "I want to go south" and "Azur", in addition, there are many objects that cannot be found on Booking. There are reviews, but the prices are lower. For example, in Abkhazia we rented a room for three with a bathroom, air conditioning and a shared kitchen for 2,500 rubles per day. A small house for five with air conditioning, a bathroom and its own kitchen on the Taman coast of Azov cost the same amount. Both options are just a hundred meters from the sea.

Before choosing one or another accommodation option, we looked at Google Panoramas - is the beach clean, is it far from the market and shops, are there noisy bars and discos nearby.

What to eat?

We select good catering options on Google Maps. At properties nearby, you can immediately see the ratings and reviews of other visitors, and sometimes even approximate prices. Compared to the popular Tripadvisor.ru, even very small villages and tiny roadside cafes are marked on Google Maps. Therefore, there are always options for inexpensive and safe catering. And, of course, in any place we look for a cafe on the beach with the most delicious barbecue.

To save money, we always choose a guest house with our own or at least a shared kitchen. Auto travelers can take a multicooker with them. Even if you don’t plan to fully cook on vacation, you can at least have breakfast in your room. Oatmeal and scrambled eggs are much cheaper than any breakfast in any cafe. In addition, mashed potatoes with a cutlet or even dumplings and sausages are much more familiar to children than fatty or spicy local dishes. Therefore, the first place we go is the local food market. It is good if there are chain supermarkets in the village. Even if you don’t go there in everyday life, on vacation they can save a lot. We are also looking for them on Google Maps.

How to have fun?

Most of the unexpected expenses are always related to entertainment. Planning travel and accommodation expenses is much easier. Therefore, we look at the reviews of those objects that will be located nearby in advance, while still at home. Is it worth going to the water park, zoo and dolphinarium, or do they leave much to be desired? But many interesting attractions are absolutely free. For example, on the Azov coast, we like to walk to the estuaries. In the capital of Abkhazia, Sukhumi, we climbed the Sukhum mountain with an observation deck overlooking the city, the sea and mountains. They also found the preserved castle of King Bagrat of the XII century.

In New Athos, we went up to the Anakopia fortress, visited the Simono-Kananitsky monastery and the grotto of the Apostle Simon the Zealot, passed through the Green Valley with a cascade of waterfalls Three boilers, visited an abandoned railway. And all this is completely free! Moreover, the three-year-old willingly climbed the mountain and walked along the forest paths. The Maps.me app helped us find all the sights nearby and lay out a walking route to them.

When planning a budget vacation, we always evaluate what we are ready to give up. For example, we would rather choose a guest house with a kitchen and next to the sea than a mini-hotel with a pool and its own cafe, but 20-30 minutes walk from the beach. We are ready to spend time traveling by rail rather than by plane, and pay 3-4 times less for it. In addition, the son's great love for trains began from the first trip to the sea. The views outside the window turned out to be more interesting for him than the cartoons on the tablet - he certainly could save money on it.

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