Blacksmith Busygin. Climbing to the record

Tsirulnikov, Kuznets Busygin and others: [to the 80th anniversary of the Gorky Automobile Plant] / A. Tsirulnikov // Nizhny Novgorod worker №2 Feb. (No. 15). - P. 9

Blacksmith Busygin and others

To the 80th anniversary of the Gorky Automobile Plant

2012 is the 80th anniversary of the Gorky Automobile Plant. Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin, who forged his working fame in the workshop of heavy steam hammers in the mid-1930s, was among its pioneers and the first production shock workers.

Gave the heat to the americans

Alexander Kharitonovich laughs:

And what is there to remember? To remember, you have to forget, but they won't let me forget: soon it will be half a century, as I am telling about it ... I came to the construction of the Automobile Plant from the Vetluga forests. He was young, strong and dense, like a bear. We built the plant and built ourselves together with it. We really wanted to start making our own domestic cars as soon as possible. So they were in a hurry: "We will give a plant in seventeen months to the republic!" And they gave it. And who will work on it? Who has experience in making cars? They came from the construction site and began to study. Blacksmiths were needed. I went to the blacksmiths. I had to stand one shift on three hammers. On one, he forged the hub, on the other - a crown, and after three hours of work he switched to the crankshaft. And in the summer it turned out that I was left alone for the whole smithy: someone quit, someone got sick, someone was on vacation. The shafts were urgently needed. I gave 400 shafts for a change. And the senior foreman Alexander Matveyevich Lapin says: “If only 25 shafts, and you would have made the norm, which is given for mastering production ...” And my assistant and I forged 600 the next day. Lapin estimated and said: Sasha, another 25 shafts, and this will be the American design technical standard. They don't do any more ... "

On the third day, we recaptured 901 shaft. Lapin comes up, looks at the press, and there is a counter. I told him: "Matveich, how much and where else is not enough?" And he laughs: "Well, to hell with you, bear!" He waved his hand and ran. And then it went - 1001 shaft, 1010 and more, more ...

I was invited to Moscow to a meeting of drummers. Stalin and Sergei Ordzhonikidze began to ask: what prevents even better work? I say: the stove does not heat ... I came home, I looked, but there was no stove, everything was dismantled: reconstruction! A week later, the oven was turned on - thirty-six meters long, thirty-six nozzles instead of twelve. This stove was so hot! The old furnace had an American calculation: you work faster, the metal goes cold. I put twenty-two blows on the shaft. My shafts are lighter than yours, but you have to put nine blows, and I - twenty-two. So there is still need to calculate which of us is faster controlled. When the oven was rebuilt, then I began to work in nine strokes. This technology has survived to this day. And as in nine blows the matter went, so a real fight began between us and the blacksmith Faustov. Both were young, no one wanted to give in. Oh, and I would work with you guys - on your furnace, on your hammer and on your shafts! To put an end to all conversations at once, for whom it is more difficult and for whom it was easier and is! Yes, every vegetable has its time, the strength is not the same ... And for your record - thanks! ..

CONGRATULATIONS ON A PAIR WITH CHKALOV

Once Alexander Kharitonovich had a chance to meet with Valery Pavlovich Chkalov.

In the 1930s, regular television programs began in Moscow. Of course, technically it was all very primitive, but nevertheless, Gorky residents could see the programs from the Moscow studio. No one had TVs at home yet, and in some places in public places they worked, although they were not much like modern image and sound receivers.

In the Palace of Culture named after that in the Kanavinsky district, hundreds of townspeople took turns approaching the video device and, looking through its peephole, watched the broadcast from the capital on the screen. And in the studio, in Moscow, at that time there were famous compatriots - the pilot Valery Pavlovich Chkalov and the blacksmith of the automobile plant Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin.

I had the opportunity to ask Busygin himself about that TV show. He recalled that it took place immediately after the flight of Chkalov and his crew from Moscow to the island of Udd. And three Heroes of the Soviet Union on a July day in 1936 were invited to television, Busygin had to congratulate Chkalov and his comrades Baidukov and Belyakov on behalf of the working class of the city of Gorky. Alexander Kharitonovich, laughing, told how all the participants of the program in the dressing room covered their faces with white paint, and smeared their lips with green lipstick, while their eyes were thickly drawn in black.

All of us were not timid people, but after we underwent such a procedure, we felt far from at ease, - Busygin recalled. - Quiet and shy. And they began to joke when the program was over and it was necessary to wash off all this make-up from the face ...

The thing is that television cameras at that time worked on photocells and were often "capricious": they distorted the color, and did not perceive a different shade at all. For example, they were completely insensitive to red color. That is why all the speakers were subjected to such severe makeup: it was necessary to "remove" from the face everything red or similar to red. I had to make up both clothes and objects that needed to be shown, otherwise there were often cases when the cameras “did not take” their color and they just disappeared on the screen. It happened that a person's head appeared, it was seen how he gestured with his hands, but there was nothing else. Everything else seemed to dissolve. It should be borne in mind that all this make-up served in order to get a black and white picture on the screen, there was no talk of any color image yet ...

FIRST HALF

In front of the main entrance of the Gorky Automobile Plant, in a small park, there is a truck on a pedestal. On the plate, instead of a number, there is a figure: 1932, and the name of the car - GAZ-AA - is stamped on the pedestal.

In January 2012, the automobile plant in Nizhny Novgorod celebrated its 80th anniversary. He began work on the first day of 1932. The city was then called, as it is now, Nizhny Novgorod, respectively, the plant was Nizhny Novgorod, the abbreviated name was NAZ, and the first cars were called NAZs, Naziks. And only in October 1932, when the city became Gorky, the cars became "GAZ", "GAZ".

On January 29, 1932, at 1915 hours a historic event took place, about which the newspapers reported as follows: “A solemn moment has come. They turned on the conveyor, the first frame of the truck floated on it, then the engine and the cab ... Since the supplier had not yet received sheet steel, the cab was made of plywood ... To applause and shouts of "hurray", to the sounds of a factory siren, the first one and a half ton truck descended NAZ-AA ".

On January 31st, the 25th such machine was manufactured. The next day, a lorry and a half appeared on the streets for the first time. They drove from the car factory to the Nizhny Novgorod Kremlin, so that the delegates of the 3rd regional party conference looked at them. Dozens of cars, crushing the snow, moved in a column from the Main checkpoint through the whole city. People on the sidewalks and sidewalks stopped and waved their hands, boys ran in a crowd after the cars, old women crossed themselves ... Many saw the cars for the first time. In the Kremlin, the party conference delegates were informed of the arrival of the "Naziks", and there was a standing ovation in the hall. Everyone hurried out into the street and surrounded each car in groups. Drivers and designers gave explanations and answered numerous questions. The interest and joy of the people were understandable: there are the first automobile factory trucks, which the construction sites of socialism, factories and collective farms so needed!

On the same day, another batch of cars on platforms by rail was sent to Moscow - to the 17th party conference of the CPSU (b), so that they could be examined by its delegates. It was an event of all-Union significance, the country welcomed the birth of the first domestic trucks intended for mass production. Perhaps not a single new car was then greeted with such nationwide cordiality as these "Nazik" trucks ...

In July 1932, the lorry and a half passed a serious exam: in a test run they successfully covered the distance of 3200 kilometers along the route Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow - Pskov - Vitebsk - Smolensk - Novgorod - Moscow - Pskov - Vitebsk - Smolensk - Nizhny Novgorod and returned in good condition, having won the glory of benign and reliable machines.

Ahead of these machines was a big, complex and wonderful life, roads of new buildings and off-road war, harvesting on collective and state farm fields.

Alexander TSIRULNIKOV, novosti @ *****

Photo by Neeson KAPELUSHA.

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Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin

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Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin(May 28 [June 10] - February 19) - blacksmith of the Gorky Automobile Plant, the initiator of the Stakhanov movement in mechanical engineering. Hero of Socialist Labor (1975).

Biography

Even the All-Union movement innovators for some time was called Stakhanov-Busyginsky... The fame of the miraculous blacksmith reached America. American representatives handed him an invitation from Ford to a plant in Detroit, promising to pay in gold, to which Busygin replied:

"Tell Ford that the Motherland is more precious to us than gold."

In 1935, Busygin participated in the All-Union meeting of the Stakhanovites, was delegated to the XVIII Congress of the CPSU (b), later twice became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR (deputy of the Council of the Union from the Gorky region - 1st convocation, 1937-1946; 2nd convocation, 1946- 1950). Graduated from the Industrial Academy in Moscow. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1938.

The whole life of A.Kh.Busygin was inextricably linked with the Gorky Automobile Plant: he worked as the head of the frame shop, the head of the forge shop, the head of the blacksmith shop, and the head of the mechanical repair section. For shock work he was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star and many medals.

The last years of his life A. Kh. Busygin devoted to social activities and the education of young workers. Personal pensioner of federal significance.

The title of "Honorary Citizen of the City of Gorky" A. Kh. Busygin was awarded by the decision of the Gorky City Council of Working People's Deputies of June 17, 1976.

Awards and titles

2 Orders of Lenin (1935, 1975)
medals

Essays

"My life and my friends" (Moscow, 1938)

Memory

Avenue of the Avtozavodsky district of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is named after A.Kh.Busygin
A street in the city of Novosibirsk is named after A.Kh.Busygin
On February 28, 2007, on Oktyabrya Avenue, near the House of Veterans "GAZ", a grand opening of the monument to A.Kh. Busygin took place
memorial plaque on the house where A.Kh. Busygin lived

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Notes (edit)

Links

15px ... Heroes of the Country website.

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Movement

Drummers labor

An excerpt characterizing Busygin, Alexander Kharitonovich

Her heart quietly stopped ... And the exhausted soul freely flew away to where no one could hurt her anymore. A sweet, kind girl left without knowing how wonderful and joyful her broken, unlived life could be ... how many good people her Gift could make her happy ... how high and bright her unknown love could be ... and how sonorous and the voices of her children who were not born in this life could happily sound ...
Damiana's face soothed in death smoothed out, and she seemed just asleep, she was so pure and beautiful now ... Bitterly sobbing, I sank into a rough sitting next to her empty body ... My heart froze with bitterness and resentment for her innocent, torn life ... And somewhere very deep in the soul, fierce hatred arose, threatening to break out, and sweep all this criminal, terrifying world from the face of the Earth ...
Finally, somehow gathering myself, I once again glanced at the brave child girl, mentally wishing her peace and happiness in her new world, and quietly walked out the door ...
The horror I saw paralyzed my consciousness, depriving me of the desire to explore the papal basement further ... threatening to unleash another suffering on me, which could have been even more terrible. As I was about to go upstairs, I suddenly suddenly felt a weak, but very persistent call. Listening in surprise, I finally realized that my name was from here, from the same basement. And then, forgetting all previous fears, I decided to check.
The call was repeated until I went straight to the door from which he was walking ...
The cell was empty and damp, without any lighting. And in its very corner, on a straw, a man was sitting. Coming closer to him, I suddenly cried out - it was my old acquaintance, Cardinal Morone ... His proud face, this time, reddened with abrasions, and it was clear that the cardinal was suffering.
- Oh, I am very glad that you are alive! .. Hello monsignor! Have you tried to call me?
He raised himself a little, wincing in pain, and said very seriously:
- Yes, Madonna. I have been calling you for a long time, but for some reason you have not heard. Although they were very close.
- I helped a good girl say goodbye to our cruel world ... - I answered sadly. - Why do you need me, your Eminence? Can I help you?..
“It's not about me, Madonna. Tell me your daughter's name is Anna, isn't she?
The walls of the room swayed ... Anna !!! Lord, not Anna! .. I grabbed a protruding corner so as not to fall.
- Speak, monsignor ... You are right, my daughter's name is Anna.
My world was crumbling, without even knowing the reasons for what had happened ... It was enough that Karaffa mentioned my poor girl. There was no hope of expecting anything good from this.
- When last night the Pope was "busy" with me in the same basement, the man told him that your daughter had left the monastery ... And for some reason Karaffa was very pleased with this. That is why I decided to somehow inform you of this news. After all, his joy, as I understand it, brings only misfortune to everyone? Am I not mistaken, madonna? ..
- No ... You are right, Your Eminence. Did he say anything else? Even some little thing that could help me?
Hoping to get even the slightest "addition", I asked. But Morone only shook his head negatively ...
- I'm sorry, Madonna. He only said that you were very wrong, and that love has not been good for anyone yet. If this tells you something, Isidora.
I just nodded, trying to collect my thoughts scattering in panic. And trying not to show Morona how shocked I was by the news he said, she said as calmly as possible:
- Will you allow me to heal you, monsignor? It seems to me that my "witch" help will not hurt you again. And thank you for the message ... Even for the bad one. It's always better to know in advance the enemy's plans, even the worst ones, isn't it? ..
Morone carefully looked into my eyes, painfully trying to find in them the answer to some important question for him. But my soul closed itself off from the world, so as not to get sick ... in order to withstand the upcoming test ... And the cardinal was now greeted only by a memorized "secular" look, which did not allow penetration into my soul frozen in horror ...
- Are you afraid, Madonna? Morone asked quietly. “You’re a thousand times stronger than him!” Why are you afraid of him?! ..
- He has something with which I am not yet able to fight ... And I am not yet able to kill him. Oh, believe me, Your Eminence, if I only found the key to this poisonous viper! I will ease your pain.
But the cardinal, smiling, refused.
- Tomorrow I'll be in another, quieter place. And I hope Karaffa will forget about me for a while. Well, what about you, Madonna? What will become of you? I can't help you out of confinement, but my friends are powerful enough. May I be of service to you?
“Thank you, monsignor, for your concern. But I do not harbor vain hopes, hoping to get out of here ... He will never let me go ... Not my poor daughter. I live to destroy it. There should be no place for him among people.
- It is a pity that I did not recognize you earlier, Isidora. Perhaps we would become good friends. Now, goodbye. You can't stay here. Dad will definitely come to wish me "good luck." You don't need to meet him here. Save your daughter, Madonna ... And do not surrender to Caraffe. God be with you!
- What God are you talking about, monsignor? I asked sadly.
- Surely, not about the one to whom Karaffa is praying! .. - Morone smiled goodbye.
I stood for a moment, trying to remember in my soul the image of this wonderful man, and, waving my hand goodbye, went out into the corridor.
The sky opened with a flurry of anxiety, panic and fear! .. Where was my brave, lonely girl now ?! What prompted her to leave Meteora? .. For some reason Anna did not answer my insistent calls, although I knew that she could hear me. This instilled even greater alarm, and I only with the last bit of strength held on not to succumb to the panic that was burning my soul, as I knew that Karaffa would certainly take advantage of any weakness of mine. And then I will have to lose without even starting to resist ...
Retiring in “my” chambers, I “licked” old wounds, not even hoping that they would ever heal, but simply trying to be as strong and calm as possible in case of any opportunity to start a war with Karaffa ... There is no point in hoping for a miracle was, as I knew perfectly well - in our case miracles were not foreseen ... Everything that happens, I will have to do only myself.

Unusually early that day, Alexander Busygin went to the plant. The shift began at eight in the morning, but it was not yet seven. However, he was not at all surprised when, from a distance, he saw the guys of his brigade at the entrance. They were arguing hotly about something, desperately gesticulating.
“They don't go to the shop - they are waiting for me,” he noted. “The guys are worried. Look how they are waving their hands. " Yes, what can I say, his soul is also out of place: somehow they will work today - will they keep up the pace?
A huge banner above the factory gates was red: "The brigade of the blacksmith Busygin has set a record!"
Yes, they set a record: they forged 966 crankshafts instead of 675 at the norm. Yesterday, as soon as he finished his work, a shiftman ran up to him, happily slapped him on the shoulder: “Sashka, damn it, do you know how much anchor you have ?! Take a look at the device! " And he himself really wanted to rush to the device at the hammer, where the number of manufactured parts was noted. But he never looked at him during the whole shift. Even during the break, he did not come up to him. And he forbade the guys to watch: there is nothing to run - you have to work! This is what he said, but in fact he feared that suddenly a little was anchored, and then it would not inspire, but on the contrary - it would upset and relax the guys, cool their ardor. He himself was not a little worried about the behavior of his superiors: in the midst of work, he saw how master Lapin approached the device and, turning abruptly, for some reason quickly disappeared. Soon he returned, but not alone, but with the head of the forge Sokolinsky - both stood at the device, shook their heads in a strange way and left without even glancing in the direction of Busygin. He looked after them anxiously: or is it not even within the norm? And he picked up the pace.
And after the change, they were surrounded by a lot of people. Speeches were delivered. He, Busygin, was called the factory Stakhanov! Yes, that was yesterday. And today they decided to achieve a new record.
Seeing Busygin, the blacksmiths threw down their half-smoked cigarettes and surrounded their foreman.
- Well, Kharitonich? Did you agree? Got good?
- And how is Boris Yakovlevich? Approved? Busygin smiled:
- Okay, guys. Let's go to the smithy. I'll tell you on the way.
- Hey, Kharitonych, and I think so, - one of the guys got excited. - We need to work not from eight, but from six in the morning. And grab a couple of hours after the shift. Then we will reach a new record!
Someone laughed, someone was indignant, but some were seemingly not averse to supporting the nimble guy's proposal.
- No, guys, they don't set records like that. We will work in due time. Records must be achieved with intelligence and skill.
- But what about Stakhanov?
- Stakhanov, too, did not just "work hard", but chopped the coal with consideration. Boris Yakovlevich spoke about this yesterday, and Tyurin, our Party organizer.
Yesterday, immediately after the record, the shop bosses had a long talk with Busygin. The head of the forge B. Ya. Sokolinsky, the party organizer N.G. Tyurin, the pre-shop committee S.I.Muzychenko, the technologist V.N. , delayed mechanical workshops, they stood idle - the car production plan was disrupted. We came to a consensus that a new record is needed: it will prove to everyone that yesterday's achievement by Busygin is not an accident, that there are many unused reserves; he will be the benchmark to which all blacksmiths, all workers of the automobile plant, inspired by the achievement of the foremost workers, will become equal.
- Let's do this, - suggested the party organizer N. G. Tyurin. - We will put planks at each hammer, and on them we will write numbers: on top - the task for the day, below - how many the blacksmith gave his word to forge the blanks and how many he gave them per shift. Let everyone see who works how.
- It's efficient, - Busygin approved.
The head of the forge Boris Yakovlevich Sokolinsky promised to prepare all the stamps, furnace, metal for the beginning of the shift - to create conditions for successful work.
And now the blacksmiths come to replace them. The September sun is shining brightly. The weather had been unusually warm for several days.
- Yes, guys, it will be hot today, - said Busygin.
- Should we, farriers, be afraid of the heat! - Someone from the brigade laughed. But the rest did not support the jokes. They walked in silence. Focused. All thoughts were already there, in the workshop - at the heating furnaces and hammers.
The workshop was unusually quiet. Only the adjusters were busy at the hammer. Busygin breathed deeply the air familiar from childhood: the same smelled like scale, smoke and metal in the rural smithy. Five years ago, he left his native village Kalivatovka, lost in the Vetluga forests, and came to the construction of the Nizhny Novgorod auto giant. He could neither write nor read. He took an ax from the foreman and went to build a polyclinic, residential buildings of the future Social City and factory workshops. What else, but he knew how to carpentry - a man who grew up in the woods, his hands are always accustomed to an ax and a saw. Every business he undertook, he loved to carry out conscientiously.
A whistle hissed long. The working day has begun. Alexander pulled a beanie over his head, tied a leather apron tighter, plugged his ears with lumps of cotton wool and, putting on protective glasses, nodded to his assistant. He deftly applied a scarlet bar of metal to the anvil stamp with a pair of tongs. Busygin quickly glanced at the bar, bursting with heat: did he go well? - and pressed the pedal with his foot. The multi-pound "woman" fell from the stop - the floor trembled from a heavy, booming blow. Despite the cotton wool, stuffed up in my ears. Nothing, business as usual.
A weighty "woman" scurries up and down. Busygin's movements are restless, calm, confident. Look from the outside - a blacksmith is working unhurriedly.
- Bolder, Sasha, why are you hesitating?
Who shouted it? Look, you hurry - he needs it faster. No, hurry up - you make people laugh. Here you need to try on first.
Check the hammer, oil seals, stamp in the case. The main thing is to take the rhythm so that the whole team works harmoniously, as one person. And when everyone gets a taste of the work, when everyone without words begins to predict the movements of the other, will not lag behind, then the rhythm can be accelerated.
Stingy and calculating movements of the blacksmith. He stands in a working, dignified manner in front of the crashing hammer. The shimmering color of red-hot metal has long been to his liking. In his Kalivatovka, Busygin worked in a kulak smithy. And then again - after the start-up of the plant - he returned to his beloved craft. He does not work for the kulak - for himself, for the whole people. But he did not immediately get up to the unit. In the beginning he was a lubricator of forging machines. Then he graduated from the courses. He passed the state technical exam and got the qualification of a blacksmith. And only after that he was admitted to the hammer. This is not a village smithy. And not a hammer on a wooden handle. Here the hammer needs technical knowledge.
Busygin cast a sidelong glance at the guys. Everyone is busy with business. And all at the same time do not take their eyes off him. The blacksmith smiled: they can't wait to pick up the pace. Well, that's right, the rhythm has been taken - let's speed things up a bit. No, not with a jerk - you need to gradually accelerate.
Again the ponderous "woman" breaks loose. Busygin overturns the roughly molded part. Hit! Another blow! All embossed outlines of the detail. And now the scarlet bar of metal turned into a crankshaft. But he did not even have time to fade, to fade - fire still emanates from his womb.
“Strike while the iron is hot,” Busygin recalls the old folk wisdom, the immutable rule of blacksmiths of all times. Correct saying. And it is not only applicable to metal. Look how the guys in the brigade were on fire. And you can’t, you can’t cool them down with failure. They are like the same metal: if you do not heat a bar, it will lose malleability, if you overheat it, it will be even worse: the workpiece will become grainy, brittle, and it will go to waste. No, he, the blacksmith, has no right to fail. Today the brigade must break yesterday's record. And the success will inspire the guys to new records. That's for sure.
The heating furnace casts out crimson flashes of fire. The blanks stretched out from the fiery vent - crimson bars of metal - are bursting with heat. Busygin works. The task of the blacksmith is not only to forge a good-quality part, but also to ensure that all members of the brigade work as a single well-coordinated mechanism - a nargevalik and a carrier, a blacksmith and an assistant, a press operator and a straightener ... So that everyone knows their place in the technological chain. I felt responsible for my work. And for the results of the work of the entire team. Well, guys, let's push!
Like a torch flies a scarlet bar of metal from tongs to tongs - from oven to hammer, from hammer to press. Hot. The smithy is the smithy: heat, smoky walls and spans, a hot, acrid smell of smoke and heavy blows of cold metal on a hot one.
Busygin works skillfully. Builds up the pace. My fellow villagers from Kalivat would have looked at him now! And what, he, Busygin, here, at the auto giant, has become a man - a real modern worker: competent, experienced, he has mastered more than one machine - and forging hubs, gears, and these crankshafts. Station wagon blacksmith! And it is no coincidence that when a difficult situation arose in the smithy, they came to him for help.
In early August, he, Busygin, went on vacation. And at the end of the month, according to the schedule, they gave leave to his friend, also a universal blacksmith Stepan Faustov. It was then that master Lapin came to Busygin's apartment: - he said that the smithy was in a breakthrough, and asked him to go to work. Busygin did not need to be persuaded: it is necessary - then it is necessary, and he interrupted his vacation. He is such a person - he never put the personal above the public, never avoided difficulties, did not strive for an easy, carefree existence, did not look for the beaten path. His work, deeds, his whole life belong to the plant.
He interrupted his vacation and came to the shop on August 27. On the same day, I forged 440 hubs per change at a rate of 315 pieces. The hubs were touched, but the crankshafts were not enough. He grabbed the shafts. Sometimes he stayed with his comrades even after the shift.
In a word, he worked hard. And it was just here that the miner of the Tsentralnaya - Irmino mine, Aleksey Stakhanov, cut 102 tons of coal in a shift - he exceeded the usual norms by 14 times. This is what a man has done! How not to envy! And how not to try to do the same at your workplace! Only to work hard a little, you need to be smart about the matter. Like Alexey Stakhanov. What did the miner do? He organized his work in a new way: he used to wield a jackhammer for half the shift and fasten the mine for half a shift, now he began to chop coal the whole shift, and the mine was fastened behind him by auxiliary workers. A man has worked as a head! And what about the blacksmiths? Or in vain did they study technical knowledge in circles?
Busygin, on behalf of the members of his team, made proposals, the implementation of which could increase labor productivity. The main thing is that the workpieces must flow smoothly. It would be nice to eliminate the existing depersonalization, that is, to assign the units to specific teams. And one more thing: it is necessary to organize the work of blacksmiths so that they have the opportunity to start work immediately with a beep. Blacksmiths come to their hammers at exactly eight o'clock in the morning, but they start production only after half an hour - these thirty minutes are spent on preparing the equipment. Why don't the service technicians come to the shop early and inspect the equipment before the beep? Then the blacksmiths would not waste minutes of precious working time. Busygin also criticized the workshop specialists, who could have paid more attention to small mechanization, improving equipment and tools. The team, in turn, would undertake obligations to increase production, strengthen production discipline and reduce smoke breaks to a minimum. Not the last thing is the improvement of the methods of heating and stamping metal.
Blacksmiths were held back by American equipment. He, Busygin, would undertake to forge 150 crankshafts per hour, but the heating furnace could only produce a hundred. So turn around here! The blacksmiths ventured to reconstruct the oven. Result: she began to "keep up" with the increased pace. So that's - you need to think! And the workers stopped considering the overseas equipment inviolable - they began to "harness" it into their own Soviet team. The head of the smithy Sokolinsky rendered them great help in this. He is an intelligent man; he graduated from the Higher Technical School in Moscow. In America, at Ford's car factories, he passed practice. It was he, having read about Alexei Stakhanov's record, came to the brigade with a newspaper: they say, and you, blacksmiths, aren't you able to set a record, can't you break the old technical standards?
The resounding beat of Alexei Stakhanov's jackhammer, which sounded in the bowels of the Donetsk mine, rolled across the country. She also shook Busygin. And the first thing that came to my mind was that they have related professions with Stakhanov. Boris Yakovlevich also hinted at this half-jokingly:
- You, comrades, are all hammers! Stakhanov has a jackhammer. And you have what kind of hammers. Aggregates!
Sokolinsky kept his word - he attracted all the shop specialists to create the right conditions for the blacksmiths to work.
... The shift is over. The guys were crowded at the device: how much did they work there? Busygin also really wanted to rush to them, but he restrained himself: he slowly took out the cotton wool from his ears, took off his glasses - and only after that he waddled up to his comrades:
- Well, brave fellows, how many do we have there?
- Download Busygin! someone shouted enthusiastically. The newspaper "Avtogigant" wrote in September 1935: "Blacksmith comrade. Busygin (crankshaft brigade) of Forge No. 1 set on September 11 and 13 a record, unprecedented in the history of our forge and blacksmithing in general, in forging crankshafts. At a rate of 675 shafts, he forged 1001 shafts on September 11 and 1005 shafts on September 13 ”.
In the following days, production increased steadily. On September 19, A. Kh. Busygin forged 1146 shafts and completed the monthly workshop program. Not only domestic, but also American production rates are far behind.
In the summer of 1936, Alexander Kharitonovich was vacationing in Gagra. One of these days, a Ford representative came to visit the innovator blacksmith. He suggested that Alexander Kharitonovich move to Detroit to work there at an automobile plant.
- The best conditions will be created for you. And you will, of course, earn a lot more than you do now. Just think: we will pay in gold! - Seduced by a business American.
And Busygin thought. I thought about how it would be more polite to answer the representative of American capital so that he would not be very offended, and at the same time I realized that Soviet workers do not sell themselves for gold. Then he waved his hand at all diplomacy and answered with dignity:
- I work for my great Motherland and will serve it all my life. As for good conditions, I have them in my own country.
Today, the pioneer of the Stakhanov movement in mechanical engineering, Alexander Kharitonovich Busygin, is an honored veteran of the Gorky Automobile Plant. For his great services in the development of mass socialist competition, the achievement of high labor productivity and many years of activity on the introduction of advanced methods of work in the automotive industry, he was awarded the highest title - Hero of Socialist Labor by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 23, 1975.

Born on May 28 (June 10), 1907 in the village of Kolevatovskaya, Nizhny Novgorod province, now the Vetluzhsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, into a peasant family. Russian. After graduating from elementary school, he worked on a collective farm.

In 1931 he came to the construction of the Gorky Automobile Plant. After the completion of construction, he went to work in a smithy, in the shortest possible time he mastered the skill of blacksmithing and became a highly qualified specialist, the initiator of fundamentally new methods aimed at increasing labor productivity. An increase in labor productivity was achieved through preliminary preparation of the workplace, improvement of machine tools and tools, optimization of methods for heating and stamping metal, and strengthening labor discipline.

In September 1935, the brigade led by Busygin set a record by forging 966 per shift, then 1001 crankshafts at a rate of 675 (subsequently bringing the output to 1146 shafts). For record labor productivity, Alexander Busygin was awarded the Order of Lenin.

Even the All-Union movement of innovators was called Stakhanov-Busyginsky for some time. The fame of the miraculous blacksmith reached America. American representatives handed him an invitation from Ford to a plant in Detroit, promising to pay in gold, to which Busygin replied:

In 1935, Busygin participated in the All-Union meeting of the Stakhanovites, was delegated to the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and later twice became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Graduated from the Industrial Academy in Moscow. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1938.

The last years of his life A. Kh. Busygin devoted to social activities and the education of young workers. Personal pensioner of federal significance.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in September 22, 1975 for great services in the development of mass socialist competition, the achievement of high productivity of the workload, many years of activity in the implementation of advanced methods of work in the automotive industry and in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Stakhanov movement, Busygin Alexander Kharitonovich was awarded the title " Hero of Socialist Labor "with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

The title of "Honorary Citizen of the City of Gorky" A. Kh. Busygin was awarded by the decision of the Gorky City Council of Working People's Deputies of June 17, 1976.

He died on February 19, 1985. Buried in Nizhny Novgorod at the Bugrovsky cemetery.

Awards and titles

Hero of Socialist Labor (1975)
2 Orders of Lenin (1935, 1975)
Order of the Red Banner of Labor
Order of the Red Star
medals
Honorary Citizen of the city of Gorky (1976)

Essays

"My life and my friends" (Moscow, 1938)

Memory

Avenue of the Avtozavodsky district of the city of Nizhny Novgorod is named after A.Kh.Busygin
A street in the city of Novosibirsk is named after A.Kh.Busygin
On February 28, 2007, on Oktyabrya Avenue, near the House of Veterans "GAZ", a grand opening of the monument to A.Kh. Busygin took place
memorial plaque on the house where A.Kh. Busygin lived

B Usygin Alexander Kharitonovich - blacksmith of the Gorky Automobile Plant, the initiator of the Stakhanov movement in mechanical engineering.
Born on May 28 (June 10), 1907 in the village of Kolevatovskaya, Nizhny Novgorod province, now the Vetluzhsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, in a peasant family. Russian. After graduating from elementary school, he worked on a collective farm.
In 1931 he came to the construction of the Gorky Automobile Plant. After the completion of construction, he went to work in a forge, in the shortest possible time, having mastered the skill of blacksmithing and becoming a highly qualified specialist, the initiator of fundamentally new methods aimed at increasing labor productivity.
In September 1935, the team, led by A.Kh. Busygin, set a record by forging 966 per shift, then 1001 crankshafts at a rate of 675 (subsequently brought the output to 1146 shafts). For record labor productivity A.Kh. Busygin was awarded the Order of Lenin.
Even the All-Union movement of innovators was called Stakhanov-Busyginsky for some time. The fame of the miraculous blacksmith reached America. American representatives conveyed to him Ford's invitation to the Detroit plant, promising to pay in gold, to which A.Kh. Busygin replied: "Tell Ford that the Motherland is more precious to us than gold."
In 1935 he took part in the All-Union meeting of the Stakhanovites, was delegated to the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, and later twice became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Graduated from the Industrial Academy in Moscow. Member of the CPSU (b) / CPSU since 1938.
The whole life of A.Kh.Busygin was inextricably linked with the Gorky Automobile Plant - he worked as the head of the frame shop, the head of the forge shop, the head of the forge, and the head of the mechanical repair section. For shock work he was awarded the Orders of the Red Banner of Labor, the Red Star and many medals. In recent years, A.Kh. Busygin has devoted himself to social activities and the education of young workers.
Have by the Kaz of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 22, 1975 for great services in the development of mass socialist competition, the achievement of high productivity of the work, many years of work in the implementation of advanced methods of work in the automotive industry and in connection with the 40th anniversary of the Stakhanov movement Busygin Alexander Kharitonovich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.
He lived in the city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod). He died on February 19, 1985. Buried at the Bugrovsky cemetery in Nizhny Novgorod.
He was awarded 2 Orders of Lenin (12/08/1934; 9/22/1975), Orders of the Red Banner of Labor (01/09/1952), the Red Star (03/09/1944), medals.
Honorary Citizen of the city of Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod; 06/17/1976).
In the city of Nizhny Novgorod in honor of the Hero, a bust and a memorial plaque were installed on the house in which he lived. Avenue in Nizhny Novgorod and a street in Novosibirsk are named after him.