Powerful WiFi antenna do it yourself. Do the antenna itself to enhance the Wi-Fi signal in just a couple of hours

You can literally from the girlfriend. As a basis, you can even take blocks from a simple source uninterrupted power - It is, in fact, is a double converter - first there is a decrease in voltage up to 12 V to ensure the battery charging.

And after the voltage increases to 220 V, the transformation of the current from constant to variable. Similar devices can be used to power. household equipment Outside the house - drills, grinder, televisions, etc. Make an independently such a device is easy, and it will be the cost of it less than that of similar devices that are sold in stores.

The principle of operation of the inverter

The second name of the converter is an inverter. In fact, it is with a pulse type variestio. Power is made from a 12 volt constant voltage source (in this case - from the battery). At the output of the device, impulses appear, which change the diet. Depends on the ratio of time during which there is no voltage. At duty equal to one, at the output maximum value Current. With a decrease in openness, the current decreases.

The voltage at any time at the output is 220 V. Even the simplest converter 12V in 220V can operate in a wide range of frequencies - 50 kHz ... 5 MHz. It all depends on the specific scheme and the elements used in it. The voltage frequency is very high, it will be destructive for powering household apparatus. To reduce it to the standard 50 Hz, it is necessary to use a special design transformers. The PWM modulator allows you to create a variable from a constant voltage with the required frequency.

Feedback system

In the absence of a load at the PHIM-modulator, the pulse humility at the minimum level, the voltage value of 220 V. Once the load is connected to the device, the current will increase and the voltage will fall, it will be less than 220 V. If you decide to make a voltage converter from 12 to 220 Will with your own hands, then be sure to take into account the presence of feedback. It allows you to compare the output voltage with the reference value.

If there is a difference in voltages, then a signal is fed to the generator, which allows you to increase the diet of pulses. With this system, it turns out to achieve maximum power at the output and more stable voltage. As soon as the load is disabled, the voltage jershes over 220 V - the feedback system is fixed and reduces the pulse duty value. And so until the voltage is aligned.

Working with Sortish Akb

When the duty change and the output value of the output current increases the load on the power supply. This leads to its discharge and reduction of tension. And if the feedback system is used, it increases the standard of signals as stronger as stronger, sometimes to the maximum - units. Made with their own hands voltage converters 12/220 volts without feedback react very strongly to the seed batteries. When working, the output voltage is reduced.

If you plan to connect such equipment as grinders, electrolympics, boiling mills or kettles, then the voltage reduction will not affect their operation. But in the event that the transmitter is needed to connect television equipment, laptops, computers, servers, amplifiers, feedback Just needed. It allows you to compensate for all voltage jumps, which will ensure stable operation of devices.

Choice of schema

To make your own hands the voltage converter 12/220 B, you need to select a specific scheme. And be sure to consider the power of the instruments that plan to connect to it. Count approximately what load will be powered by the inverter. Be sure to add to the resulting power another 25% of the reserve, it will not be superfluous. Based on the data obtained, you can choose a specific scheme. And, of course, one of important moments - this is

Evaluate your financial capabilities if you plan to purchase all the components. And you will need a lot of expensive elements. Fortunately, they are almost all found in modern technique - in the sources of uninterrupted nutrition, BP of computers and laptops. By the way, the standard UPS can be used as a voltage converter, even the alterations are not needed. Connect a more powerful battery to it and that's it. But the battery will have to charge from an additional power source - the standard will not be able to work out the desired current value.

Converter scheme elements

The standard inverter design to convert the DC voltage 12 V to the variable 220 consists of such elements that can be found in any modern technique:

PWM modulator - a special design microcontroller.
Ferrite rings for the manufacture of RF transformers.
Power field transistors IGBT.
Electrolytic capacitors.
Permanent resistance of various power.
Throtes for current filtering.

In the event that you are not sure of your own forces, you can independently assemble the converter according to the multivibrator scheme. The transformer for such a device is suitable from the UPS or the power supply of transistor televisions. Such a device has one drawback - impressive dimensions. But it turns out to be set up much easier than complex designs that work with high-frequency current.

Operation inverters

If you make a solution to do it yourself a 12/220 voltage converter on a simple scheme, then the power can be low. But it is enough for the nutrition of household equipment. But if the power is higher than 120 W, then the consumption current increases to 10 amps at a minimum. Consequently, when used in a car, it is impossible to include it in the cigarette lighter socket - all the wires are melted and the fuses will fail.

Therefore, automotive inverters whose power is over 120 W, be sure to connect to the battery using an additional fuse and relay. Be sure to pave the wire from the battery to the place of installation of the automotive inverter. To turn on the converter, you can use the key switch or button pair with an electromagnetic relay - it allows you to remove the high current from the controls.

Converter do it yourself 12-220V

Recently, more and more people are interested in assembling inverters (converters) do it yourself. The proposed assembly is capable of issuing power up to 300W..

An old and kind multivibrator is involved as a specifying generator. Of course, such a solution is inferior to modern high-precision generators on chips, but let's not forget that I sought to simplify the scheme as much as possible so that the inverter is invertor, which will be available to the general public. The multivibrator is not bad, it works more reliably than some chips, not as critical to input voltages, works under severe weather conditions (recall the TL494, which you need to warm up at minus temperatures).

The transformer is used ready, from UPS, the size of the core allows you to remove 300 watts of the output power. The transformer has two primary windings by 7 volts (each shoulder) and 220 volts network winding. In theory, any transformers from uninterruptibles will be suitable.

The diameter of the primary winding wire is somewhere 2.5mm, just what is needed.

Device diagram:

The main characteristics of the scheme

Input voltage nominal - 3.5-18 volts
Output voltage 220 volt +/- 10%
Frequency at the exit - 57 Hz
Output pulse shape - rectangular
Maximum power - 250-300 watts.

disadvantages

I thought for a long time what the flaws in the CPD account, it is 5-10% lower than similar industrial devices.
The scheme has no protection at the entrance and at the output, when CZ and overload, field keys will overheat until it fails.
Because of the form of impulses, the transformer makes some noise, but it is quite normal for such schemes.

Dignity

Easy, accessibility, costs, 50 Hz at the output, compact size of the board, lightweight repair, the possibility of working in harsh weather conditions, a wide tolerance of the components used - all these advantages make a scheme universal and accessible to independent repetition.

The Chinese inverter is 250-300 watt, you can buy somewhere for $ 30-40, I spent $ 5 on this inverter - I bought only field transistors, everything else is on the attic I think everyone.

Elemental base

In the strapping, the minimum number of components. IRFZ44 transistors can be successfully replaced by IRFZ40 / 46/48 or more powerful - IRF3205 / IRL3705, they are not critical.

TIP41 multivibrator transistors (KT819) can be replaced by KT805, KT815, KT817, etc.

Successfully connected to this inverter TV, vacuum cleaner and other household devices, it works well if the device has a built-in pulse bp, then you will not notice the difference in the network and from the converter, in the case of a drill washing - starts with some sound, but it works quite OK.

The fee was drawn by manually by ordinary manicure varnish.

Inverters 12-220 volts are needed for food, if there is no possibility to produce a household network. The feature of the device lies in the fact that it can be converted a constant voltage of 12 V in a variable 220 V. Literally a few decades ago it seemed almost unthinkable, but today, when there is a huge element base, it is not difficult to make such a converter.

Power inverter

Use the car inverter 12-220 during travel. Any household appliances will be able to work even in the field. That's just the maximum allowable load is small - several hundred watts. The most powerful devices allow you to connect a load with a power of 2-3 kW, but accumulator battery quickly sit down. Types of current consumption loads:

Reactive - the energy obtained from the power supply is partially consumed.
Active - energy is consumed at the maximum.

If you know exactly what load will be connected to the inverter, then the calculation of the maximum power will not be much labor. Suppose you plan to connect a load with a maximum power of 300 watts to the device. The power of the inverter itself must be about 25% more - such a stock is quite enough. Therefore, an inverter with a power of 375 W is needed to fully satisfy the needs. But such you will not find on sale. Therefore, you need to choose a 400 W device - the most close to the value.

Where can I use these devices?

The easiest type of voltage inverter 12-220 volts is uninterruptible power sources used in computer technician. But they have one big drawback - low power, the battery is enough for a short time. And if the device is used in a pair with a mini-power station (even wind type), then stable food is provided. Usually inverters can be found in such structures:

Security alarms.
Heating boilers.
Pumping stations.
Computer servers and other systems.

In other words, they are used where it is necessary to constantly have a 220 volt power supply. Household voltage stabilizers are nothing more than inverters. Alternatively, the variable voltage is converted into constant, stabilizes, after which it rises again to 220 volts. Moreover, with the help of electrical semiconductor keys and the PWM modulator, it turns out almost perfect sinusoids.

Features of the design

Inverters 12-220 volts are pretty wide. Private motorists use them as a power source during long-distance travel. It is elementary to turn on the electric razor, a hairdryer, a TV, even a teapot boost. True, the battery will quickly. Therefore, it is better to use devices to power the devices of essentials and lighting.

The most simple homemade inverters 12-220 V can be made of several power transistors and a multivibrator. Operation of the device can occur even with a strong frost. But for heat it is necessary to provide additional cooling, otherwise the transistors will fail. Simple cooler OT. personal computer It is enough to install on the cooling radiator semiconductor power transistors.

The simplest homemade inverter

Almost all inverters that are on sale are working with the use of high frequency current. Classic schemes that were manufactured based on transformers are completely forgotten, they were replaced by impulse structures.

Based on a single microcircuit of K561TM2, consisting of two D triggers, you can make the simplest specifying path for the inverter. The scheme consists of a specifying generator whose role is performed by DD1, as well as the frequency divider made on the DD1.2 trigger.

CT827 or KT819 strength transistors are used to convert the voltage. Very good results show IRFZ44 field transistors. With the help of a specifying generator, a sinusoid is produced, which is necessary for normal design work.

Features of the inverter

To get an outline in 50 Hz, it is necessary to use the secondary winding and parallel with it electrolytic capacitors and the load element. When the load is not connected to the output, the scheme does not work. As soon as you connect some consumer, the inverter will begin to convert a voltage of 12 to 220 volts.

Sinusoid at the exit far to the ideal. This is a huge drawback of this scheme. To increase power, it is necessary to use more expensive and efficient types of transistors. Pay attention to the electrolytic condenser that is connected to the output. It must be designed for the minimum voltage of 250 seconds will be better if this value is above 300 V.

Devices on a modern element database

Such schemes can be used to feed household appliances, daytime lamps, etc. In the design of the CT819GM \u200b\u200bpower transistors are mounted on the radiator with a large area to improve cooling. The scheme contains a master generator on the logical element of the KR121EU1, by analogy, as in the case considered above, and the IRL2505 field transistors are well operated well.

The choice on the CR12116U1 chip is not accidental - it has two-channel adjustment of power keys. Therefore for simple designs It fits perfectly. From the passive elements used in the circuit, the frequency will depend on the specifying generator. With the signal from the generator, the semiconductors are opened and locking.

When the channels in the transistors are open, then in it the resistance of only 0.008 ohms is very small. Therefore, it is possible to use transistors with a small power. For example, if a transformer is installed on the output, in which the power of 100 W, in terms of transistors in normal mode will flow about 104 A. in the pulse mode, the peak value can be 350-360 amps.

Ready boards for assembling inverters

You can find ready-made modules on sale. They are the boards on which:

Transformer.
Semiconductor power keys.
Radiator.
Passive elements.
Protective shutdown devices, fuses.

Such an inverter 12 in 220 pure sine at the exit will be issued, as it is made on the current cost of finished blocks is rather big. The most low-power will cost no less than 300-350 rubles, and then this is wholesale price. The higher the power of the device, the greater its cost.

But before using such devices, you need to find a suitable case. Installation of the board should be done in such a way that the internal space is well cooled. It is advisable to make additional forced cooling with a cooler from a personal computer. Inverter 12-220, the diagram of which is given above, must also be mounted in a secure case. The main thing is to accidentally not touched the high-voltage conclusions.

Uninterrupted the second life!

If you have an "extra" uninterrupted man, who has completely taken a battery, can still be revived. To do this, you will need to make small changes:

Remove the old battery.
Sold new wires to connect to 12 volts battery.
At the edges of the wires, install terminals for connecting to the automotive battery. If the device is used in the machine, you can make meals from the cigarette lighter. But it is undesirable to act like that - the high power of the device causes excessive heating of the wires.

To connect homemade equipment to the uninterruptible power supply, you need to make sockets. The easiest of the old network filter And the segment of the wire with the plug to make carrying, in which the whole technique will be included.

Design features based on uninterruptible

FROM good battery 55 a / h such a design can support normal temperature In an incubator on 100 eggs, for example. Any farmer knows how terrible supercooling for incubators is. True, the power of such a device is small, air conditioning or refrigerator will not work normally.

One disadvantage of such a design - the standard scheme will not be able to fully charge car battery. Therefore, when the battery is completely sitting, it is necessary to charge it to charging from a normal device, outstanding over 5-6 amps.

Homemade powerful inverter

To make an inverter 12 to 220 3000W do it yourself, you will need knowledge of the foundations of electrical engineering, installation skills. We will have to make several specific elements. One of them is a pulse transformer. With it, there is an increase in voltage from 12 to 220 volts. You also need to get a few expensive elements. They are listed below:

Shim modulator. We need to work semiconductor keys. With it, the frequency of operation of the whole scheme is set. It should be noted that the frequency of switching power keys is several tens of thousands of times per second.
Semiconductor transistors operating as strength keys allow not only to increase the signal, but also to switch. They open and closed, and in a pair with a PHIM modulator create a practically clean sinusoid.
Aluminum radiators with a large surface area. The higher the power of the device, the large area of \u200b\u200bthe radiator is necessary.
Foil material on which all elements are installed. If you wish, of course, you can perform mounted installation, but it will take too much space. Such a homemade inverter 12-220 can be made with his own hands in a few minutes, but it will be unsafe, unless to take action.
Passive elements - resistors, capacitors.
Connecting wires.

In the manufacture of the device may also require several electromagnetic relays for switching. By the way, it is possible to decide that the use of simple electromagnetic relays is permissible instead of power keys. There is only one thing - the switching speed is very high (40-60 thousand positives per second). Therefore, electromechanical devices do not cope with such a task.

Ready inverters

If you do not want to make an inverter 12 to 220 3000W with your own hands, you can purchase a finished product in a beautiful case, with a mass of connectors for connecting devices. But the price hurts it. The cheapest, the power of which barely reaches 50 W, you can buy for 800-1000 rubles. And it is enough for its maximum for charging a laptop battery or a few lED lamps Lighting. Electric hairdryer or flux is no longer connected to such a device.

More powerful devices (over 2000 W) have the price appropriate. The cheapest inverter 12-220 V will cost 3000-5000 rubles. But it all depends on the manufacturer. High-quality multifunctional devices Production of well-known firms may have a cost of over 20,000 rubles. That is why people who are more or less versed in electrical engineering prefer to make the inverter 12-220 with their own hands. Benefit elements for manufacture can be found in the simplest power supply unit for a personal computer.

I did not meet the inverter schemes easier than this. To repeat you need a minimum of details - there are no more than 10 pieces. To obtain voltage at the outlet 220 volts, we need one finger battery with a voltage of 1.5 volts.

Inverters are necessary where there is no way to connect to the 220 volt network. Inverters are divided into two types: some have a sinusoidal voltage with a frequency of 50 Hz and are suitable for almost no load. Other modified has a high frequency at the output, about 500-10000 Hz and not always a sinusoidal waveform.
Inverters with a sinusoidal frequency of 50 Hz are expensive, since for the formation of a sinusoidal pulse of 50 Hz, a large transformer is needed or a simulation unit of electronics.
The simplest inverter which we will do we relate to the second group. And suitable for powering various pulsed power supplies, such as a charger for a telephone, an energy-saving light bulb - luminescent or LED.

Required components

Transformer 220V - 6B. You can exhaone from an old tape recorder, receiver, and the like. or buy here -
Battery Case AA - 1 -
Switch - 1 -
Printed circuit board - 1 -
BC547 transistor (domestic analog Kt3102, kt315) - 1 -
BD140 transistor with radiator (domestic analog CT814, KT816) - 1 -
Condenser 0.1 μF - 1-
30 com resistor - 1 -
Instruments:
Soldering iron, if suddenly you do not have to take here -

Scheme

Acquaintance with the inverter will start with the scheme. This is an ordinary multivibrator on a composite transistor. As a result, the generator at the output of which is worth an increase in transformer.
We collect the scheme. Makeup fee, with lots of holes. We insert the parts and sear them with jumpers according to the scheme.

Validation

If all the circuit components are good, and the scheme is assembled without errors, the inverter starts to work immediately and does not need the setup.

At the output of the inverter, connect the energy-saving lamp. Insert the battery and closure the switch. Light bulb caught fire.

Of course, its brightness is lower than when nutrition from the network, but the fact that it works from the 1.5 volt voltage element is a breakthrough!
Naturally, as everywhere there is a law of energy conservation. Based on which it follows that the current in the battery circuit will be several times higher than in the chain of the light bulb. In general, the battery must be necessarily alkaline, then there is a chance that it will work a little longer.

When installing and working with an inverter, be particularly careful, the voltage of 220 volts is dangerous for life. And, believe me, the batteries of 1.5 volts are enough to put the blow to the blow, and even cause a heart stop. As you know, it is enough to pass through a person about 100 mA through a person, which is quite capable of this inverter.