What does tempered glass mean? What is tempered glass

The main difference between standard and tempered glass is the production method. Tempered glass is created by heating and then rapidly cooling. The material processed by this method acquires new characteristics and changes its structure.

So what does this mean for you, the consumer?

One of the main characteristics of tempered glass is the difference in the behavior of the material when damaged. Under mechanical stress, ordinary glass will break into large, uneven pieces; tempered glass will crumble into small pieces. This eliminates the risk of injury from splinters or sharp edges and makes it a much safer option, which is why tempered glass is often referred to as “safety glass.”

Where is tempered glass usually used?

Due to a number of benefits in terms of safety and heat resistance (as a result of the manufacturing process), tempered glass is used in coffee machines, computer monitors, window units and much more. However, most often it is used as a protective film for mobile phones and other portable devices that are most susceptible to various mechanical damage.

What are the benefits of tempered glass for your phone (and other gadgets)?

Tempered glass protectors are the most common accessory for mobile devices. Externally, they are very similar to plastic lids. However, there are quite a few significant differences:

Thanks to its heat resistance, tempered glass protects your phone from possible damage caused by high temperatures.
Tempered glass is not as easy to scratch or damage compared to standard glass and plastic phone covers.
Tempered glass is five times thicker than plastic screen protectors, so it provides better impact protection.
Tempered glass can maintain the original appearance of your phone screen for a long time.

Due to the above advantages, tempered glass protectors come at higher prices.

Is it worth paying the price difference?

With protection from high temperatures, shocks and scratches, tempered glass protectors are a reliable way to keep your phone screen looking pristine. And if you drop your phone, the risk of damaging the screen will be minimized, so you will avoid the risk of damaging the device. Some vendors equip the screens of their models with tempered Gorilla Glass, mainly these are durable and shock-resistant smartphone models that require use in extreme conditions.

Tempered glass is in great demand today, despite the fact that its cost is higher than regular glass.

Currently, tempered glass is used for interior or exterior decoration, as well as for the production of various products.

Thanks to this, this material is gaining increasing popularity.

How tempered glass is made

To understand what stages the production of tempered glass includes, you need to know that the physical parameters of the products will depend on the total number of temperings. This process takes place in two main stages:

1) At the first stage, glass sheet is produced. Specialists mix the required proportions of sand with quartz and, as a result, a glass mass is obtained, which is subsequently rolled. When rolled, the glass acquires a sheet configuration.

2) Hardening activities are carried out many times in order to change the basic parameters of the glass.

Heating can reach very high temperatures, and then the products are blown with cold air. This ensures durability and no risk of mechanical damage.

Advantages of Tempered Glass

· In terms of strength, this glass is very reliable.

· Tempered glass is not affected by sudden changes in temperature conditions.

Due to its heat resistance, such glass can be used both for glazing building facades and for the production of shower cabins.

· Even if the glass can break, it is safe in terms of the absence of injuries. If tempered glass breaks, it shatters into many rounded pieces that are not sharp.

The nuances of working with tempered glass

Of course, all materials have certain disadvantages, to a greater or lesser extent. In particular, regarding this type of glass, we can say that they cannot be processed after tempering.

So, if a manufacturer wants to obtain, for example, a pattern or cutting to size, then these activities are carried out before hardening.

How to distinguish tempered glass from ordinary glass?

Suppliers who want to cheat often take advantage of the fact that in appearance these two types of glass are similar to each other, but still, there are certain differences:

If you lightly tap on the surface, the sound will be different (tempered glass produces a duller sound);

The presence of mesh contours on tempered glass, which can be recognized using polarized lenses;

Glass has found the widest application in interior design of premises and building facades. It is impossible to imagine any window design without it, and the production of transparent furniture has long been a promising type of business. However, along with the positive qualities, there are disadvantages: when broken, fragments with sharp edges are formed, which can cause an accident. To prevent such situations, tempered glass (stalinite) is used, which, when damaged, breaks down into many small particles.

Production

The manufacturing process is almost completely identical to standard technology. By mixing sand and quartz to a viscous state, a transparent mass is formed, which is shaped into sheets by rolling.

After this, to change the physical properties of the product, a repeated hardening procedure is necessary. Professional production of tempered glass is done by heating the surface to 700 ° C, and then blowing it with cold air to cool it faster. As a result of this effect, compressive stress arises on the glass surface, which causes an increase in resistance to mechanical stress. However, as the load increases, rapid destruction of the entire surface of the product occurs - it crumbles into many small fragments with non-sharp edges.

Before installing glass, you should carefully familiarize yourself with its physical parameters.

Properties

If the manufacturing technology is followed, it acquires unique performance characteristics. They are expressed in increased safety of use and the almost complete elimination of cuts and injuries.

In addition, it is worth noting the increased strength compared to ordinary glass. The maximum load on the surface can be about 300 kg per 1 m². Significant temperature changes also do not affect changes in the properties of the product. But tempered glass has some disadvantages:

After production, surface treatment is practically impossible. Cutting tempered glass can only be carried out using special equipment - a diamond disc with constant water cooling.
High cost compared to standard products.
Increase in specific gravity.

The unique properties of tempered glass make it possible to use it in many areas of life.

Processing and cutting

Changing the structure of tempered glass directly affects its processing procedures. This applies to changing the configuration of the product, drilling holes, etc. To give the glass the desired shape, it is best to complete all work before the tempering procedure.

But this is not always possible - in some cases it is necessary to cut down the finished product. If you have a special processing machine, the configuration change procedure will not be difficult. It is enough to set a specific cutting program. manually is very problematic. But in some cases it succeeds. It is worth immediately noting that using a conventional glass cutter, products with a maximum thickness of 5 mm are processed. To partially relieve tension, the surface of tempered glass is wiped with White Spirit solvent. Then, in one motion, you need to make an incision along which a fracture will occur. The effort required for separation is small, and under no circumstances should you tap on the glass.

Glazing

Thanks to its unique properties, tempered glass can be used in many areas: from installation in window structures to the manufacture of luxury furniture. Its strength and safety have become fundamental factors for such popularity.

But the main purpose of tempered glass is still the production of transparent structures for building facades. To create a panoramic view, large sizes of structures are used. Since the weakest point of tempered glass is its end, precautions should be taken before installing it in the window frame. In the future, the structure successfully withstands large wind loads and mechanical stress.

Differences

It is almost impossible to distinguish a hardened product from a regular one by appearance. The result is revealed only when broken, or when the question arises, how to cut tempered glass? This is necessary to select the optimal configuration change technology. If you try to cut ordinary glass on a machine with a diamond blade, the result may be damage and breakage.

There are several ways to tell the difference:

A special device for determining the brand of glass. Used in production.
Different sound when tapped lightly. The hardened surface resonates low-pitched waves. The sound turns out dull.
When viewed through polarized lenses, small grid outlines can be seen on the surface of the tempered glass.

But the most optimal way is to use a point device. Its cost is relatively high, but it will quickly cover possible production damage resulting from processing the wrong product.

Strained glass used in cases where it is necessary not only not to increase the view and provide access to light, but also to protect objects behind the glass, including people. Such glass is obtained through the use of a heat treatment system, the so-called hardening, at the final stage of material production. When tempering such glass, it is heated to 600-800 °C and then quickly cooled, resulting in a mechanically and thermally strong material.

Tempered glass is approximately five to seven times stronger than regular glass of similar thickness. This glass breaks into small pieces with blunt ends, making it difficult to sustain serious injuries in an accident.

Strained glass during processing it acquires three main characteristics:

Heat resistance;
Increased mechanical strength;
High impact strength.

Specific technical characteristics of this glass are given in Table 1:

Apply strained glass for glazing of various objects requiring additional protection. The main areas of application of the material are the following objects:

Glass office partitions;
Glass fencing;
Doors made of glass of various types;
Shower cabins and doors for saunas.

This type of glass has a wide range of applications in the interiors of buildings, residential buildings, offices, trading floors and banks. Tempered glass is especially widely used for fencing observation platforms, stairs, balconies, protecting people from falling and increasing visibility. To protect against theft of exhibits, the museum also uses tempered glass.

This type of glass is used to make sliding doors and entrance doors in various buildings and premises. In addition, such glass is used in the production of doors and partitions for saunas and showers and internal partitions. Tempered glass doors give buildings a modern look and are very convenient and easy to use.

Ready strained glass must not be further processed, cut or drilled, or subjected to chemical treatment as this may cause premature failure of the material. Such glass must initially be made of the required size with the necessary holes. If necessary, drawings can also be made on such glass.

Such glass must withstand the fall of a soft body weighing approximately 45 kg. Typically, tempered glass is divided into protection classes, which depend on the height of the fall of the body. Protection classes are given in table 2:

Tempered glass is also selected depending on the purpose of the object. This is how the most durable glass with a high protection class is installed on observation platforms. For doors or internal partitions, you can select glass of protection class CM 1 and CM 2. Each sheet of glass is subjected to special tests and tested according to established standards. In this case, a sheet of glass is clamped in a horizontal or vertical position and special tests are carried out.

During operation, tempered glass should not be wiped with a cloth containing abrasive chemical elements. The temperature range of permissible glass operating values is quite wide - from minus 150 to plus 300 °C. If it is necessary to use glass in other temperature ranges, additional testing of the glass should be carried out. Very often, tempered glass is used in bulletproof, fireproof and explosion-resistant structures.

Tempered glass is in great demand for the manufacture of all-glass structures and is widely used in the interiors of modern buildings and apartments. At the same time, the high quality and excellent characteristics of tempered glass are due to strict adherence to the material production technology.

Articles on construction Design. Architecture WHAT IS TEMPERED GLASS

WHAT IS TEMPERED GLASS

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WHAT IS TEMPERED GLASS
In recent years, the demand for tempered glass has increased significantly due to its increased mechanical strength compared to conventional sheet glass and safety during operation. Today, in many countries, glazing of the upper floors of buildings, as well as balconies and loggias, is permitted only with glass that is safe for use in order to avoid injury to people from large glass fragments that fall out when it breaks.
In addition, tempered glass is intended for safe glazing of translucent building structures (windows, doors, showcases, etc.) and is widely used in the manufacture of glass furniture and interior items.
Tempered glass is made from sheets of unpolished, polished or patterned glass in special tempering plants. If necessary, the required cuts, holes, and edges are first made in the glass, because ready-made tempered glass cannot be cut, drilled, or subjected to other types of mechanical processing.
Tempering glass is in some ways similar to tempering steel. First, it is heated above the softening temperature, and then quickly cooled in air jets. When cooled, the surface layers of glass harden first. When the inner layers cool, residual compressive stresses arise in them. These stresses provide the mechanical strength and heat resistance of glass.
Broken tempered glass breaks into small, sharp pieces. Moreover, this is regulated by the requirements of quality standards - during control destruction with a sharp hammer weighing 75 grams, tempered glass must have at least 40 fragments in a square measuring 50x50 mm or 160 fragments in a square of 100x100 mm.
The most vulnerable point of tempered glass is its edges. When installing structures, it is necessary to protect its ends from impacts, scratches and other damage.
The main advantages of tempered glass:
does not collapse from accidental household impacts;
has high thermal resistance, which allows it to be used for facade glazing
when broken, it forms small, safe glass fragments and does not fall out in large pieces that can injure people.
The bending strength of tempered glass can reach 250 MPa, which is more than 5 times higher than that of ordinary sheet glass.
When tested by impact, the strength of tempered glass increases several times. Tempered glass with a thickness of 4 mm can withstand the soft body test (a bag of lead shot weighing 45 kg) from a drop height of 1200 mm, but flat glass cannot withstand impact even from a height of 300 mm.
An increase in mechanical strength leads to an increase in heat resistance. Sheet glass has a heat resistance of about 400C, tempered glass - up to 1800C, which prevents the destruction of tempered glass when overheated or due to temperature changes.
The optical properties of glass (transmittance, absorption, reflection) after hardening practically do not change.
Due to the recent increase in terrorist attacks and man-made disasters, the problem of glazing safety has become more acute.
In our country, almost all glazing of buildings and structures is made of ordinary sheet glass, which performs its main function well - providing visual contact between the room and the outside world, but is a fragile material, upon impact it can collapse and fall out of the frames in large fragments that can injure people . Particularly dangerous is the fall of large glass fragments from the upper floors of buildings onto the street when the glass in windows or balconies breaks or falls out of the frames.
Currently, the requirements for tempered glass are regulated in Russia by the standard: GOST 30698-2000 "Tempered building glass. Technical conditions."
Since safety glazing must perform not only protective functions for a long time, but also the functions of ordinary building glass, the specified regulatory document provides requirements for its appearance, optical distortion, resistance to climatic factors: temperature, humidity, solar radiation; Depending on the type of glass, its resistance category or resistance class, requirements are established for withstanding mechanical and physical impacts.
Tempered glass during operation is divided into four protection classes - SM1, SM2, SM3, SM4. These classes apply to safety glass when tested with a so-called “soft body” (a leather bag filled with lead shot, weighing 45 kg).
In modern conditions, when the glazing area increases in relation to the total construction area, the market for glass used is expanding, it is necessary to conduct a thorough analysis of environmental factors affecting glass, building structures, operating conditions affecting the performance and required characteristics of glazing, and the possible consequences of terrorist attacks and disasters.
TEMPERED GLASS LLC
143952, Moscow region, Reutov, st. Dzerzhinskogo 4
Tel.8-903-513-06-18
[email protected]
http://zakalkastek.narod.ru/

Kelegar 2016-04-03

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