Buying and choosing the right domain name is the first step when creating and developing any site. We have collected detailed information so that you can easily understand this issue.

Domain Names: Differences depending on the country or industry

Domains are divided into several groups:

• National domains
• General domains
• Multilingual domains (IDN)
• Industry domains
• Geographic domains
• Territorial domains

In each of these groups, their features that we now consider in detail.

National domains Allocated for most countries ICANN Corporation. The domain name necessarily strictly corresponds to a two-letter code of the country from the ISO 3166 standard (for example, Domain.ru).

They are created specifically for the convenience of residents of countries, so most often the recorders allow you to register them only living in a certain state. But there are exceptions.

Currently, 252 national first level domains are announced.

General domains - top-level domains without restrictions, i.e. Registering them can any physical or legal person and for any purpose. The most famous: .com, .NET ,.org, .info,.. Bliz, .pro, .mobi, .name.

The same group includes domains for organizations or institutions.edu, .gov, .int I.MIL.

Multilingual domains Using the national alphabet of the country to form a domain name. Using transcoding through the PUNYCODE algorithm, such names are transformed into a set of Latin characters and are perceived by DNS systems and the rest.

Since 2010, there has been an opportunity to register domains in the Russian zone, to do it onlyresidents of the Russian Federation. In addition, the name must contain from 2 to 63 characters and include only the letters of the Russian alphabet, numbers and some characters. During the year after buying such a domain, the administrator change is prohibited.

For example, the website NEGRBLIZKO.PF is displayed as XN-90AbDeqfdngoldg6o.xn-P1AI. At the moment, absolutely all browsers can cope with such a transformation.

Industry domains. Their main appointment is a binding to organizations of certain industries and departments. These include 3rd level domains: .net.ru, .org.ru, .com.ru.

Geographic domains or geodomena - domains corresponding to the names of countries, cities or regions. Typical examples: .msk.ru, .irk.ru.

Territorial domains Participated with public domains and exist only thanks to Internet communities. The top-level domains include.eu, created specifically for the European Union, which was originally tied to the USSR, but now is the space of the Russian language on the Internet.

Registration of domains on Latin

Fundamental rules:

• The first and last symbol in the name of the domain can not be a hyphen.
• The beginning and end of the name can contain only the letter of the Latin alphabet or the figure.
• Words that contradict the interests of society or moral principles (Material words, insult religious feelings) cannot be present.
• Registration of domains is possible for a period of 1 year to 10 years.

Registration of domains in Cyrillic.rf

Fundamental rules:

• The minimum length of such a domain is 2 characters, the maximum - 63.
• The beginning and end of the name must contain only the letters of Cyrillic or numbers.
• It is allowed to use hyphens and the letter E as characters from the UTF-8 encoding.

General questions about working with domains

Is it possible to transfer a purchased domain to another hosting?

When buying a domain from one recorder, you can always transfer it to another registrar. For this, two conditions must be observed: there should be no less than 60 days from the date of registration and the domain should not be a subject of judicial age.

How long does the registration of a new domain last?

As a rule, the domain registration process takes no more than 10-15 minutes. Another thing is the deadline for updating registration data and the NS domain. It takes up to 48 hours: it all depends on the recorder database.

How long can I own a domain?

Save the domain name you can an unlimited amount of time, not forgetting it to extend it after the expiration. You can purchase a domain in advance, and place the site later, for example, in a year or two.

What if the Domain registration term has expired?

If the domestic registration period has expired, and you missed this moment, nothing terrible with the site will happen. All registrars at such a case exists a special "plug", which will be shown instead of the site.

If you have seen such a message, running in the domain control panel for payment. You can also install a check mark "Automatic extension of the domain" so that such a situation does not occur, and the site is not stuffed.

Made a mistake in the name of the domain, what to do?

If you made a mistake when registering the domain, you will most likely return money to return. In this case, the registrar's rules associated with this problem should be carefully read.

How to delegate a domain?

To delegate a domain, you must specify the NS addresses of the new recorder in its settings. After updating the DNS records (the process takes from 30 minutes to 72 hours) the site will switch to the registrar, whose data you indicated.

Domain bought, what is the next step?

After buying a domain name, you need to choose a hosting on which the site and CMS will be located for it. On many hosting engines for the site installed directly from the control panel.

And if you have already registered your first site, but do not know how to bring it to a decent mind, we recommend contacting our layout specialists. They will help you decide on the design and functionality of the future resource.

Hello, dear blog readers Website. This blog has detailed. After or during reading this publication, I advise you to familiarize yourself with that article to have a holistic picture. I also advise you to get acquainted with my publications on the topic, which means.

Today we have on the agenda - what is domain or domain name (In essence, these are synonyms). Well, in fact, everything is simple. This is a name for the site., which is assigned to him in return difficult to memorize the IP address of the server, on which this site is placed (see). Enter this name in the address bar of the browser and the site opens.

But difficulties arise in detail. What they are, how all this is arranged, what domain zones are how to understand which level domain and which of them can be registered, where it can be done and what zone to choose. I have a lot of questions and I will try to answer this "a small note".

What is a domain?

As I mentioned above, domain is a name for the site...162.192.0. And besides, imagine the situation. You posted a website on the hosting server (what it is here is higher) and received the IP address. But, having moved to another hosting IPI, will change that it will cause a catastrophe. But in the case of domain names, this will not happen. Why?

The fact is that there are thousands of DNS servers (domain name systems) on the Internet, which will be spelled out that the site domain is available on the ip address 108.162.192.0. If I move to another hosting, then I will go to the domain name registrar panel (where I bought it), I will change something and in all DNS servers of the Internet so that the site website needs to be looking for another. Conveniently because?

Convenient, but probably not clear. The main thing is that you need to understand - the name for the site is very important And it for life (as a rule, although it is possible to transfer the site to another domain if you wish, but it is not easy). As you call the boat, it will swim away. True, it is important not only the name, but also the level of the domain, as well as the zone to which it belongs. Again it is not clear? Well, let's in order.

How is the domain name

Let's start with the Azov. The domain recording (site name) should include all levels of domain nesting (all zones in which it enters) so that it is unique and confused.

There are two main domain Name Record Rules:

1. The zones entering this domain are listed on the right left.
2. Points are used as a separator.

It can look like this, for example, so:

Net.blog.Syt.

We receive the Fourth Net domain, which is part of the domain zone of the third level "blog", which is included in the second level zone "Ktonanovenkogo" belonging to the zone of the first level.ru. Nonsense, right? (My spouse checking errors in the article, it will be happy to confirm).

What levels of domains are distinguished

1. Root domain (zero) It is considered an empty entry, indicated by just a point (.). In theory, the full record of the domain name should always end with a point, but in most cases it is lowered (as it may be in mind) and instead of writing: the site.

   Using the most firmly fit relative entry of domains (without a point at the end):

2. Next follows the first level - this is usually regional (national) domains (.ru, .su, .ua, .us, .de, .fr, etc.) or thematic (.com, .edu, .org, .net, etc.). But also there are domain names of the first level, including national alphabets (for example, .rf).
3. Second level - these are the same domains that we are with you buy (register with special recorders). These prices differ not only depending on the ownership of one or another domain of the first level (for example, xxxxxxx.ru buy cheaper, as a rule, than xxxxxxx.com), but depending on the registrar (or its reseller - retailers).
4. Third, fourth, etc. - They no longer need to buy (usually) and can be created independently (without registering anywhere) on the basis of the purchased second level domain. For example, I can create such a name for the new site - Forum..for ..

Let's explain all this again for example:

1. . (point) - zero domain (root) level
2. rU - first level, also called top-level domain or zone
3. site - Second Level Domain Name
4. blog.Site - third-level domain
5. net.blog.set - fourth level

Domains of the upper (first) level

If you do not count the zero level (root - root domain), for it is emptiness, the base serve the so-called base top-level zones or domains (It is from them that the name of any site begins, though it seems that they are ends - but not the essence). They cannot be bought by an ordinary person, but it is from these zones that we will choose when buying a second level domain (name for your site).

So what they happen:

1. Domains of the first (higher) level, fastened for countriesThat usually among the chibs of smart people call the CCTLD abbreviation, which means Country Code Top-Level Domain. Russia has such people already two:
   1. sU - Rudiment, remaining from the Soviet Union and represents the space of resources in Russian
   2. rU - initially fixed by Russia
2. Domains with national alphabeticsThat is usually denoted by IDN abbreviation (International Domain Name). In Russia, this is Zona.Rf. In fact, their names are still recorded by English symbols (transcoding occurs), but it is hidden from the eyes. However, if you enter the address in the browser: http: //tonanovnye.rf/

   and after the transition to this site, copy its address from the address bar, then get quite uncomfortable by Ahinea:

   Http: //xn--80aedhwdrbcedeb8b2k.xn--p1ai/ here it turns out to look like not dignitarily looks. And it is in this form that it will have to be added to different services (type), and not in the form of Ktonanovsky.rf. This must be considered. Yes, and other problems are possible, although at first and not obvious.

3. Top general domains, Typically, the usual GTLD, which means Generic Top-Level Domain, is registered (sold) regardless of the country in which the webmaster lives. Most used of them:
   1. .com - for commercial projects
   2. .org - for non-commercial sites of various organizations
   3. .NET - for projects related to the Internet
   4. .edu - for educational institutions and projects
   5. .biz. - Only commercial organizations
   6. .info - for all information projects
   7. .name - for personal sites
   8. .gov - for US Gas Structures

How and where you can register (buy) domain in high level zones

The domain names of the second level are simply as a rule, do not get (and it is better not to try, for the name for the site is too important to risk them by registering it is not clear who). They cost money. Moreover payment is made in the yearAnd then the rental of the domain must be renewed.

Once again I will pay your attention - buy domain names of the second level, And all that is higher - you can create yourself on their base. This is usually done in the panel of your host in the subdomains section - these are the domains of the third and upper level, such as blog..blog.set.

Such companies are not so much (bright examples can serve REGRU and WebNames.), But they can have a whole network of resellers (partners) that will be engaged in the selection and sale of domains from their behalf. If you don't satisfy the current reseller, or you have strained strains with him, then by contacting the registrar, you can choose another reseller or go directly under the wing of the registrar.

At all with no restrictions You can buy domains in public areas.com, .NET ,.org, .info ,.izh.I.Name. In the zones and.edu, .gov I.MIL is such an opportunity only for institutions, as well as educational and military institutions. There are also a number of specialized first-level domains, for example, .travel, .jobs ,.aero ,.asia.

Second-level domain names in these public areas you can buy from any registrar (not only national) than, in fact, some resources are used in which conflicts with copyright holders may arise. The same torrents was forced to move to the public ORG zone, because its resource was blocked in the National domain zone of EN.

Second Level Domains - Checking for Employment and WHOIS

On the Internet there are already registered about half a billion domain names in various zones, so pick up a good (short, simple, sonorous) name in the desired zone is now quite not easy task (just as difficult). A third of the registered names is not used at all, because it was bought for resale (successful domains can cost expensive on the secondary market - sometimes many millions of dollars).

Checking a domain name for employment

Therefore, the first thing that is worth do during the selection of a suitable domain for the site is. This can be done from various registrars (the result will be the same, for they use the common base).

Therefore, when viewing information about the domain in the so-called wHOIS record You can detect your personal data there, which it was necessary to specify when registering. In my opinion, it is better to hide this information, because there are enough dashing people and in the Internet (although, if you need problems in a flat place ...).

The history of the domain name and the purchase of liberated domains

The history of ownership of the domain can be traced in the so-called. There it will be possible to see that the sites have ever been placed on this domain name that they represented themselves and whether their history will not affect the initial relationship of the search engines to your site.

Slightly below are given domains currently released (For detailed viewing click at the price):

Good luck to you! To ambiguous meetings on the blog pages Website

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What is a domain, domain levels, domain zones.

According to the domain name, you can find out some affiliation of the site: .ru - Russian-speaking sites, .ua - Ukrainian sites, .by - Belarusian sites, .com - commercial sites (from the word commerce). Although, without entering the site, only the domain is often not possible to absolutely correctly define its belonging. Often a Web master when buying a domain is based only on its cost, or, on the freedom of the name of interest in one of the zones. In Russia, for example, the COM zone is very popular (and not necessarily for a commercial site), the info, net, org zone.

Check the freedom of the domain you are interested in here:

domain RU - 99 rub domain of the Russian Federation - 99 rubles

By the way, if you buy hosting Hts.ru. then you get domain as a gift!

Domains are several levels.

First level domains (top level) Not used for names of sites by itself - this is what is put at the end of all domains after the point. All first-level domains can be divided into two large parts: these are common domains (publicly available and limited accessibility) and national domains. First level domains are also called domain zone.

List of shared domain zones

• cOM - Commercial (Commercial)
• eDU - EDUCATIONAL (Educational)
• nET - NETWORK (Organizations providing networking)
• aero - (Air Transport Industry)
• gOV - GOVERMENT (Government)
• iNT - INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (international organizations)
• coop - (used by organizations providing cooperative services)
• museum - (Domain is available for registration only by museums)
• mIL - MILITARY (US military institutions)
• name - (created for domains of the name name. Familia.name)
• oRG - ORGANIZATION (Non-Profit Organizations)
• pro - Professional (domain for certified professionals: doctors, lawyers, etc.)
• mOBI - Mobile (Cellular Machines and Operators)
• iNFO - INFORMATION SERVICES (information nodes)
• biz - Businesses, Firms (Commercial Organizations)
• tV - Television (television companies, organizations carrying out television services)
• aRPA - Arpanet.

List of first-level geographic domains

AD - Andorra.	AE - United Arab Emirates	AF - Afghanistan.
AG - Antigua & Barbuda	AI - Anguilla.	Al - Albania
AM - Armenia.	AN - NETHERLANDS ANTILLES	AO - Angola.
AQ - Antarctica.	Ar - Argentina.	AS - American Samoa
AT - Austria.	Au - Australia.	AW - Aruba.
AZ - Azerbaijan.	BA - Bosnia & Herzegovina	BB - Barbados.
BD - Bangladesh.	Be - Belgium.	BF - Burkina Faso
BG - Bulgaria.	BH - Bahrain.	BI - Burundi.
BJ - Benin.	BM - Bermuda.	BN - BRUNEI DARUSSALAM
Bo - Bolivia.	Br - Brazil.	BS - The Bahamasas
BT - Bhutan.	BV - Bouvet Island	BW - Botswana.
By - Belarus.	BZ - Belize.	CA - Canada.
CC - Cocos Islands	CF - Central Africa	CG - Congo.
CH - Switzerland.	CI - Cote D "Ivoire	CK - Cook Islands
Cl - Chile.	CM - Cameroon	CN - China.
CO - Colombia.	CR - Costa Rica	Cu - Cuba.
CV - Cape Verde	CX - Christmas Island	CY - Cyprus.
CZ - Czech Rep.	DE - Germany	DJ - DJIBOUTI
DK - DENMARK.	DM - Dominica.	Do - Dominican Rep.
DZ - Algeria.	EC - Ecuador	EE - Estonia.
EG - Egypt.	EH - Western Sahara	ER - Eritrea.
ES - Spain.	ET - Ethiopia.	Fi - Finland
FJ - Fiji.	FK - Falkland Islands	FM - Micronesia.
FO - Faroe Islands	FR - France.	FX - France Metr.
GA - GABON.	GD - Grenada.	GE - Georgia.
GF - FRENCH GUYANA	GG - Guernsey.	GH - Ghana.
Gi - Gibraltar	GL - Greenland.	GM - Gambia.
GN - Guinea.	GP - Guadeloupe.	GQ - Equatorial Guinea
GR - Greece.	GS - South Georgia	GT - Guatemala
GU - Guam	GW - Guinea Bissau	Gy - Guyana.
HK - Hong Kong	HM - Heard	HN - Honduras.
HR - Croatia.	HT - Haiti	HU - HUNGARY.
ID - Indonesia.	IE - Ireland.	IL - Israel
IS - ISLE OF MAN	In - India	IO - British Indian Ocean
IQ - Iraq.	IR - Iran	IS - Iceland
IT - Italy.	Je - Jersey	JM - Jamaica.
Jo - Jordan	JP - Japan.	KE - Kenya.
KG - Kyrgyzstan.	KH - Cambodia.	Ki - Kiribati.
KM - COMOROS.	KN - St. Kitts and Nevis.	KP - Korea, North
KR - Korea, South	KW - Kuwait.	KY - Cayman Islands
KZ - Kazakhstan.	La - Laos.	LB - Lebanon
LC - St. Lucia.	Li - Liechtenstein.	LK - Sri Lanka
LR - LIBERIA	LS - Lesotho.	LT - Lithuania.
Lu - Luxembourg.	LV - Latvia.	LY - LIBYA.
MA - Morocco.	MC - Monaco.	MD - Moldova.
MG - Madagascar	MH - Marshall ISL.	MK - Macedonia.
ML - Mali.	MM - Myanmar	MN - Mongolia.
Mo - Macao.	MP - North Mariana I.	MQ - Martinique.
MR - Mauritania.	MS - Montserrat.	MT - Malta.
Mu - Mauritius.	MV - Maldives.	MW - Malawi
MX - Mexico.	My - Malaysia.	MZ - Mozambique.
Na - Namibia.	NC - New Caledonia	NE - Niger.
NF - Norfolk Island	NG - Nigeria	Ni - Nicaragua.
NL - Netherlands.	No - Norway	No - St. Pierre-Miquelon.
NP - Nepal	NR - Nauru.	Nu - Niue
NZ - New Zealand	OM - Oman.	PA - Panama.
PE - Peru.	PF - FRENCH POLYNESIA	PG - Papua New Guinea
PH - Philippines.	PK - Pakistan	PL - Poland.
PN - Pitcairn.	PR - Puerto Rico	Pt - Portugal
PW - Palau.	PY - Paraguay.	QA - Qatar
Re - ReUNion.	Ro - Romania	RU - Russia.
RW - rwanda.	SA - SAUDI ARABIA	SB - Solomon Islands
SC - Seychelles	SD - Sudan	SE - Swedeen.
SG - Singapore.	Sh - St. Helena	Si - Slovenia.
SJ - Svalbard	SK - Slovakia.	SL - Sierra Leone
SM - San Marino	SN - Senegal	SO - Somalia.
SR - Suriname.	ST - SAO Tome-Principe	SV - El Salvador
SY - Syria.	SZ - Swaziland.	TC - TURK-CAICOS I.
TD - CHAD.	TF - FRENCH SOUTH T.	TG - Togo.
Th - Thailand	TJ - Tajikistan	TK - Tokelau.
TM - Turkmenistan	TN - TUNISIA	To - Tonga.
TP - EAST TIMOR	TR - TURKEY.	TT - Trinidad-Tobago
TV - Tuvalu.	TW - Taiwan.	TZ - Tanzania.
UA - Ukraine	UG - uganda.	UK - UNITED KINGDOM
UM - MINOR OUTLYING I.	US - United States	UY - Uruguay.
Uz - Uzbekistan.	VA - Vatican	VC - St. Vincent-Grenadines.
Ve - venezeula.	VG - Virgin Islands (BR)	VI - Virgin Islands (US)
VN - Vietnam	Vu - Vanuatu.	WF - Wallis and Futuna I.
WS - Samoa.	Ye - yemen.	YT - Mayotte.
Yu - Yugoslavia.	ZA - SOUTH AFRICA	ZM - Zambia.
Zr - Zaire

As can be seen, among general destination domains There are those available to register any user (COM, NET, ORG, INFO, BIZ, NAME, etc.), and such that are available only to organizations corresponding to the domain zone status (these are INT domains that are allocated for international Organizations, EDU - for higher educational institutions of the United States, GOV - for US government organizations, etc.).

National (geographical) domains - These are two-letter first-level domains that are appointed by the International Organization of Internet Assigned Numbers Authority in coordination with Internet communities in accordance with the codes of these countries. Currently, there are about 243 national domains in the world, including RU, SU, UA, DE, US, UK, JP and others.

Domain.ru is the National Domain of the Russian Federation. If your site will attend mostly people from Russia or your company leads activities in Russia, then the domain in the area.ru is ideal for the address of your site (moreover, he is one of the cheapest). Also, there is an opinion that sites on domains.ru are more accurately indexed by Yandex.

When adding the word to the first level domain we get second level domain (for example, site). If you add another keyword, then it turns out third level domain (for example, news.yandex.ru), which is also called subdomain (sub-domain). Subdomains are often used to place different sections of one site on them, or, to publish a site in another language. Search engines are considered subdomains with different sites (if they are not mirrors of the main site). Also, subdomains are used as free gift domains on hosting. In the same way, the principle is formed fourth level domainsBut, on the Internet, they are extremely rare, which, in general, is correct, because their name is difficult to memorize.

All domains are registered on the physical, or a legal entity. Information about the owner of the domain Displays WHOIS (from WHO IS - "Who?"). WHOIS service provides, for example, this site www.networksolutions.com/whois/. The information is displayed the name of the owner, its contact details, hosting, on which this site is enshrined, registration date. If desired, some registrars can hide registration information about the owner, leaving only the contact e-mail and the address of the hosting. This is carried out by Private Person.

Choose a domain for your site, or the company's website the case is not such a simple, as it seems at first glance. The domain must contain a certain word (or phrase), reflect or the name of the company, or the direction of its activities. It should be easily perceived by hearing (suddenly he will have to dictate him by phone), to remember and associate with your company. It is also desirable that, not knowing the address of the site, but using its intuition, the user could correctly introduce a domain (example - classmates).

All the difficulty is that millions of domains are already registered, and it is sometimes extremely difficult to find suitable. At the same time, not all domains are registered for direct use, many are registered propassis, for future resale (cybercurrent), or, for earnings in the parking of domains.

For serious projects, it is recommended to register the 2nd level domains in all popular international zones and in all writing options. This is done on the 2nd reasons: the user may implays the zone, or make an error in the name, but still gets to your site, and this will prevent the possibility of blackmail cybercoverotters.

Oddly enough, but the cheapest is the most popular domain.ru. For example, you can buy it all for 99r per year!

In general, the domain is an integral part of the Internet, a source of earnings and the first stage in the creation of the site.

United Arab Emirates (United Arab Emirates)
.Af - Afghanistan (Afghanistan)
.AG - Antigua and Barbuda (Antigua and Barbuda)
.Ai - Anguilla.
.Al - Albania (Albania)
.AM. - Armenia (Armenia)
.An - Netherlands Antilles (Holland Antilles)
.Ao - Angola (Angola)
.AQ - Antarctica (Antarctica)
.Ar - Argentina (Argentina)
.As - American Samoa (American Samoa)
.AT. - Austria (Austria)
.AU. - Australia (Australia)
.Aw - Aruba (Aruba)
.Ax - Aland Islands (Aland Islands)
.Az. - Azerbaijan (Azerbaijan)
.Ba - Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnia and Herzegovina)
.Bb - Barbados (Barbados)
.Bd - Bangladesh (Bangladesh)
.BE. - BELGIUM (Belgium)
.Bf - Burkina Faso (Burkina Faso)
.Bg - Bulgaria (Bulgaria)
.Bh - Bahrain (Bahrain)
.BI - Burundi (Burundi)
.Bj - Benin (Benin)
.Bm - Bermuda (Bermuda)
.Bn - Brunei Darussalam (Brunei)
.Bo - Bolivia (Bolivia)
.Br - Brazil (Brazil)
.Bs - Bahamas (Bahamas)
.Bt - Bhutan (Bhutan)
.Bv - Bouvet Island
.Bw - Botswana (Botswana)
.By - BELARUS (Belarus)
.Bz - Belize (Belize)
.CA. - Canada (Canada)
.CC. - Cocos (Keeling) Islands (Coconut Islands)
.Cd - Congo (Congo)
.Cf - Central African Republic (Central African Republic)
.Cg - Congo (Congo)
.Ch - Switzerland (Switzerland)
.Ci - Cote D "Ivoire (Côte d" Ivoire)
.Ck - Cook Islands (Cook Islands)
.Cl - Chile (Chile)
.Cm - Cameroon (Cameroon)
.CN. - China (China)
.CO - Colombia (Colombia)
.CR - Costa Rica (Costa Rica)
.Cs - Serbia and Montenegro (Serbia and Montenegro)
.Cu - Cuba (Cuba)
.Cv - Cape Verde (Cape Verde)
.Cx - Christmas Island (Christmas Island)
.CY. - Cyprus (Cyprus)
.CZ. - Czech Republic (Czech Republic)
.DE. - Germany (Germany)
.DJ. - DJIBOUTI (Djibouti)
.Dk - Denmark (Denmark)
.Dm - Dominica (Dominica)
.Do - Dominican Republic (Dominican Republic)
.Dz - Algeria (Algeria)
.Ec - Ecuador (Ecuador)
.EE - Estonia (Estonia)
.EG - Egypt (Egypt)
.Eh - Western Sahara (Western Sahara)
.Er - Eritrea (Eritrea)
.Es - Spain (Spain)
.Et - Ethiopia (Ethiopia)
.EU - EUROPEAN UNION (European Union)
.Fi - FINLAND (Finland)
.Fj - Fiji (Fiji)
.Fk - Falkland Islands (Falkland Islands)
.FM. - Micronesia (Micronesia)
.Fo - Faroe Islands (Faroe Islands)
.Fr. - France (France)
.Ga - Gabon (Gabon)
.Gb - United Kingdom (United Kingdom)
.Gd - Grenada (Grenada)
.GE. - Georgia (Georgia)
.GF - FRENCH GUIANA (French Guiana)
.Gg - Guernsey (Guernsey Island)
.Gh - Ghana (Ghana)
.Gi - Gibraltar (Gibraltar)
.Gl - Greenland (Greenland)
.Gm - Gambia (Gambia)
.Gn - Guinea (Guinea)
.Gp - Guadeloupe (Guadeloupe)
.Gq - Equatorial Guinea (Equatorial Guinea)
.GR. - Greece (Greece)
.Gs - South Georgia and The South Sandwich Islands
.GT - Guatemala (Guatemala)
.Gu - Guam (GUAM)
.Gw - Guinea-Bissau (Guinea-Bissau)
.Gy - GUYANA (Guyana)
.Hk - Hong Kong (Hong Kong)
.Hm - Heard and McDonald Islands
.Hn - Honduras (Honduras)
.Hr - Croatia / Hrvatska (Croatia)
.Ht - Haiti (Haiti)
.Hu - Hungary (Hungary)
.Id - Indonesia (Indonesia)
.IE. - Ireland (Ireland)
.Il - Israel (Israel)
.Im - Isle Of Man (Man Island)
.IN. - India (India)
.IO. - British Indian Ocean Territory
.Iq - Iraq (Iraq)
.Ir - Iran (Iran)
.Is - Iceland (Iceland)
.IT. - ITALY (Italy)
.Je - Jersey (Jersey Island)
.Jm - Jamaica (Jamaica)
.Jo - Jordan (Jordan)
.JP. - Japan (Japan)
.Ke - Kenya (Kenya)
.Kg. - Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyzstan)
.Kh - Cambodia (Cambodia)
.Ki - Kiribati (Kiribati)
.Km - Comoros (Comoros)
.Kn - Saint Kitts and Nevis (Saint Kitts and Nevis)
.Kp - Korea (North Korea)
.Kr - Korea (South Korea)
.Kw - Kuwait (Kuwait)
.Ky - Cayman Islands (Cayman Islands)
.KZ. - Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan)
.LA - Laos (Laos)
.Lb - Lebanon (Lebanon)
.Lc - Saint Lucia (Saint Lucia)
.Li - Liechtenstein (Liechtenstein)
.Lk - Sri Lanka (Sri Lanka)
.Lr - Liberia (Liberia)
.Ls - lesotho (Lesotho)
.Lt. - Lithuania (Lithuania)
.Lu - Luxembourg (Luxembourg)
.LV - Latvia (Latvia)
.Ly - Libya (Libya)
.Ma - Morocco (Morocco)
.Mc - Monaco (Monaco)
.MD. - MOLDOVA (Moldova)
.Mg - Madagascar (Madagascar)
.Mh - Marshall Islands (Marshall Islands)
.Mk - Macedonia (Macedonia)
.Ml - Mali (Mali)
.Mm - Myanmar (Myanmar)
.Mn - Mongolia (Mongolia)
.Mo - Macau (Macau)
.Mp - Northern Mariana Islands (Northern Mariana Islands)
.Mq - Martinique (Martinique)
.Mr - Mauritania (Mauritania)
.Ms - Montserrat (Montserrat)
.Mt - Malta (Malta)
.Mu - Mauritius (Mauritius)
.Mv - Maldives (Maldives)
.Mw - Malawi (Malawi)
.Mx - Mexico (Mexico)
.MY. - Malaysia (Malaysia)
.MZ - Mozambique (Mozambique)
.Na - Namibia (Namibia)
.Nc - New Caledonia (New Caledonia)
.Ne - Niger (Niger)
.Nf - Norfolk Island (Norfolk)
.Ng - Nigeria (Nigeria)
.Ni - Nicaragua (Nicaragua)
.Nl - Netherlands (Netherlands)
.No. - Norway (Norway)
.Np - Nepal (Nepal)
.NR - Nauru (Nauru)
.Nu. - Niue (NIUE)
.Nz - New Zealand (New Zealand)
.Om - Oman (Oman)
.Pa - Panama (Panama)
.PE - Peru (Peru)
.Pf - FRENCH POLYNESIA (French Polynesia)
.Pg - Papua New Guinea (Papua - New Guinea)
.Ph - Philippines (Philippines)
.Pk - Pakistan (Pakistan)
.PL - Poland (Poland)
.Pm - Saint Pierre and Miquelon (Saint Pierre and Miquelon)
.Pn - Pitcairn Island (Pitcairn Island)
.Pr - Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
.Ps - Palestine (Palestine)
.Pt. - PORTUGAL (Portugal)
.Pw - Palau (Palau)
.Py - Paraguay (Paraguay)
.QA - QATAR (Qatar)
.Re - Reunion Island (Reunion Island)
.Ro. - Romania (Romania)
.Ru - Russian Federation (Russia)
.Rw - Rwanda (Rwanda)
.SA - SAUDI ARABIA (Saudi Arabia)
.Sb - Solomon Islands (Solomon Islands)
.Sc - Seychelles (Seychelles)
.Sd - Sudan (Sudan)
.SE - Sweden (Sweden)
.SG. - Singapore (Singapore)
.Sh - Saint Helena (St. Helena Island)
.Si - Slovenia (Slovenia)
.Sj - Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands
.SK - Slovakia (Slovakia)
.Sl - Sierra Leone (Sierra Leone)
.Sm - San Marino (San Marino)
.Sn - Senegal (Senegal)
.SO - Somalia (Somalia)
.Sr - Suriname (Suriname)
.St - Sao Tome and Principe (Sao Tome and Principe)
.SU. - Soviet Union (USSR)
.Sv - El Salvador (Salvador)
.SY - Syria (Syria)
.Sz - Swaziland (Swaziland)
.Tc - TURKS AND CAICOS ISLANDS
.Td - Chad (Chad)
.TF - FRENCH SOUTHERN TERRITORIES
.Tg - Togo (Togo)
.TH. - Thailand (Thailand)
.TJ. - Tajikistan (Tajikistan)
.TK - Tokelau (Tokelau)
.Tl - Timor-Leste
.TM. - TURKMENISTAN (Turkmenistan)
.Tn - Tunisia (Tunisia)
.To - Tonga (Tonga)
.Tp - East Timor (East Timor)
.Tr - TURKEY (Turkey)
.Tt - Trinidad and Tobago (Trinidad and Tobago)
.TV. - Tuvalu (Tuvalu)
.Tw. - Taiwan (Taiwan)
.Tz - Tanzania (Tanzania)
.UA. - Ukraine (Ukraine)
.Ug - Uganda (Uganda)
.Uk. - United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)
.Um - United States Minor Outlying Islands
.US. - United States (USA)
.Uy - Uruguay (Uruguay)
.Uz. - Uzbekistan (Uzbekistan)
.Va - Holy See, Vatican (Vatican)
.Vc - Saint Vincent and The Grenadines (Saint Vincent and Grenadines)
.Ve - Venezuela (Venezuela)
.Vg - Virgin Islands, British (Virgin Islands, British)
.Vi - Virgin Islands, U.S. (Virgin Islands, USA)
.VN - Vietnam (Vietnam)
.Vu - Vanuatu (Vanuatu)
.Wf - Wallis and Futuna Islands
.WS. - Western Samoa (Western Samoa)
.Ye - Yemen (Yemen)
.YT - Mayotte
.Yu - Yugoslavia (Yugoslavia)
.ZA. - South Africa (South Africa)
.ZM - Zambia (Zambia)
.ZW - Zimbabwe (Zimbabwe)

The domain is the area of \u200b\u200bthe space of the hierarchical network names, which is denoted by a unique domain name, is served by a set of domain name servers (DNS) and centrally administered by the domain administrator. For each registered domain name identified a single administrator.

National domains

National domains (Country Code Top Level Domains - CCTLDS) - top-level domains are appointed by the International Organization of IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority) in coordination with Internet communities in accordance with the codes of countries and territories according to the international standard ISO 3166-1.

• Through the company .MasterHost, you can register the following domains in national zones: .ru .rf, .foetc.
• Upper level domains .ru. .rf are the domain of the Russian Federation.
• Domain names in zones .ru. .rf .su. Registered for a period of 1 year.
• Domains in zones .cc, .tv .fo. etc. You can register for a period of 1 year to 10 years.

General domains

All top-level domains can be divided into two large parts. First - general domains ( generic Tld. or gTLD.) And new top-level domains (New GTLD) - thematic domain zones, marked by their launch of a new Internet era.

Overview domains include domains.com, .NET ,.org ,.rus, etc.

New domains represented by ICANN as part of the New GTLD program and include, for example, such domain zones are like.site, .online ,.ooo, .fun, .ltd and many others. Unlike total top-level domains, most interesting options are not yet occupied and available for registration!

• Through the company. MasterHost you can register general domains
  in more than 260 domain zones: .com .NET, .org, .site .online .email .cam other.
• Domains in international zones you can register for a period of 1 year to 10 years.

Premium domains

The domains of the premium segment exist in various domain zones (.com, .NET ,.US ,.ooo and others).
Premium domains differ perfectly and remembered. For example, most two-grains domains are premium. In addition, premium domains are often consisting of used, bright and harmonious words.

The list of domains having a premium status is determined by the registry of the domain name zone on their own. The cost of registration and extension of premium domains may differ from the standard value of the domain. Special prices and shares for registration and extension of domain names as a general rule do not apply to premium domain names.

Multilingual domains (IDN)

Multilingual domain names are the names represented by the symbols of national alphabets in combination with the domain zone on Latin.

The DNS system works only with Latin characters, so direct registration of such names in the registry is impossible.

However, there is another way: the site address from the symbols of the national alphabets, introduced into the address bar of the browser, is converted by the resources of the program itself into a set of Latin characters, which is acceptable for registration in the registry.

Today, such a transformation is carried out by all modern browsers. For example, moydomen.su. Not a domain name as such. This IDN or representation for the traditional domain on Latin xn--d1acklchcc.su.which is obtained by transcoding on a special PUNYCODE algorithm.

Registration of multilingual domains is available in many country and international zones.
(for example, in areas, COM, .NET, .LTD, .Space, etc.).

In the domain.su is available to register domain names, not only Cyrillic domain names, but also consisting of symbols of Greek, Cyrillic, Armenian, Arab, Georgian alphabets and Hebrew.

• In Zonakh.rus I.rf, you can register a domain only a Cyrillic domain.

Industry domains

Industry domains are designed to register the domain names of the third level, taking into account the sectoral, departmental and other similar specifics. Registration of sectoral domains is made. MasterHost through partner registrars.

Industry domains include:

• .NET.RU - for organizations carrying out projects related to the development of the Internet;
• .org.ru - for non-commercial organizations;
• .pp.ru - for individuals;
• .com.ru - For commercial organizations.

Geographic domains

Geographic domain names recognize the established designations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

• Registration of sectoral domains is made. MasterHost through partner registrars.
• Registration is made for a period of one year.

Territorial domains

As part of general domains, there are so-called sponsored domain zones. (STLD).

They are supported at the expense of funds that are allocated by representatives of the Internet community, most interested in their existence.

At the same time inside gTLD. and ccTLD. Domains can be distinguished by a number of zones that were delegated to certain territories or regions. Considering their specificity, it makes sense to unite them into a special group of so-called "territorial domains".

The main territorial domains include:

.eu - National top-level domain for the European Union. In order to register a domain in the .EU zone, it is necessary to be a resident of the European Union or have a permanent representative in its territory.

.su. - Originally delegated for the USSR. However, a geopolitical space has been preserved, in which economic and political connections are still extremely strong. Therefore, it was decided to position the .su domain as the common space of the Russian language on the Internet.

Domains in zones .eu. and .su. Registered for a period of 1 year.

Rules for registration of domains in zone.ru

• the total domain name must be ended with the characters ".ru";
• the preceding part of the domain name must contain from 2 to 63 characters, begin and end the letter of the Latin alphabet or the number;
• intermediate characters in a domain name can be the letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or hyphen;
• the domain name cannot contain hyphens simultaneously in the 3rd and positions;

Regulations for registration of domains in zone.rf

• the total domain name should be ended with the symbols ".rf";
• the preceding part of the domain name must contain such a number of characters so that the representation in the PUNYCODE encoding contains from 2 to 63 characters, began to begin and end with the letter of the Cyrillic alphabet or digit;
• cyrillic domain name may consist of the letters of a Cyrillic alphabet, numbers from zero (0) to nine (9) and the symbol "Defis" (-);
• the letters of the Russian alphabet are permissible letters, including the letter "E"; Capital and lowercase letters do not differ;
• to delegate a domain name, you must pass mobile authorization, specifying the code received by SMS in the control panel. Without this action, the domain will be registered, but will remain in the status of not delegated.

Rules for registration of international, country and sponsored domains

• The total domain name should be ended with symbols corresponding to the domain zone.
• The preceding part of the domain name must contain:
  1. in domains.pw ,.rus - from 3 to 63 characters;
  2. in other international domains - from 2 to 63 characters;
• Intermediate characters in a domain name can be the letters of the Latin alphabet, numbers or hyphen.
• The domain name cannot begin or end to the hyphen.

Rules for registration of domains using the symbols of the National Language

• The domain name may consist of the letters of the national alphabet, numbers and hyphens.
• Intermediate characters can be the letters of the national alphabet, numbers or hyphen.
• The maximum length of the domain name in the PUNYCODE encoding cannot exceed 63 characters.

ICANN website: https://www.icann.org/

Unified Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP): https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/udrp-2012-02-25-ru

Registry operators:

• ANO "Coordination Center Domainov.RU / .rf": https://cctld.ru/
• Internet Development Fund: www.fid.su
• Verisign Inc: Domains.com, .NET https://www.verisign.com/
• Public Interest Registry: Domain.org: https://pir.org/policies/
• LLC "Russian names": domain.ru: http://rusnames.ru/rules.pl
• Donuts Inc. https://donuts.domains/about/poliCies/
• Centralnic Ltd. https://www.centralnic.com/support/terms
• RADIX TLDS. https://radix.website/poliCies/