Steel. Standards microstructure

Group B09.

State Standard Soyu3A SSR

Steel

Standards microstructure

Date of introduction 1957-07-01 approved and enforced by the Committee of Standards, Measures and measuring instruments under the Council of Ministers Union of SSR 26.XI.1956

Reprint. April 1972

This standard sets the scales of the main elements of the steel structure: perlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides.

I. General provisions

1. To estimate the microstructure, samples with an area of \u200b\u200b0.5-1.0 cm 2 and smaller sizes should be cut off if the studied small size product.

2. The number of samples and the place of their tenderloin, depending on the purpose, sizes and method of manufacturing the object under study should be specified in the relevant standards or technical conditions.

3. The etching of samples made from samples is produced in an alcoholic solution of nitric or picric acid: 4 cm 3 nitric acid (UD. 1.405) per 100 cm 3 or 4 g of picric acid per 100 cm 3 alcohol, or a mixture of these solutions in ratio 1: 4.

II. Definition of microstructures

4. Applied microscope increases:

A) Determination of the dispersion of the plate and granular perlite with an increase in 1000. In the absence of optics, the definition is made to increase the increase in 1000 times, with an increase in 500 or 600, using Table. 1 (for lamellar perlite) and table. 2 (for grainy perlite) to determine the score.

Table 1

For increase 1000 For others Increases

table 2

For increase 1000 For others Increases

B) Determination of the size of the needle of martensite - with an increase of 1000. In the absence of optics, for obtaining an increase of 1000, the definition is produced by increasing 500 and 600, using the table. 3 to determine the score.

Table 3.

For increase 1000 For others Increases

C) determination of nitrides and carbide mesh - with increasing 500.

D) determination of carbide inhomogeneity - with increasing 100.

In this case, the assessment of nitrides, carbide mesh and carbide inhomogeneity is made by comparing the worst on the inclusion of the field of view, occurring when viewing the area of \u200b\u200bthe grind, with the corresponding scales of this standard.

For a more accurate quantitative metallographic analysis of structural components, a linear or planimetric method is used.

6. Depending on the degree of dispersion, the plate perlite is divided into 10 points according to Table. 4 and scale 1 of this standard.

Table 4.

	Characteristic Perlita	Interplasteen Distance, MK
	Sorbito	Less than 0.20.
	Hidden flattened
	Thin plane
	Melkilloplast
	Melkilloplast
	Middle-glistening
	Middle-glistening
	Large-eyed
	Large-eyed
	Roughoplastic	More than 2.00.

Note. The interplasteed distance is determined in the grains of perlite the greatest dispersion, where cementite plates are perpendicular to the plane of the grind.

7. Depending on the dispersion of cementite grains, the grainy perlite is divided into 10 points, according to Table. 5 and scale 2 of this standard.

Table 5.

	Characteristic Perlita	The average diameter of cement grains, MK
	Cotton	Up to 0.25.
	Extreme fine-grained
	Fine-grained
	Fine-grained
	Mediterranean
	Mediterranean
	Coarse
	Coarse
	Coarse
	Mlowerous	More than 3.00.

Note. Scale 2 does not characterize the size of excess carbides.

Martensit

8. Depending on the size (length), the needles martensite is divided into 10 points, according to the table. 6 and scale 3.

Table 6.

	Characteristic of Martensita	The greatest length needle, MK
	Hidden	Less than 0.2.
	Extremely finelyung
	Small muggy
	Small muggy
	Medium-making
	Medium-making
	Large global
	Large global
	Large global
	Roughurgoli	More than 20.0.

Note. Scale 3 is also applied to evaluate sorbitol, if it is stored oriented martensite.

Nitrides

9. Depending on the number of nitrides (the number of pieces on a certain microblyph area), the steel structure is divided into 10 points, according to Table. 7 and scale 4 of this standard.

Table 7.

A. Nitrides with a length of needles up to 10 MK		B. Nitrides with a length of needles more than 10 microns
500 pcs.	MM.	The number of nitrides on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle of 70 mm with increasing 500 pcs.	The total length of nitrides on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle of 70 mm with an increase in 500 MM.









More than 32.	More than 160.	More than 20.	More than 160.

Note. In the presence of small and large nitrides in the structure of small and large nitrides, the structure of the structure is made with a scale of 4b with more than 50% of nitrides with the magnitude of the needle 10 and more microns.

10. Depending on the nature of the carbide mesh, the steel structure is divided into 6 points, according to the scale 5 of this standard.

11. Depending on the nature of carbide inhomogeneity, the steel structure is divided into 6 points, according to the scale of 6 of this standard. At the same time, the upper range of (a) of the scale characterizes the structure of the zaletetoid steels, and the lower row (b) of the steel of the ice-grade class.

12. In compiling the enlarged scales for estimating the grain and plate perlite, martensite and nitrides allowed to use points 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 provided in scales 1, 2, 3 and 4.

ATTACHMENT
1. Depending on the amount of ferrite (the average percentage of an area occupied by the pearlite on a microclife), ferrito-pelite structure of steel is divided into 10 points, according to Table. 1 and the scale "The ratio of perlite and ferrite".

Table 1

Note. The scale is suitable for estimating the ratio of ferrite and perlite in the structure, regardless of the nature of the pearlite sections (plate, grainy, sorbitol), which are additionally characterized on the basis of matching them with the corresponding scales.

2. Depending on the relationship between the plate and grainy perlitis (the average percentage of a plastic perlite area), the steel structure is divided into 10 points, according to the table. 2 and the scale "The ratio of grain and plate perlite".

GOST 8233-56

Interstate standard

STEEL

Standards microstructure

Official edition

IPK Publishing House Standards Moscow

UDC 669.14 / .15: 620.186: 006.354

Group B09.

Interstate standard

Standards microstructure

Steel. MicroStructure Standards.

ISS 77.080.20

Approved by the Committee of Standards, Measures and Measuring Devices at the Council of Ministers of the Union of SSR 26 / XI 1956. Date of introduction is established

Restriction of the validity of the Discontinued Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council on Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

This standard sets the scales of the main elements of the steel structure: perlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides.

I. General provisions

1. Samples of 0.5-1.0 cm * I. 2 and smaller sizes should be cut off to estimate the microstructure, if the studied small size product.

2. The number of samples and the place of their clipping, depending on the purpose, sizes and method of manufacturing the object under study, should be specified in the relevant standards or other regulatory documents.

3. The etching of samples made from samples is carried out in an alcoholic solution of nitric or picric acid: 4 cm 3 4 nitric acid (UD. 1.405) per 100 cm 3 or 4 g of picric acid per 100 cm 3 alcohol, or a mixture of these solutions With respect to 1: 4.

II. Definition of microstructures

4. Applied microscope increases:

a) Determination of the dispersion of a plate and grainy perlite - with an increase in 1000. In the absence of optics, the definition is carried out with an increase of 500 or 600, using the table. 1 (for lamellar perlite) and table. 2 (for grainy perlite) to determine the score.

Edition Official ★

Reprint is prohibited

Reprint. March 2004

b) Determining the dimensions of the needle of martensite - with an increase in 1000. In the absence of optics, the definition is carried out with an increase in 500 and 600, using the table. 3 to determine the score.

Tables

c) determination of nitrides and carbide mesh - with increasing 500.

d) determination of carbide inhomogeneity - with increasing 100.

5. The quantitative characteristic of the main elements of the microstructure: perlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides is carried out on the basis of the comparison of the structure with the standards of the corresponding tikal of this standard (see tabs).

In this case, the estimation of nitrides, carbide mesh and carbide inhomogeneity is carried out with comparison of the worst on the inclusion of the field of view, occurring when viewing the grind area, with the corresponding scales of this standard.

For a more accurate quantitative metallographic analysis of structural components, a linear or planimetic method is used.

6. Depending on the degree of dispersion, the plate perlite is divided into 10 points according to Table. 4 and scale 1 of this standard. 7.

Note. The interplasteed distance is determined in the grains of perlite the greatest dispersion, where cementite plates are perpendicular to the plane of the grind.

7. Depending on the dispersion of cementite grains, a grainy perlite is divided into 10 points according to Table. 5 and scale 2 of this standard.

Note. Scale 2 does not characterize the size of excess carbides.

Martensit

8. Depending on the size (length), the needle martensite is divided into 10 points according to the table. 6 and scale 3. Table

P romething. Scale 3 is also applied to evaluate sorbitol, if it is stored oriented martensite.

9. Depending on the number of nitrides (the number of pieces on a certain area of \u200b\u200bthe microblyph), the steel structure is divided into 10 points according to Table. 7 and scale 4 of this standard.

A. Nitrides needle length up to 10 micrical	B. Needl length nitride more than 10 microns
	The number of nitrides on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle of 070 mm with increasing 500, pcs.	The total length of nitrides on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle 070 mm with an increase in 500, mm

Note. In the presence of small and large nitrides in the structure of small and large nitrides, the structure comparison is carried out with a scale of 4B if there are more than 50% of nitrides the magnitude of the needle 10 and more microns.

10. Depending on the nature of the carbide mesh, the steel structure is divided into 6 points according to the scale of 5 of this standard.

11. Depending on the nature of carbide inhomogeneity, the steel structure is divided into 6 points according to the scale of 6 of this standard. At the same time, the upper range of (a) of the scale characterizes the structure of the zaletetoid steels, and the lower row (5) - the steel of the ice-grade class.

12. In compiling the enlarged scales for estimating the grain and plate perlite, martensite and nitrides allowed to use points 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 provided in scales 1, 2, 3 and 4.

ATTACHMENT

1. Depending on the number of ferrite (the average percentage of an area occupied by a pearlite on a microclife), the ferriteoperlite structure of the steel is divided into 10 points according to Table. 1 and scale 7.

Table 1

2. Depending on the relationship between the plate and grainy perlitis (the average percentage of a platyl perlite area), the steel structure is divided into 10 points according to the table. 2 and scale 9.

table 2

3. Depending on the amount of martensite (the average percentage of area occupied by Martensite), the steel structure is divided into 10 points according to the table. 3 and scale 8.

Table 3.

Editor L. I. Nakhimova Technical editor N. S. Grishanova Corrector S. I. Firsova Computer layout 3. I. Martynova

Ed. Persons. №02354 of 14.07.2000. Delivered to the set 01/09/2004. Signed in print 30.03.2004. Hood. Pechs. l. 0.93 + incl. 2.09.

Ud. l. 0.65 + incl. 2.67. Circulation 145 copies. Zack. 181. Since 1309.

IPK Publishing Standards, 107076 Moscow, Well Per., 14. http.// E-mail: Picky and imprinted in Kaluga Typography standards, 248021 Kaluga, ul. Moscow, 256.

PLR No. 040138.

Lamp perlite 1000.

Grainy perlite 1000.

. < -г?фу,

Scale 3 Martensit 1000

Inclusion of nitrides 500.

Carbide grid 500.

Carbide inhomogeneity 100.

Score 1 score 2 score 3 score 4 score 5 score 6

The ratio of perlite and ferrite 100

Ratio of Martensit and Troostite 500

Scale 9.

The ratio of granular and lamellar perlite 500

Official edition

This standard sets the scales of the main elements of the steel structure: perlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides.

I. General provisions

1. To estimate the microstructure, samples with an area of \u200b\u200b0.5-1.0 cm 2 and smaller sizes should be cut off if the studied small size product.

2. The number of samples and the place of their tenderloin, depending on the purpose, times the measures and method of manufacturing the object under study should be specified in accordance with the appropriate standards or technical conditions.

3. The etching of samples made from samples is made in an alcoholic solution of nitric or picric acid: 4 cm 3 nitric acid (UD. C. 1.405)

100 cm or 4 g of picric acid per 100 cm alcohol, or a mixture of these solutions in relation to 1: 4.

II. Definition of microstructures

4. Applied microscope increases:

a) Determination of the dispersion of the plate and granular perlite with an increase in 1000. In the absence of optics, the definition is made to increase the increase in 1000 times, with an increase in 500 or 600, using Table. 1 (for lamellar perlite) and table. 2 (for grainy perlite) to determine the score.

b) Determination of the size of the needle of martensite - with an increase of 1000. In the absence of optics, for obtaining an increase of 1000, the definition is produced by increasing 500 and 600, using the table. 3 to determine the score.

c) determination of nitrides and carbide mesh - with increasing 500.

d) determination of carbide inhomogeneity - with increasing 100.

5. The quantitative characteristic of the main elements of the microstructure: perlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides are made on the basis of the part of the structure with the standards of the corresponding scales of this standard.

For a more accurate quantitative metallographic analysis of structural components, a linear or planimetric method is used.

6. Depending on the degree of dispersion, the plate perlite is divided into 10 points according to Table. 4 and scale 1 of this standard.

Table 4.

Note. The interplasteed distance is determined in the grains of perlite the greatest dispersion, where cementite plates are located perpendicular to the plane of the grind.

7. Depending on the dispersion of cementite grains, the grainy perlite is divided into 10 points, according to Table. 5 and scale 2 of this standard.

Table 5.

	Characteristic Perlita	The average diameter of cement grains, MK
	Cotton
	Extreme fine-grained
	Fine-grained
	Fine-grained
	Mediterranean
	Mediterranean
	Coarse
	Coarse
	Coarse
	R Rubberous
Note. Scale 2 does not characterize the size of excess carbides.

Martensit

8. Depending on the size (length), the needles martensite is divided into 10 points, according to the table. 6 and scale 3.

Table 6.

II P and TRAINING E. Scale 3 Applies the length of the evaluation of sorbitol, if it is stored oriented martensite.

9. Depending on the number of nitrides (the number of pieces on a certain microblyph area), the steel structure is divided into 10 points, according to Table. 7 and scale 4 of this standard.

Table 7.

A. Nitrides with a length of needles up to 10 MK		B. Nitrides with a length of needles more than 10 microns
The number of nitrides in the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle of 0 70 mm with an increase in 500 pcs.	The total length of nitriles on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle of 0 70 mm with an increase in 500 mm	The number of nitrides on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle of 0 70 mm with an increase in 500 pcs.	Consumer length of nitrides on a circle area 0 70 mm with an increase in 500 mm

Note. If there is a structure of small and large nitrides, the design of the structure is made with a scale 4b if there are more than 50% of nitrides with a magnitude of the needle 10 n more micron.

10. Depending on the nature of the carbide mesh, the steel structure is divided into 6 points, according to the scale 5 of this standard.

11. Depending on the nature of carbide inhomogeneity, the structure of the steel is divided by Pa 6 points, according to scale 6 of this standard. At the same time, the top

the scale of the scale (L) of the scale characterizes the structure of the zaletetoid steels, and the lower row (b) of the celastic class steels.

12. In the preparation of enlarged scales for estimating the grain and plate perlite, martensite and nitrides are allowed to use points 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9, prevained in scales 1, 2, 3 and 4.

ATTACHMENT

1. Depending on the amount of ferrite (the average percentage of an area occupied by the perlit on a microclife) of the Ferrtarted steel structure is divided into 10 points, according to Table. 1 and scale. Made of perlite and ferrite *.

Score 3 score 4

01 Yatvd 6 irircg

01 Irifbg in Irirug

Scale 4 inclusions of x500 nitrides

GOST 8233-56

Group B09.

Interstate standard

Standards microstructure

Steel. MicroStructure Standards.

ISS 77.080.20

Date of introduction 1957-07-01

Approved by the Committee of Standards, measures and measuring instruments at the Council of Ministers of the Union of SSR 26 / XI 1956. The administration date is set on 01.07.57

Restriction of the validity of the Discontinued Protocol No. 4-93 of the Interstate Council on Standardization, Metrology and Certification (IUS 4-94)

Reprint. March 2004

This standard sets the scales of the main elements of the steel structure: perlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides.

I. General provisions

1. To estimate the microstructure, samples with an area of \u200b\u200b0.5-1.0 cm and smaller sizes should be cut off if the studied small size product.

3. The etching of samples made from samples is produced in an alcohol solution of nitric or picric acid: 4 cm nitric acid (UD. 1.405) per 100 cm or 4 g of picric acid per 100 cm alcohol, or a mixture of these solutions in relation to 1: four.

II. Definition of microstructures

4. Applied microscope increases:

a) Determination of the dispersion of the plate and grain perlite - with an increase of 1000. In the absence of optics, the definition is carried out to increase the increase in 1000 times, the definition is carried out with an increase in 500 or 600, taking the table 1 (for a plate perlite) and Table 2 (for grainy perlite) for Point definitions.

Table 1

table 2

b) Determination of the dimensions of the needle of martensite - with an increase of 1000. In the absence of optics, the definition of 500 and 600 is produced to increase the increase of 1000, using Table 3 to determine the score.

Table 3.

c) determination of nitrides and carbide mesh - with increasing 500.

d) determination of carbide inhomogeneity - with increasing 100.

5. The quantitative characteristic of the main elements of the microstructure: perlite, martensite, nitrides and carbides are made on the basis of the comparison of the structure with the standards of the corresponding scales of this standard (see tabs).

In this case, the estimation of nitrides, carbide mesh and carbide inhomogeneity is carried out with comparison of the worst on the inclusion of the field of view, occurring when viewing the grind area, with the corresponding scales of this standard.

For a more accurate quantitative metallographic analysis of structural components, a linear or planimetic method is used.

6. Depending on the degree of dispersion, the plate perlite is divided into 10 points according to Table 4 and scale 1 of this standard.

Table 4.


	Characteristic Perlita	Interplasteen Distance, MK
	Sorbito	Less than 0.20.
	Hidden flattened
	Thin plane
	Melkilloplast
	Melkilloplast
	Middle-glistening
	Middle-glistening
	Large-eyed
	Large-eyed
	Roughoplastic	More than 2.00.

Note. The interplasteed distance is determined in the grains of perlite the greatest dispersion, where cementite plates are perpendicular to the plane of the grind.

7. Depending on the dispersion of cementite grains, the particle grainy is divided into 10 points according to Table 5 and scale 2 of this standard.

Table 5.


	Characteristic Perlita	The average diameter of cement grains, MK
	Cotton
	Extreme fine-grained
	Fine-grained
	Fine-grained
	Mediterranean
	Mediterranean
	Coarse
	Coarse
	Coarse
	Mlowerous

Note. Scale 2 does not characterize the size of excess carbides.

Martensit

8. Depending on the size (length), the needles martensite is divided into 10 points according to Table 6 and scale 3.

Table 6.


	Characteristic of Martensita	The greatest length needle, MK
	Hidden	Less than 0.2.
	Extremely finelyung
	Small muggy
	Small muggy
	Medium-making
	Medium-making
	Large global
	Large global
	Large global
	Roughurgoli

Note. Scale 3 is also applied to evaluate sorbitol, if it is stored oriented martensite.

Nitrides

9. Depending on the number of nitrides (the number of pieces on a specific microblyph area), the steel structure is divided into 10 points according to Table 7 and scale 4 of this standard.

Table 7.


A. Nitrides with a length of needles up to 10 MK	B. Nitrides with a length of needles more than 10 microns
500, pcs.	The number of nitrides on the area of \u200b\u200bthe circle of 70 mm with increasing 500, pcs.	The total length of nitrides on a circle area is 70 mm with an increase in 500, mm

Note. In the presence of small and large nitrides in the structure of small and large nitrides, the structure of the structure is carried out with a scale 4B if there are more than 50% of nitrides with a magnitude of needles 10 and more microns.

10. Depending on the nature of the carbide mesh, the steel structure is divided into 6 points according to the scale of 5 of this standard.

11. Depending on the nature of carbide inhomogeneity, the steel structure is divided into 6 points according to the scale of 6 of this standard. At the same time the top row ( BUT) The scale characterizes the structure of the zaletetoid steels, and the lower row ( B.) - Steel of the ice-grade class.

12. In compiling the enlarged scales for estimating the grain and plate perlite, martensite and nitrides allowed to use points 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 provided in scales 1, 2, 3 and 4.

ATTACHMENT

1. Depending on the number of ferrite (the average percentage of an area occupied by a microchelfulifer), the ferriteoperlite structure of the steel is divided into 10 points according to Table 1 and scale 7.

Table 1



	perlita

2. Depending on the relationship between the plate and grainy perlite (the average percentage of the area occupied by the plate perlite), the steel structure is divided into 10 points according to Table 2 and scale 9.

table 2



	grazed	lamellar

3. Depending on the amount of martensite (the average percentage of the area occupied by Martensite), the steel structure is divided into 10 points according to Table 3 and scale 8.

Table 3.



	martensita	troostite

Scale 1. Large perlite 1000

Lamp perlite 1000.

Scale 2. Grainy perlite 1000

Grainy perlite 1000.

Scale 3. Martensit 1000

Martensit 1000.

Scale 4. Outputs 500 nitride

Inclusion of nitrides 500.

Scale 500 carbide grid 500

Carbide grid 500.

Scale 6. Carbide inhomogeneity 100

Carbide inhomogeneity 100.

BUT

B.