Seo using frames in html. Iframe and Frame - what is it and how best to use frames in Html

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Element

frames

What does

The main difference between

The term "frame" came to us from in English. Translated, this word means "frame" and is a separate area of ​​​​the window. By its structure, such a section is a completely finished HTML document.

Individual frames divide browser windows into areas that are placed side by side. In this case, inside each of the frames, its own full-fledged page is loaded. Frame technology still causes a lot of controversy, but it must be said that the peak of its popularity has already passed. This technology is now deprecated and normal frames are no longer supported in HTML5.

History of technology

Today we can state that the decision to move away from working with frame technology has finally been made. The site https://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/#obsolete-elements clearly states that the normal tags for creating such a structure frame, frameset and noframes are deprecated. As an argument, data are given that the use of such a structure negatively affects the usability of sites and their availability on the network.

But modern technologies support the IFRAME element. Its use allows you to insert frames into text blocks on pages. At the same time, such elements have the ability to align relative to the text itself. Important point: Inline frames cannot be resized in principle. They lack a corresponding attribute for resizing.

In the future, without leaps and bounds in technology, the continued use of frames is unlikely. And it is worth remembering that the leading organization for the standardization of Internet technologies - W3C - has explicitly indicated that such structures should not be used by website developers.

That is, frames, in principle, should not be used for the structure of pages when creating new resources. But with the support and refinement of existing sites, knowledge of the features of the technology and their use will be very useful and productive.

Frame Benefits

Among the advantages of frame technology are ease of use, high speed, the ability to accurately position information in certain areas of the window.

The use of frames provides savings on the amount of transmitted traffic in the process of working with the site. After all, when accessing another section of information, usually only one section of the page is updated, and not all of its code.

This structure provides interesting opportunities for navigating through the content of resources. Indeed, inside the browser window in neighboring frames, you can view various information blocks. It is important for users to know that searching within a frame is equivalent to performing such an operation on a separate page.

In the process of working with the site, you can dynamically change the size of a separate section, which is difficult to implement using other technological solutions.

Possible disadvantages

Problems with the work of sites using frames accumulated gradually, but today they have reached the threshold. Among the main disadvantages are:

1. Unsatisfactory usability. Today, the share of users of mobile devices and tablets with a small screen resolution is growing and already exceeds the number of those who visit sites with desktop computers and laptops. And here the use of frames creates serious problems with the adaptability of pages when they are displayed on various devices. This problem currently has no practical solution.
2. Deterioration of site accessibility for various programs. Increasing quantity additional programs(for example, screen readers) reveals much worse readability of information.
3. Incorrect page display. Often the layout of pages with such a structure looks incorrect in browsers from a design point of view. And this is due to the peculiarities of technology. From the point of view of SEO, the use of frames in the html layout of the page is highly undesirable.
4. The presence of a single address for the entire structure. As a result, the internal pages of such a site cannot be bookmarked. This leads to inconvenience for users.
5. Incorrect indexing by search engines. The presence on the site of several full-fledged documents, from which one page is formed, significantly complicates the work of search engines. This leads to significant indexing errors. As a result - incorrect definition of topics and page addresses, loss of critical content from indexing.
6. Non-prestige. This is a rather unusual disadvantage for resources on the network. And yet, it must be said that the fact that the layout of sites on frames is becoming obsolete leads to the fact that the authors and owners of such resources are considered retrogrades. But there are individual exceptions. Even modern sites hosting chats usually use frames.

Indexing frames by search engines

The information that comes from search engines unequivocally tells us that sites with frames are indexed much more slowly. In this case, errors associated with the structure itself often occur. Indeed, in each of the frames a full-fledged Internet page is displayed. And just such a part of the site can get into the indexing base.

The negative point of such indexing is that when going to the inside of the page, the user usually does not see the menu and other navigation mechanisms. And this is not surprising. You need to understand that updating the frame is not a solution to the problem in this case. After all, all navigation mechanisms are placed in another container.

Another problem is that often the main page of the container structure contains only the title, the description of the meta tags, and the FRAMESET tag. And this seems to be logical - after all, meaningful content is placed in separate documents. It is them that the site visitor will see on the page within the framework.

But here search robot such a page is almost never indexed. He finds no content on it that is useful to visitors. Search bots are configured in such a way that they try to get and index the information placed inside the body tag. It is there that the search for useful content for the user occurs. But there is no such tag on the frame page, it is replaced by FRAMESET.

Partially this problem can be solved with the use of NOFRAMES. But on many sites, when accessing it, only information is given that the browser does not support frames. And to view the page you need to use another program.

Such cases create a lot of problems for users who, when they go to the site, do not see the menu and other information that should be displayed. If frames are placed on the site, its parameters in terms of SEO are reduced. At the same time, user behavior statistics indicate that the authority of the resource among search engines is falling. This definitely has a negative impact on site traffic.

It is especially difficult for search engines and indexing bots to handle nested and multiple frame structures. The fact that each container has all the attributes of a separate document, but does not contain full navigation and other information, further complicates the situation.

You can facilitate the work of search engines by using the correct linking on the pages. In this case, it is necessary to duplicate all menu links so that they can be found inside each individual part of the page. But this noticeably complicates and slows down the work of optimizing the site and updating information on it.

The experience of many optimizers and webmasters also suggests that pages on frames do not get high places in search results. This happens even if they are included in the indexing base.

Features of site promotion in frames

Some search engines incorrectly or very incorrectly index framed files. As a result, the index base is filled not with addresses of parent resources (as it should have been), but with links to child sites.

To minimize the problems of indexing sites based on frames, special tags and parameters are used when describing them. The main element of the container structure is the frameset. It is he who replaces source code standard body;. Each individual container in the structure is described by a frame. Its number in the page code corresponds to the number of individual sections displayed in the browser window when viewed.

These tags should be placed on home page site, and then duplicate the content within each of them.

As we know, in the same browser viewport, we cannot load two HTML documents at the same time. Thus, if we have the same navigation menu on all pages, then the user will download exactly the same piece of code every time he navigates from one Web page of the site to another. Even if the menu itself is small, this is not the most convenient option, since the communication channels that Russian users have are not very large, and loading the menu can take at least a few seconds. Can we make it so that immutable site elements always stay in the user's viewport without reloading? Can.

We can create a document that will split a single viewport into multiple rectangular regions, each displaying a single HTML document. These rectangular areas, each of which is, in fact, a separate viewport, are called frames.

This way we can leave the left and/or top navigation menu permanently in the viewport and only reload the part of the site that is needed.

Like any viewport, frames can have scrollbars that allow the user to see all of the frame's content if it doesn't fit entirely within the viewable area. It is this feature of frames that causes constant disputes between Webmasters. Some argue that controls like this shouldn't be in the inner space of the main viewport, as they take up precious space and scatter the user's attention. Some argue that these shortcomings are not too big a price to pay for making it easier to reload Web pages in the face of slow links. One way or another, everyone should decide on the possibility of using frames on their own.

There are two types of frames in HTML: normal and so-called "floating". If we use ordinary frames, then a document is created that divides the entire viewport into frames, and certain HTML documents are already displayed in them. If we use a floating frame, then it can be included in a regular HTML document without any special tricks. We will see the difference between these two types of frames with an example.

A framed document is created using the tag and its closing twin . Within these two tags are the constructs for declaring individual frames and the information displayed in the browser's viewport if the browser does not recognize frames. Individual frames are created using a pair of tags And . And the information displayed when the browser does not support frames is embedded in the HTML document using the tag </i>. But everything is in order.</p><p>The basis of the tag <i><frameset> </i> is to split the viewport into several parts. To do this, the tag has two main parameters: rows and cols, which indicate the number and size of frames vertically and horizontally. This sets up a rectangular table structure. If we need to make a more detailed split, for example, one frame on the left side of the window vertically and two frames separated from each other by a horizontal border on the right side of the window, then we can create two tags <i><frameset> </i>, one inside the other. But still, consider the tag parameters <i><frameset> </i> in more detail.</p> <ul><li>Parameter <i>cols</i> is used to specify the number and size of frames horizontally in the viewport. The parameter value is a comma-separated list of frame sizes. As usual, we can use absolute and multiple values, as well as percentages to indicate the size. The default value is 100%, i.e. the main viewport is not split vertically.</li> <li>Parameter <i>rows</i> allows you to specify the number and size of frames vertically in the viewport. The specifics of setting values ​​completely coincide with the cols parameter.</li> </ul><p>But let's look at an example of how the creation of HTML documents with a frame structure will look like. Let's assume that we need to allocate one frame on the left for the navigation menu, and use the remaining space to display information from the main pages of the Web site. In this case, we will split the viewport into two parts. For the menu, we will select a frame that is one hundred and fifty pixels wide, and the remaining space should be occupied by the second frame. This Web page structure is implemented using the code shown in Listing 1-31.</p> <p>Listing 1.31</p> <p><i> <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C/VDTD HTML 4.01//EN" ""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"><br> <fhtml><br> <head> .<br> <title>0peuMbi</title><br> </head><br> <frameset cols="150"><br> <frame src="l-27.htm"><br> <frame src="l-30.htm"><br> <noframes><br> <p>Sorry, your browser does not support frames. Get the latest software version</р><br>

Let's take a closer look at the code of the HTML document and how this document was displayed by the browser. First of all, you should pay attention that there are no tags in the listing And</body>. These tags say that everything in between is display code, and the tag signals to the browser that this document only provides a viewport breakdown structure.

In tag we used the only parameter cols. Its value was a list of two size designations. From the listing, you can see that the first, i.e., the left frame has a width of one hundred and fifty pixels. For the second frame, we set the width to a multiple. Then, since we did not specify which number this width will be a multiple of, the frame took up all the free space, which is what we wanted.

Rice. 1.30. Browser window showing the result of displaying the file shown in listing 1.31

Between start and end tags we posted two tags . A thorough and detailed discussion about them is yet to come, but for now we will restrict ourselves to the observation that these tags declare each frame separately and set their properties. In our case, we used only one mandatory src parameter, the value of which is the URL of the HTML document that will be displayed in this frame.

We also used the tag </i>. Between him and his closing couple <i> contains the HTML code of the message that will be displayed in the browser's viewport if it does not support frame technology. Now, of course, it is extremely difficult to meet such a browser, the tag has remained in the HTML specification since the ancient times of text browsers, but it is still worth using it, if only for reasons of courtesy to users.

In the illustration (Figure 1.30), you can see that the viewport was actually split into two parts, and each of them displayed one of the HTML files we created earlier. In this case, the user can independently resize the frames, since the border between them, also called splitter, mobile. The user just needs to move the mouse cursor over it, press the main mouse button and, without releasing it, move the border to the desired location.

The only restriction on the placement of frames is the explicit tabular structure of the frameset. But what if we want the menu in the maiden part of the viewport to be split into two frames itself? The classical approach does not allow this. Therefore, nested structures can be used.

In order to create a split of the main viewport into three frames, two of which are located in one column, one below the other, and the third takes up all the rest of the free space, you should use the following code snippet:

This example shows how one block we embed inside another same block. And of course, you should use tags . By the way, we have not yet considered them in detail. It's time to do it.

Tag is designed to set the properties of an individual frame. Since the width and height of the frame are set in the design , it remains for us to set the rest of the properties.

• Parameter name allows you to set a unique frame name. It should not be confused with the id parameter. The name that we set with the name parameter is used in hyperlink tags when it is necessary to load the document not in the parent frame, but in some other one.
• Parameter src, as we have already seen from the previous listing, it is used to set the URL of the HTML document that should be displayed in the desired frame.
• Parameter frameborder is used to specify whether the border of the given frame will be displayed or not. The fact is that it is far from necessary to create a visible border. The value of this parameter is either zero or one. The default value of one means that the given frame will have a visible border. When using a null value, the frame border will be invisible.
• Parameter marginwidth allows you to set the width of the margins of the given frame in pixels,
• The marginheght parameter is intended to set the vertical size of margins in pixels for the given frame.
• Parameter noresize should be used if the user should not be able to move the borders of the frame, resizing it in this way. If we include it in the tag , then the user will not be able to resize this frame. The parameter is used without values.
• Parameter scrolling allows the user of the Web page to control the display of the frame's scrollbars. The value is one of three predefined keywords. The default value of auto means that the frame's scrollbars will only appear if the frame's content does not fit entirely within the display area. The yes value tells the browser to always display scrollbars for this frame, no matter how large its display area is, and how evenly the frame's content "fits" into it. The no value causes the browser to display the frame without scrollbars at all. Even though scrollbars are the most annoying user component, you shouldn't use this value without a good reason. Once again I repeat that we do not know in advance what resolution of the monitor is set for the user who loaded our page, and what is the size of the browser's viewing window. And if there is not enough space to display the contents of the frame in full, and there are no scrollbars, the user will not be able to see the hidden information at all.

Now that we've looked at the tag options , a small addition should be made explaining one minor limitation of the parameter src, closely related to the optional tag </i>. The point is that between this tag and its final counterpart <i> we host some content that will be displayed if the user's browser does not support displaying frames. This content, of course, can also be structured using HTML tags. Therefore, hyperlinks and bookmarks, also called "anchors", may be used there. So, if we create such a bookmark in this fragment, then we cannot make the URL of this bookmark as the value of the src parameter for any of the frames.

We can also specify the frame into which the HTML document will be loaded by default. As we know, the hyperlink tag <а> has the target parameter, the value of which is the name of the frame where the contents of the HTML document pointed to by the hyperlink will be displayed. But if we use this parameter in the tag , which is placed, as we remember, in the head of the HTML document, then all hyperlinks with an incomplete URL in the parameter href, will place the documents they point to exactly in the frame whose name is indicated in the tag .

Until now, we have not considered separately the tag </i>. But the fact is that this tag does not have any unique parameters, except for common ones, and we could see the mechanism of its application in the previous examples. Therefore, we will not dwell on it for a long time.</p><p>So far, we've looked at regular frames, which completely split the browser's viewport into separate areas, and for which you need to use documents with a specialized structure. But there is another kind of frames that can be simply inserted into a regular HTML document as a standard object. Most of all, this is similar to inserting a graphic image. To insert such an inline frame, use the tag <iframe>But unlike the procedure for inserting graphics and other objects, for embedded frames, you must also use the closing tag</iframe> Let's look at an example of including an inline frame in a normal HTML document and see what that document looks like when viewed in a browser.</p> <p>Listing 1.32</p> <p><i><!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" <br>"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd"> <br> <html> <br> <head><br> <title></title><br> </head><br> <body><br> <р>Text with inline <iframe src="l-25.htm"> </iframe> frame</р><br> <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- var _acic={dataProvider:10};(function(){var e=document.createElement("script");e.type="text/javascript";e.async=true;e.src="https://www.acint.net/aci.js";var t=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];t.parentNode.insertBefore(e,t)})() //--> </script><br> <br> </body><br> </html> </i></p><p>As you can see from the listing and the accompanying illustration (Figure 1-31), the procedure for using inline frames is by no means complicated. But in the listing, we, as always, used the simplest default option, and after all, the frame, even if it is built-in, naturally should have a fairly extensive list of display properties that are adjusted using parameters. We will now consider them.</p> <ul><li>Parameter <i>name</i> allows you to specify the name of this inline frame. The value of the parameter is a plain text string. After that, this frame can be indicated in hyperlinks. Thus, we get the ability to dynamically change the contents of the embedded frame.</li> <li>Parameter <i>src</i> is for setting the content of an inline frame. The value of the parameter is the URL of the HTML document that will be loaded into this inline frame.</li> <li>Parameter <i>frameborder,</i> along with many other parameters, is explicitly inherited from regular frames. Just like there, it tells the browser whether or not to display a border on the frame. Zero and one are used as values. The default value of one indicates that the border of the inline frame should be displayed. A value of zero makes the border invisible.</li> <li>Parameters <i>marginwidth</i> And <i>marginheight</i> set the width and height of the inline frame margins, respectively. The parameter values ​​are numbers expressing dimensions in pixels.</li> </ul><p><img src='https://i2.wp.com/tepka.ru/html4b/31.jpg' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p> <p>Rice. 1.31. <i>Browser window showing the result of displaying the file shown in listing 1.32</i></p> <ul><li>Parameter <i>scrolling</i> controls the display of inline frame scrollbars. The value is one of three predefined keywords. The default value of auto means that scrollbars will only appear when the frame's content is larger than the frame itself. A value of yes forces the scrollbars to be displayed anyway, and a value of by prevents the browser from displaying these scrollbars for this frame at all.</li> <li>Parameter <i>align</i> allows us to set the inline frame's vertical or horizontal alignment relative to the rest of the Web page's content. Possible values ​​are exactly the same as the tag parameter of the same name <img>so there is no need to repeat them. And the result of the action of these values ​​was also considered by us earlier.</li> <li>Parameter <i>height</i> is designed to explicitly set the vertical size of an inline frame. Any dimension designation can be used as the value of this parameter.</li> <li>Parameter <i>width</i> allows you to set the width of the embedded frame. The value can be specified in pixels, multiples, or percentages.</li> </ul><p>And that concludes our discussion of frames. We know everything we need to know about them to use frames effectively.</p> <table width="635" border="0"><tr><td width="200"> </td><td> </td><td width="200"> </td> </tr></table> <p>Hello, dear readers of the blog site. Today we will talk about frames in the Html language. It is clear that we will start at the beginning, namely with what kind of animal it is. We will also talk about the present (Frame) and future (Iframe) of these elements in the current version of the hypertext markup language and in the new Html 5 standard with .</p><p>At the end of the article, after a detailed description of the process of creating inline frames and their classical structure in Html code (already rarely used), we will touch on the relevance of building a site on them, and also discuss possible ways to use them in the current period of time using the example of my blog.</p><h2>What is it and how is Iframe different from Frame</h2><p>What is it? It turns out that they can be used not only on websites, but also in any applications to programs, but differ in that the window of a web page or application will be divided into several areas, each of which is loaded with a separate document. Moreover, these frame areas behave independently of each other.</p><p>Probably the most obvious example of their use, which almost all of you have encountered, is the so-called help files (helps) that many programs installed on your computer have.</p><p><img src='https://i2.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/chto-takoe-freim.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>The file with the help menu is loaded into the left window, and the document corresponding to the selected menu item is displayed in the right window. It is noteworthy that such a structure allows not reloading the file with the menu into the left window when opening a new document in the right one. This is precisely what <b>main advantage of using frames</b> in html.</p><p>Actually, the very name of these elements should be interpreted precisely as an independent window. With the help of frames, we have the opportunity to split one large window into several fragments, which, in turn, can serve as receivers for separate independent documents (pages, texts, images, videos, etc.).</p><p>How is a frame structure created in hypertext markup language? If we talk about the Html 4.01 standard (according to the classification), which is the main one at the current time, then three elements are used for this - Frame, Frameset and Noframes.</p><h3>Iframe - an embedded frame in the Html 5 standard</h3><p>If we talk about the Html 5 standard (our future, some elements of which are already supported by many browsers), then there will be no Frame, Frameset and Noframes tags, as well as the classic frame structure, instead of them there will be one single Iframe tag (built-in frame) , which we will talk about at the beginning, and then we will turn all our attention to the classic scheme from version 4.01, which is actually used now.</p><p>Iframe, unlike the classic, which is discussed below, does not require the replacement of the Body tag with Frameset tags. Those. this tag can be inserted on regular pages, for example, inside a paragraph or anywhere else. At its core, this element is very similar to the Img tag we have already considered.</p><p>It is inline with replaceable content because it behaves exactly like an inline element, but inside it is displayed <b>extraneous external content</b>. There are only four such elements in the Html language - Img, Iframe, Object and Embed. Therefore, our hero implies the presence of an external file that will be loaded into the area, the size of which is set using the attributes of this tag.</p><p>That. An iframe is a string element into which an external object (such as a video) is loaded. And to specify the path to this file, which should be loaded on the page, the special Src attribute is used. But unlike Img, the Iframe element is paired, i.e. <b>there is also a closing tag</b>:</p><p> <span class="fHaAsFZL1nQ"></span> </p><p>This example shows the display of a Youtube video on a page using an Iframe. In order to limit the area of ​​the frame (window) where the external file will be loaded, there are attributes <b>Width and Height</b>, whose values ​​are specified in pixels:</p><p> <span class="fHaAsFZL1nQ"></span> </p><p>Those. this tag creates an area into which some external object is loaded (it does not matter whether it is from your site or from another resource). The width and height of the area are set using Width and Height, and the path to this object is specified in the Src attribute.</p><p>All these attributes are inherited by the Iframe element from similar inline tags with replaced content (like the Img already mentioned above). Well, he also took attributes from the pictures <b>hspace and vspace</b>, which allow you to set the indents from the borders of the frame to the text that wraps around it.</p><p>It is also significant that the alignment of the built-in frame is carried out in exactly the same way as we could see when studying pictures in Html - . All the same <b>Align</b>, but for the Iframe tag with possible values ​​Bottom, Top, Middle, Left and Right.</p><p>But this element also took a few attributes from the Frame tag from the classic frame structure, which we will talk about in great, great detail below. These attributes include Name, the value of which can be used as a value so that the document you need opens in the window of this frame when you click on the link (read more below).</p><p>Also in the Iframe, the Frameborder attribute has migrated from the Frame tag, which has only two values ​​- either 0 (the frame around the frame is not displayed) or 1 (the frame is visible). The default value is Frameborder=1, so to remove it you need to write Frameborder="0":</p><p> <span class="fHaAsFZL1nQ"></span> </p><p>The Scrolling attribute has also moved from Frame to this element, which has a default value of Auto - scroll bars in the frame will appear as needed when the content is larger than the window intended to display it.</p><p>Well, the Marginwidth and Marginheight attributes also came from the Frame element. They will be discussed in detail below in the text, but in a nutshell - they allow you to set the indent in width and height from the edges of the frame to the content that is placed in it.</p><p>As I already mentioned, a clear example of using Iframe is:</p><p><img src='https://i1.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/iframe-video.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>By inserting the Iframe directly into the web page, you will get the output of the video from YouTube. We conclude that this element is a mixture of inline elements with replaceable content and, in fact, classic frames, which will be discussed now.</p><h2>Frames based on Frame and Frameset tags - their structure</h2><p>So, creating a classic frame structure starts with what you write in the Html code instead of the opening and closing Body tag, which should normally be present in any document that replaces its element-based container <b>Frameset</b>.</p><p>The fundamental point is that the Body element cannot be used in this case - either Body (for a regular document) or Frameset (when creating a document frame structure):</p><p><img src='https://i0.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201318-13-43.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Each frame that we form inside the main frame is created using a separate element <b>frame</b>. This tag is single and in it we set the path to the document that will have to be loaded into this window.</p><p>The third element that we have not touched on yet is <b>Noframes</b>. It is paired and allows you to write some text inside yourself, which will be processed by the browser and displayed on the web page only if this same browser (or other display device) does not support frames. This can happen, for example, if you use a browser for mobile devices.</p><p>Usually, Noframes add not only information about the current situation with the impossibility of processing the frame structure, but also add the ability to go to other pages where you can continue working without using them. It is difficult to say something else about him, so let's continue.</p><p>It turns out that the Frameset element used instead of the Body tag takes up all the space allotted for the viewport, and within this region frames will be created using separate Frame elements. In this regard, the question arises - how to divide the viewing area between separate windows or, in other words, how to set the size of each of them.</p><p>This is done by adding appropriate attributes to the Frameset element. There are two of them - <b>Cols and Rows</b>. Cols sets the division of a large window into vertical frames or columns, and Rows allows you to divide it into horizontal windows or rows.</p><h3>Creating a structure based on Frameset and its Cols and Rows attributes</h3><p>The values ​​for Cols and Rows of the Html Frameset tag are numbers separated by commas (without spaces). These numbers set the proportions of the windows that we want to get as a result. Therefore, how many numbers will be written separated by commas in Cols or in Rows, so many frames we have and should be the result.</p><p>For example, using such a notation, we will get three vertical columns that will correspond in width to the proportions 2:5:3.</p><p> <frameset cols="20%,50%,30%"> </p><p>Since we have set the proportions for three frames, we will have to write three Frame elements between the opening and closing Frameset tag, even if without specifying additional attributes:</p><p><img src='https://i0.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201318-25-34.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>As a result, our frame structure, consisting of three empty windows, will look like this:</p><p><img src='https://i2.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/frame.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>In this example, we set the sizes of the windows (Frame) using percentages that are taken from the width of the viewport (this is the case when using Cols) or from its height (Rows). When you change the viewport, the percentage ratio between frame sizes will be preserved. But instead of percentages, you can also use just numbers that will mean. Here, I think, too, no difficulties in understanding should arise.</p><p>But there is also a rather unusual option in the size designations, which looks like <b>asterisk "*"</b>. Moreover, it can be either just “*”, or an asterisk with a number in front, for example, “3*”. A tricky thing, very similar to percentages, which means that we divide the space for the Frame proportionally.</p><p>Let's look at an example. Now let's choose to divide the viewport into horizontal rows using Rows:</p><p> <frameset rows="200,500,*"> </p><p>What does this entry mean? The entire viewport available to us vertically will be divided into three lines. The height of the first line will be taken at 200 pixels, the second at 500, but the third line will occupy all the remaining space in height, because "*" was used as its size.</p><p>Remarkably, the value "*" and "1*" mean the same thing - we divide all the remaining space by one and give this one part to this frame (well, that is, all the remaining space).</p><p>But look what happens if you use the value "*" with a number to divide in proportion:</p><p> <frameset rows="2*,100,4*"> </p><p>What do you think the dimensions of the Frame should be in this case? It is clear that the second line will definitely have a height of 100 pixels. But how will the remaining height space be divided between the third and first line?</p><p>It is quite simple to count - just add four (4*) to two (2 *) and divide by this denominator (remember the fractions from the school curriculum) two and four. Those. we get that the first column with the frame will take up one third of the remaining space in height, and the third column will take up two thirds. Or, in other words, the third will be twice as high as the first:</p><p><img src='https://i1.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201321-11-58.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p><img src='https://i1.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/frameset.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>You can use all three ways to size frame windows in a single attribute, for example:</p><p> <frameset cols="10%,100,4*,3*,2*"> </p><p>As a result, we will get the first column of the Frame at ten percent of the entire available area, the second at 100 pixels, and the remaining three will have a width in proportions of four, three and two ninths of the remaining space in width. That's it, everything is simple and clear.</p><p>If you want to split the main window not only into horizontal and vertical frames, but, for example, into combinations of them, then you can use the nested structure of the Frameset elements separately for columns and separately for rows. For example, to get the structure shown in the screenshot below, it is enough to use this construction:</p><p><img src='https://i2.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201321-15-19.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p><img src='https://i0.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/freimy-v-html.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Those. first we break all the available space into two columns vertically using "frameset cols="20%,80%"" and set the contents of the right column with the "frame" tag, but instead of adding a "frame" element for the left column, we open a new "frameset rows="10%,*"".</p><p>And with the help of it, we break the right column into two lines with frames, the contents of which are set using two “frame” tags, after which we close both “frameset” containers. Everything is simple and logical.</p><h3>Specify the path in the Src attribute of the Frame element</h3><p>But we all talked about the Frameset element and its Cols and Rows attributes, with the help of which we form the structure and set their sizes. Now let's figure out how to display the right documents in the right frames and how to set up interaction between their windows.</p><p>So, how do we control the appearance of the windows we create? All this is embedded in the attributes of the Frame tag. The first one worth mentioning is <b>src</b>. We already met it in the Img tag when we considered inserting images into Html code. Its essence has not changed and it still allows you to specify the path to the document that should be loaded into the frame.</p><p>The path to the document in Src can be specified as . Relative paths are usually used for a document that is located on your own resource, but you will need absolute paths when you want to load a document from another site into a frame window.</p><p>If the Src attribute is not specified with the path to the desired document, then an empty document will be loaded into the window. Personally, I once did a similar thing for my blog (as an additional navigation element) and at the same time created a separate folder for it on the hosting server and placed there not only an Html file with a frame structure (which I called index.html), but also all loadable into various document windows, as well as image files that were used as backgrounds.</p><p>Therefore, it was easiest for me to use relative links in the Src attribute of the Frame tag:</p><p><img src='https://i0.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201321-23-15.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p><img src='https://i1.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/freimy-eto.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Remarkably, if you replace all links in this code from relative to absolute (such as https://site/navigator/joomla.html) and open this file in a browser, then the documents specified in Frame will be loaded from my server and you will see similar picture in your browser. And it does not matter where your file with a frame structure (index.html) will be located - on your computer or on the hosting.</p><p>In the example shown in the figure, a page with a certain menu is loaded into the left frame window, which is a regular . But it's not important how the menu is formed, but what happens after clicking on any of its links is important.</p><p>If you do this, then everything will happen exactly as it should - the document will open in the lower right window. But for this I had to apply one small trick, because in the default version the document opened to the entire size of the window, replacing the frame structure, which I didn’t need at all, because the navigation menu in the left and top frames disappeared.</p><h2>How to open documents from a link in a frame</h2><p>So, when we talked about hyperlinks, we mentioned such an attribute of the “A” tag as Target=_blank. Remember what it is for? Correct to open the linked document in a new window. By default, it should open in the same window, which is equivalent to target="_self".</p><p>But these possibilities <b>Target</b> are not limited. It turns out you can add value to it <b>as frame name</b>, which is previously specified in the special Name attribute of the Frame tag. Then the document by this link will not open in the same window, occupying all its space, but in the Frame you specified. Understandably? If not quite, then now it will be clear when parsing the example.</p><p>So, back to our example shown in the figure above. We need to open pages using links from the left window in the lower right (large) frame. Therefore, the first thing to do is give this large window a name using the Name attribute on the Frame tag.</p><p><img src='https://i0.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201321-32-09.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Made and named it "ktona". Now you can safely open the file that is loaded as a menu in the left window and add the Target="ktona" attribute to all A tags in it:</p><p>The history of the emergence of Joomla and the VirtueMart component</p><p>Of course, using the find and replace tool in putting it on all hyperlinks will not be difficult, but why download code unnecessarily when we have a great opportunity to use <b>special tag Base</b>, which we already mentioned in the same article about hyperlinks, when we talked about using Target blank.</p><p>It is enough to put base target="ktona" between the opening and closing Head tags and all links in the Html code of this document will open new pages in the specified frame called "ktona":</p><p><img src='https://i1.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201321-36-13.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>By the way, if we consider my tool that once existed as an example, then we also need to make sure that all links from the upper horizontal window open their pages in the left vertical frame, which serves as my left menu. What needs to be done for this?</p><p>Well, first, we need to give a name to the left vertical frame:</p><p><img src='https://i0.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201321-38-31.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>And in the file that is loaded into the top window (gor.html), you need to add the base target="gor" element:</p><p><img src='https://i2.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/17-08-201321-40-02.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Everything, now we have done everything right. All documents linked from the upper frame open in the left window, and all links from it will open documents in the central and largest Frame. In my opinion, everything is simple and logical.</p><h3>Frame tag attributes to customize the appearance of windows</h3><p>Let's now see what attributes besides Src and Name can be used in the Frame tag to customize the appearance of frames. Let's start with <b>scrolling</b>. With it, we can customize the display of scrollbars for each window of your frame structure individually.</p><p>Scrolling is set to Auto by default - the browser will automatically decide, based on the size of the document loaded into the frame, whether to display a scrollbar or not. If the document does not fit completely into the window, a scroll bar will appear, allowing you to view it all the way to the end.</p><p>Also, as values ​​for Scrolling, you can use Yes (scroll bars in the window will always be displayed, even if the document completely fits into it) and No (scroll bars will never appear at all, even if part of the document does not fit).</p><p> <frame scrolling="yes" src="gor.html"> </p><p>In my once-existing tool, I used the default Auto and the scrollbars in the frames appeared as needed:</p><p><img src='https://i2.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/freim.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>The following attribute of the Frame tag is − <b>noresize</b>- is single (it has no values). Having registered it, you thereby prohibit changing its size, which by default is carried out by simply dragging the border of frames with the mouse.</p><p> <frame noresize src="gor.html"> </p><p>When you bring the mouse cursor to the border, you will see that the cursor will turn into a double-headed arrow and now, by pressing the left mouse button, you can move the border as you wish. Noresize imposes a ban on this self-will (when you move the mouse cursor to the border of windows, you will no longer see a double-headed arrow).</p><p><img src='https://i1.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/freimy.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Another visual attribute is <b>Frameborder</b>. With it, you can specify whether to draw a frame (border) between frames or not to draw. Frameborder can have only two possible values ​​- either 0 (do not draw a frame) or 1 (display a border). The default, of course, is 1.</p><p>There is one subtlety. If you want to remove the visible border, then you will have to add Frameborder=0 to all Frame tags of those frames that you want to remove the visible borders between.</p><p> <frame frameborder="0" src="gor.html"> </p><p><img src='https://i2.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/iframe-freim.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><p>Well, we still have to consider a couple of attributes of the Frame tag - <b>marginwidth and marginheight</b>, which set the padding in width (left and right) and height (top and bottom) from the window borders to the content loaded into it (the number means the number of padding pixels):</p><p><img src='https://i0.wp.com/ktonanovenkogo.ru/image/iframe-freimy.png' width="100%" loading=lazy loading=lazy></p><h2>Why can't you make a site on frames?</h2><p>Let's see what is the fundamental drawback of classical structures, which essentially puts an end to their use when creating a site. It consists in the fact that according to this frame structure <b>it is impossible to trace her condition</b>.</p><p>Complex structures can have thousands of different states (variants of documents opened in different frame windows), but the Url address of this very structure does not change. Because of this it will <b>Unable to use browser bookmarks</b> or send links to your favorite pages to other users. Why?</p><p>Because the address remains the same, and when you open it from your browser bookmarks, or from an email, you will get a page with the start state of the frame structure, and not the state that you would like to save.</p><p>Although, of course, this problem can be solved, but not by means of Html, but with the help of server (for example, Php) or client-side programming languages ​​(JavaScript), and these solutions will not work one hundred percent. Such solutions, in fact, allow you to add additional data about its current state to the Url address of the frame structure, but this is not easy to do, and the reliability will not be absolute.</p><p>This is the first disadvantage of using frames to create websites and is very significant, but there is another huge disadvantage. Search engines, of course, have long since learned to index them and extract from them the addresses of those documents that are loaded into their windows. The problem is different.</p><p>When a user goes from Yandex or Google search results to your site built on the basis of a frame structure, only the document that was loaded into one of the frames will open, and not the entire structure. Do you understand what I'm talking about?</p><p>The user will see the document and <b>will not see navigation on your site</b>, because it will be protected in other windows, and they are loaded only as part of the entire structure.</p><p>As a result, a site built on frames becomes simply not usable. Although, again, there are solutions to this problem based on server scripts, when a redirect will be carried out from the addresses of individual documents to a frame structure that is in the desired state, but this is again very difficult and not always reliable.</p><p>In general, the conclusion can be drawn unequivocally - <b>you don't need to create sites on frames</b>. But on the other hand, they are constantly used to create help for various applications, and they can come in handy somewhere else.</p><p>For example, I created a frame structure, which I called "Navigator" (now I temporarily removed it) and which became a kind of expanded external menu for my blog, which, in my opinion, should simplify working with the resource and, therefore, improve the ones that are now " without bullshit "very, very strongly affect the promotion of the site.</p><p>But, however, in order to avoid any problems with search engines, I closed this entire frame structure from it, and also added, just in case, the Rodots meta tag to all its Html files with a ban on their indexing:</p><p> <head> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"> <base target="ktona"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>JOOMLA</title> </head> </p><p>But all these restrictions apply only to structures on the Frame and Frameset tags, and <b>inline frames on iframe tags</b> do not have any visible flaws, and it is quite possible and even necessary to use them on your projects, at least for inserting videos from YouTube.</p> <p>Good luck to you! 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