HTML - a hypertext marking language that made the Internet as we know and love it. It is thanks to this wonderful tool that the sites look beautiful and modern, and also ensures the convenience of using them. HTML language simply component web page elements at a user-friendly option. Its work is comparable with what makes MS Word or OpenOffice. They turn the faceless mass of the letters into a document in which there are paragraphs, bold text, italics, tables and even images. Approximately the same does the HTML language, with the only difference that its documents are displayed in the browser, and the possibilities of this tool are much wider than that of the text editor. Tags are used for markup - special commands describing the structure of the web page. They are enclosed in angular brackets -<тег>So that the browser can distinguish them from the total weight of the text. Next, we consider the foundations of HTML for beginners.

Visual editors

Newbies, just pulled down on the path of studying HTML, often begin their work with programs that allow you to create sites without any knowledge. You can simply place items on the screen as they will be displayed in the browser. It would seem that he is the source of eternal grace, allowing to get rid of most web developers. But not everything is so simple, since visual editors have a lot of shortcomings that make it impossible to use their use in serious projects.

All these programs create a lot of unnecessary tags that make the final version of the page cumbersome and non-optimal. Of course, in our age of the high-speed Internet, this has less importance than before, but there are a number of reasons why a concise and competently written site is obtained more practical than its fellow created in the visual editor. Web page made in such a program will be bad to processed search robotsSince each kilobyte code is important for them, and the bulky and illogical code with a bunch is hardly necessary for them to taste. In addition, the editors often lag behind, becoming irrelevant, and spending resources on their development inexpediently, since no professional uses these products. Therefore, everyone who wants to work in the field of site creation should know the foundations of HTML.

Tags

As mentioned above, tags describe the web page structure browser. Most of them have an opening and closing tag, but not all. For example, where the content is containing instead of points. The first one shows where the tag begins, and the second closes it. Inside there may be other elements of the page markup, they can be inserted into each other like Matriuska. It is important to close the tags in a timely manner so that the page is displayed correctly.

There are also single tags that do not need to close. The content is in them inside, as well as can be registered for most HTML tags and sets the properties of the item. It is referred to in the opening tag and looks something like this: attribute \u003d "...", where the attribute value instead of points is the attribute value. Knowledge tags is the first and most important step for mastering HTML. The foundations of this art also imply an understanding of the web page structure.

Document structure

Each HTML document has a corresponding extension, for example, index.html. So the browser will be able to understand what he deals with, and correctly displays the page. All files used to create a site are desirable to store in one directory, which will further make life easier for you. The basics of the HTML hypertext of HTML layout suggest a clear understanding of the structure of the document. He starts with tagreporting the browser version of HTML, which is used in this document. At the moment, the fifth version of the language is relevant, so that there is no need to invent anything, you can safely insert the above tag to the top of any page.

Then they go the main pair structures that make up the "skeleton" of the site. The first tag in which everyone else is embedded - .... Everything that is outside of it is not recognized by the browser as a web page, so it opens the document and closes it. This tag is mandatory for any document. It also contains a few more mandatory tags that will be discussed below.

Head.

Inside tag ... contains technical information that will not be displayed on the page, but, nevertheless, is an important part hTML document. The basics of the site are laid in this place, the encoding is selected here and the name page is entered. It is contained inside the mandatory tag . The name is displayed at the top of the browser, where you can also place a small icon that characterizes the contents of the page. It is advisable to immediately specify the application encoding for its correct display. This can be done with the tag . MetaTelets provide data on page structure and are usually located inside Head.

LINK.

Knowledge of the foundations of HTML also involves the use of cascading design styles, or CSS. They set the properties of the items that will be displayed on the page. The modern approach to this task implies the imposition of such characteristics as the color, height and location of the item, to the external file for greater convenience. Tag is used to connect the CSS file . In the finished form it looks like this: where href points to the location of the file, and Type is on its type.

Body.

It is in this part of the HTML document a visible part of the page is created. Everything that is done inside the "body" will be shown a browser. IN Used a huge number hTML tags. The foundations are formatting text, working with references and simple tools to structuring a web page. To get to work in HTML, it is enough to know the main tags and be able to use them. Below are the most popular of them:

• - It is used to highlight the substring to which the special style described in CSS will be distributed;
• - creates a link to the web page; The transition address is set by the href attribute;
• - one of the most popular tags of modernity; Anyone who decided to study the foundations of the HTMLL language should pay special attention to him because it is a block element based on the lion's share of modern sites (parameters for blocks

  set in CSS, and other blocks can be located inside this tag);

• Highlights paragraph from the text; The contents of the paragraph is between opening and closing tags;

• - a numbered list, the elements of which are the pair tag
  1. - listin which, as well as in the numbered, the elements are denoted by the tag

     • -

       - document headers (digit indicates the header level, that is

       - main title, and subsequent options are its subtitles, by the way, level headings

       ,

       It is almost impossible to meet on the Internet), it is also important to remember that only one title can be on the page

       ;

     • - thumbnail;
     • - italics;
     • - Insert the pictures on the Internet page (this is a single tag, it does not require closing, but it is necessary to specify the ALT attribute, which indicates the text for the image);

     These are far from all tags required to create your own web page, but they are enough to lay the foundations of HTML for beginners.

     CSS.

     The development of the HTML language led to the fact that each tag got a mass of attributes, and the requirements for the appearance of web pages increased significantly. The code became bulky and uncomfortable, it was difficult to read it, not to adapt or change it. In addition, if there are ten pages on your site, on which many headlines marked with green, and you suddenly wanted to make them red, you will have to sweat, changing each manually. With the advent of cascading style sheets, this process has become simple and logical, and the HTML code has become much more readable.

     

     Application CSS

     To create web pages, you need to know the foundations of HTML and CSS, since now there is nothing to do in this area of \u200b\u200bcascading tables in this area. They are set attributes for any element that extend to the entire document. Thus, you can set the color immediately for all items.

     Or By writing only one rule. Given the modern requirements for the appearance of web pages, the use of cascading style sheets is mandatory.

     In order to connect the CSS file to the document, there is a LINK tag. A little higher was described by the principle of its use, but it is not the only option to combine all styles in one place. There is also a tag

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