Do-it-yourself broadband antenna. We make an antenna for digital television with our own hands

Today we share life hacks on how to make a TV antenna with your own hands. An antenna is a device for emitting or receiving radio waves. There are transmitters, receivers, and transmitters. The editors learned that a simple design can be made from copper and brass wire, copper pipes, wires, and even tin cans.

Tin Can TV Antenna

You can make a TV antenna yourself, from improvised materials, even from empty beer cans. This method is the fastest and easiest. You can make a design of electrodes and disks. The maximum number of channels will be seven.

You will need:

can;
plug;
antenna cable;
screwdriver;
adhesive tape or insulating;
wooden trempel;
self-tapping screws (2 pcs).

The room design guarantees reliable reception of an analog signal within the city and without coordination for a cable (with a length of up to 2 m).

Distance between banks:

where λ is the wavelength. Dipoles should be no more than 3-4 pieces. If there are fewer of them, the gain will be insignificant, more - there will be problems with cable matching.

The signal quality will noticeably improve if you place a metal mesh screen on the back.

Distance between screen and main structure:

How to make a design:

How to improve the antenna?

An amplifier is needed if the translator is far away. With an amplifier, the design receives the signal more reliably, but the DIY option may not work here.

You can use a magnet around which several turns of a television cable will be wound (it is assembled near the TV and on the antenna).

If the question is how to amplify the signal of a home structure so that instead of 7 20 channels are clearly broadcast, you must:

buy a special TV signal pre-amplifier;
find the place of ideal signal reception;
get rid of the interference that metal objects create.

How to make a fast antenna:

How to assemble an antenna for digital TV?

Homemade design should be:

carefully manufactured with a high degree of accuracy without loss of signal power;
strictly directed along the axis of the electromagnetic wave emanating from the transmitting center;
targeted by the type of polarization;
have protection against side interference signals of the same frequency coming from any sources: electric motors, radio transmitters, generators.

How to make your own antenna for digital TV (DVB T2):

Simple digital TV antenna: what are the options?

It will require a piece of coaxial cable with a characteristic impedance of 75 ohms and a plug to connect the structure.

The algorithm is this:

with an ordinary knife, the outer shell is cut off from the free end;
take the length with a small margin, since it is easier to bite off a small segment during adjustment than to run for a new cable;
the shielding layer is removed from this section of the cable, the inner core is exposed and the insulation is removed;
insert a plug socket into the connector on the TV signal prefix, direct the bare wire of the inner core across the incoming electromagnetic wave;
remember about horizontal polarization;
the terrestrial digital antenna must be fixed on the windowsill or with a piece of adhesive tape on the glass;
interference and reflected signals are shielded by a strip of foil located at a small distance from the central core;

Types of antennas and which ones can you make yourself?

There are "Polish", "eight" and "square". The digital antennas for the TV tuner and set-top box must be tuned to the same frequency.

IMPORTANT! Both the set-top box and the tuner must be able to decode the signal.

"Polish" antenna and digital TV

It provides high-quality and reliable reception of analog television (+ UHF), but is completely unsuitable for receiving modern digital TV.

"Eight": manufacturing algorithm

Simple design for DVB T2, which can be made from copper wire Ø 3 mm. The reflector is not used. The upper side of the segments is 14 cm, the side is 13 cm.

We measure the wire 112 cm long and begin to bend:

We bend the 1st segment with a length of 14 cm (for the antenna - 13 cm and 1 cm - for the strength of the loop);
2nd and 3rd, like 6 and 7 - 14 cm;
4th and 5th - 13 cm;
8th - 14 cm - 13 cm and 1 cm - with a strength loop.

We clean the loops, twist and solder - they will become contacts for connecting the cable. For soldering, we strip the cable from the antenna side by 2 cm and 1 cm from the plug side, the joints are sealed with any elastic hot melt adhesive.

What is a "square" and is it worth it to take it yourself?

A modification of the "three squares" design with 6 elements and a transformer, confidently receives digital and analog channels at a distance of up to 10 km line of sight.

double square

Behind the main frame is a reflector, the side of the main frame is 0.254λ, the side of the reflector is 0.278λ, the distance between the frames is 0.089λ.

Another version of the double square is two rings.

butterfly antenna

Shortwave small-sized antenna, shaped like a butterfly. For its manufacture, a copper wire Ø about 2 mm is required, for external use 4 mm is also allowed, for home use - a conventional television coaxial cable 75 Ohm.

Rectangular wire frame (length and width):

for TV - 500x200 mm;
for Wi-fi (omnidirectional) and Bluetooth - 90x30 mm.

We twist the frame crosswise and cut it with wire cutters so that two triangles are formed. We solder the coaxial cable and fix it with brackets (adhesive tape) on the dielectric ebonite, wood or plastic.

Powerful TV antenna: what should I know about it?

In order for the device to function like a conventional antenna, its receiving circuit must be improved.

Algorithm:

we buy signal amplification equipment;
connect to the device to eliminate signal interference;
wrap the cable at both ends with insulating tape;
we make a screen for high-quality reception: a kind of metal mesh, which is isolated from the TV and fixed behind the receiver;
an ordinary metal mesh from an ordinary fence will do for the screen;
add iron bars and connect them symmetrically to the screen to amplify the signal (it is necessary that the entire structure is of the same type of metal to avoid oxidation)$
in the center of the installation we place another amplifier and solder the contacts to the receiver.

IMPORTANT! Such a television structure is installed on the roof with a reference to the nearest television tower.

Versatile design

Necessary tools and materials:

copper wire (length 4 m, cross section 4 mm2);
board of any thickness, but 7 cm wide, 55 cm long;
soldering iron;
wood screws;
tape measure or ruler;
screwdriver;
simple pencil.

Algorithm:

cut the copper wire into 8 parts, the length of each is 37.5 cm;
remove the insulating layer in the middle part of each of the received parts of the wire;
cut off 2 more copper wires (22 cm each) and divide them conditionally into 3 equal parts;
at the inflection points, remove the insulating layer;
we bend the wire in prepared (bare) places;
the distance between the ends of the wire bent in half 7.5 cm;
fix the plug, connect the TV cable.

How to make an antenna for digital TV (DVB T2) yourself:

Log-periodic (all-wave) design

This is a collecting line with halves of dipoles installed alternately on it. The length of a piece of wire forming a half-dipole will be equal to λ/4.

IMPORTANT! Do-it-yourself outdoor structures can give amplification up to 25 dB, about 12 dB indoor.

The LPA is ideal for receiving both analog and digital signals. To calculate the parameters, it is necessary to know the value of the progression index (from 0.7 to 0.9) and the opening angle α (30-60°). We take as a basis the proportion and calculate the necessary parameters:

τ=B2/B1=B3/B2=Bn/(B(n-1)) = A2/A1=A3/A2=An/(A(n-1))

The gain is better, the larger τ. The directivity can be increased by decreasing the angle α.

Calculation of parameters:

determine the values of B2 and A2;
calculate B1 and A1 and other parameters.

What are the types of antennas? Homemade simple homemade antenna

Home construction is mounted from copper or brass wire. Aluminum is not suitable because it oxidizes quickly.

The wire is cleaned from both ends of the insulating material, one end is attached to a pipe or battery, the opposite is inserted into the television connector. The amplifier of the necessary frequencies is a pipe that runs through the whole house and goes upstairs. Immediately there is a signal, the antenna catches 5 channels.

For an apartment with a balcony

A longer wire is taken, since the TV and the balcony area will need to be connected. The wire is stripped on both sides, one end is connected to the TV in a cable socket, and the other is pulled out to the balcony and attached to ropes or strings. Such an antenna gives a sharper image, and there are more channels with it.

Antenna for giving

Stable signal reception at a distance of up to 30 km is established by passive structures both in winter and in summer. For long distances, more powerful structures are needed, preferably with an amplifier. For hilly terrain and ultra-long-range reception, the antenna must be raised higher using a mast for this.

For a classic design for a summer residence, you will need:

wire (Ø 1.5 mm) - based on - 1.5-2 m per antenna and 5-6 m at a distance from the structure to the TV;
2. the outer part of the prepared wire (twist 1-1.5 m into a ring, Ø from 356 mm to 450 mm);
the inside of the antenna (make a second ring out of wire, dimensions - 180 mm;
finished rings - the basis of the future antenna - are fixed on a piece of plywood (a piece of wood is also possible), but so that the tree does not overlap the rings and does not hang out;
orient the finished structure with rings in the direction of the signal source, rotate the antenna to search for the best signal.

Antenna Kharchenko (biquadrat)

This is an external zigzag design with a reflector.

Z-antenna system with reflector provides the same parameters as
LP antenna. The difference lies in the main lobe - it is twice as long horizontally, which allows you to catch a signal from all directions.

The UHF antenna is made of a copper tube and a 6 mm thick aluminum sheet.

Car antenna: internal and external

Internal

You will need a frame device, which is laid at the back under the glass seal. In the upper part, it is narrower, but the dimensions are not those required at a frequency of 27 MHz. For this reason, a capacitor is installed in the center, with the help of which the TV antenna for the car is tuned to resonance on the desired channel.

IMPORTANT! There are several receiving frequencies - 27 and 65 MHz, 28.2 and 68 MHz.

Manufacturing algorithm:

we take the MGTF 0.5 wire, which is laid along the edges of the rear window in the form of a trapezoid;
the same is done with the upper part;
the poles are arranged so that it is easy to add wires for a matching capacitor;
to remove the signal, use the RK-50 cable;
in the center of the rear window, 5-25 PF are fixed, to which both cables are directed strictly vertically.

Universal compact TV antenna in the car:

External

For a good signal, you need to fix a pair of telescopic antennas from the radio. The case can be taken from the Polish device.

Figure 11 - Polish design - the basis for an internal auto antenna

Supplying power to the amplifier:

we take the connector for the active TV antenna and solder the wire to it;
we pass the cable from the TV antenna so as not to pinch it;
it is screwed to the connector;
the wire soldered to the connector is connected to the +12 output on the radio to turn on the amplifier or active antenna.

There are active in-salon combined TV antennas with external elements for receiving MV / UHF.

In addition to the above, there are meter (crossed aluminum tubes) and fractal antennas.

Do-it-yourself fractal Wi-fi antenna:

IMPORTANT! All stories about the efficient operation of a mercury antenna are a big misconception. Science does not know a single principle by which a mercury antenna could work. The editors warn that making a mercury antenna on your own is a so-so idea and a dangerous undertaking.

What is a digital TV multiplex?

A digital multiplex is a set of channels of the same frequency. There are two multiplexes: the first is available in all cities with digital TV, but not all towers are ready for the second. For installation, you will need a receiver and an antenna with DVB T2 support.

It has always been difficult to get high-quality antennas - the Soviet industry practically did not produce them, so people themselves made them from improvised means. Today, the situation has not changed much - in stores you can only find lightweight aluminum Chinese crafts that do not show good results and rarely live more than a year. What to do if you like to watch TV, but there is no quality reception? The answer is simple -With free time and a pair of skillful hands, anyone can handle this.

Most recently, analog television operated in Russia, but now almost the entire country has switched to digital broadcasting. Its main difference is that it works in the decimeter range.

You can create a homemade antenna for the digital range at home

This was done for reasons of economy and safety - the care of the transmitting antenna-feeder stations is actually not required, their maintenance is minimized, the harm from contact with powerful transmitters for the masters is minimal. But such stations have one serious drawback - low power. And if in a big city the signal can often be caught even on a piece of copper wire, then far from the transmitter, reception can be difficult. If you live outside the city, in remote areas or villages, you will have to assemble your own antenna and take it outside to catch the desired signal.

Attention:signal problems can occur even in the city center. Decimeter waves are practically not muffled by other sources, but are reflected from thick reinforced concrete walls. In modern high-rise buildings there are many places where they are completely attenuated, not reaching the TV receiver.

It is also worth noting that DVB-T2 (the new television standard) offers a fairly constant but weak signal. With a noise level one and a half to two units above the norm, the TV reproduces the air quite clearly, but as soon as the noise exceeds 2 dB, the signal disappears completely. Digital television is not sensitive to electromagnetic interference - it is not knocked down by a working refrigerator or microwave. But if there is a mismatch anywhere in the system, then the picture stops or falls apart. qualitysolve this problem, but in some cases, it will have to be taken out onto the street or onto the roof.

Basic requirements for antennas

The television standards in force in the USSR do not fit modern realities - the protective and directional coefficients today have practically no effect on signals. The air in the cities is clogged and contains a lot of dirt, so you should not pay attention to these coefficients. You are guaranteed to receive interference on any antenna, so you do not need to achieve a reduction in DRR AND NPV. It is better to improve the gain of the antenna so that it receives a large range of air and selects the desired stream, rather than focusing on a specific signal. The processor of the set-top box or TV itself will isolate the necessary signals and create a normal picture.

Classic Polish antenna with amplifier

So, Experienced engineers recommend building band antennas. They must be correctly calculated by taking signals in the classical way, and not by engineering "optimizations" and traps. The ideal option is that the device fully complies with theoretical calculations and geometry. Also, the constructed antenna must be consistent with the cable at operating ranges without the use of matching devices. In this case, it is best to create a frequency response smooth and even, since phase distortions appear when the amplitude-frequency characteristic fails or jumps.

Attention: analog antennas with ferrite USS, which provide full-fledged reception of the old signal, practically do not work with DVB. It is necessary to build a “digital” antenna.

In the article we will analyze modern types of antennas that work with new digital broadcasting.

Antenna types

What do-it-yourself digital TV antennas can be collected at home? There are three most common options:

All-wave, or as radio amateurs call it, is frequency independent. It assembles very quickly, does not require high knowledge or specialized tools. Well suited for the private sector, villages, summer cottages - where the air is not littered with garbage, but not far from the transmitter.
log-periodic range. It has a simple design, well receives a signal at a close and medium distance from the transmitter. It can be used as a remote if the transmitter is located far away, or as a home wall antenna.
Z-antenna and its variations. Many radio amateurs are familiar with meter-long "zashkas" - they are quite large and require a lot of effort to assemble. But in the decimeter range, they are quite compact and do their job well.

The nuances of construction

If you want to build a quality antenna, you must master the art of soldering. You can not twist the contacts and guides - during operation they are oxidized, the signal is lost, the picture quality deteriorates. Therefore, all connections are soldered.

Such connections are not allowed - be sure to solder them

You also need to deal with zero-potential points where currents occur even when there is no voltage. Experts recommend making them from a single piece of metal, without using welding at all. Even high-quality welded pieces can make noise at the boundary values, while a solid strip will “pull out” the signal.

Also when creating homemade antenna for digital TV you need to deal with soldering cables. Today, copper is practically not used for braiding, since it is expensive and quickly oxidizes. Modern braid is made of steel, which is not afraid of corrosion, but it is very poorly soldered. It must not be overheated or squeezed. Use 36-40 watt soldering irons, flux and light solder to connect. Dip the winding well in the flux and apply solder - it is perfectly taken with this method of application.

All Wave Antenna

The all-wave antenna has a fairly simple design. It consists of triangles, copper wire and wooden slats. You can study the design in more detail in the picture - it does not represent something supernatural.

The thickness of the wire can be any, the distance between adjacent wires is 25-30 mm, the distance between the plates is no more than 10 mm. The design can be improved by abandoning the plates and using textolite. It needs to be given the appropriate shape or just remove the copper foil in the shape of a triangle.

The remaining proportions are standard - the height of the device must match the width, the plates diverge at a right angle. Zero potential is on the extreme line home tv antenna , just at the intersection of the cable with the vertical guide. To avoid quality losses, the cable must be pulled to it with a tie - this is enough for coordination. Such an antenna, hung out on the street or directed at a window, receives virtually the entire frequency range, but has a small dip, so you need to set the correct angle when fixing the antenna.

By the way, this design can be upgraded with ordinary aluminum cans from beer and cola. The principle of its operation is as follows: with an increase in the span of the shoulders, the working band expands, although the rest of the indicators remain within the original limits. The Nadenenko dipole, often used in military developments, works on the same principle. Aluminum cans fit perfectly in shape and size, creating vibrator arms in the decimeter range.

Double Can Antenna for TV

You can create a simple canned antenna by simply soldering two cans to a cable. This do-it-yourself indoor TV antenna suitable for viewing channels at a small to medium distance from transmitters. Nothing needs to be coordinated in this scheme, especially if the cable length is less than 2 meters.

You can complicate the design by assembling a full-fledged lattice from eight cans and using an amplifier from an ordinary Polish antenna. This design is great for hanging outdoors in areas remote from the transmitter. To enhance the signal, a metal mesh can be placed behind the structure.

Z antenna

There are complex Z-antenna designs with multiple loops, but in most cases they are not needed. You can easily assemble a structure from ordinary copper wire 3 mm thick. If you don’t have one, then just buy a single-core copper wire 3 mm long, 120 mm long - this will be enough for you to work. This design consists of two segments. We bend the wire according to the following scheme:

The starting section is 14 centimeters long. Its edge is bent into a loop to connect with the last one (loop 1 cm, total length of the first piece - 13 cm).
The second piece is bent at 90 degrees (it is better to bend with pliers to keep the angles). Its length is 14 cm.
The third piece is bent at 90 degrees parallel to the first, length 14 cm.
The fourth and fifth pieces are 13 cm each, the bend does not reach the loop by 2 cm.
The sixth and seventh pieces are 14 cm each, bent at 90 degrees.
Eighth - returns to the loop, length 14.1 cm goes to a new loop.

Next, you need to clean the two loops well and solder them. The opposite corner is also cleared. The cable contacts are soldered to them - to one central, to the second - a braid. There is no difference to which contact to solder.. It is advisable to insulate the soldered places, for this you can use sealants or hot melt adhesive. The ends of the cable are soldered to the plug and also insulated with cambric.

You can assemble such an antenna in half an hour

To avoid displacement of the segments, the edges can be reinforced. To do this, take an ordinary plastic cap from a five-liter bottle, cut 4 slots in it so that the wire sinks to the base. Cut the fifth hole for the cable. Then put the antenna into the cover (after checking the quality and reliability of the soldering), and fill it with hot glue. The resulting design will be practically eternal - it is capable of receiving a stable signal at a distance of up to 10 km from the source.

So you already know what can be used instead of a TV antenna. In fact, the designs are much larger than those that we have described, but even these will be enough for you. If you live far from the signal source, then you will need amplifying antennas - you can get by with the classic “polka” with gain. Well, if everything is bad with the ether, then use satellites.

The main indicator of the quality of each antenna is its interaction with the on-air signal. This principle of operation underlies both purchased and home-made antennas. We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the recommendations on how to make an antenna for digital TV with your own hands.

Features of modern television

If we compare the modern television broadcast with the broadcast that was a few years ago, we can find certain differences. First of all, the UHF range is used for broadcasting. Thus, it is possible to significantly save money and signal reception by the antenna. In addition, in this case, the need for periodic maintenance of the antennas is also eliminated.

Also, there are many more television sensors than before, so most TV channels are available in almost all places in the country. To provide television broadcasting in habitable areas, low-power sensors are used.

In large cities, radio waves propagate differently. Due to the large number of multi-storey buildings, the signal through them is weak. In addition, there are a huge number of television channels, for which one standard television antenna is not enough to receive.

With the development of digital broadcasting, receiving channels has become even easier. These types of antennas are resistant to interference, phase or cable distortion, image clarity.

DIY simple digital antenna: device requirements

Since the broadcasting conditions have changed, the rules for operating modern antennas have changed:

1. One of the main parameters of a television antenna, in the form of a directivity factor and a protection factor, are not particularly important. To combat various kinds of interference, various electronic means are used.

2. The coefficient responsible for the gain of the antennas improves the signal, clears it of extraneous sounds and various kinds of interference.

3. Another important quality of a modern television antenna is range. Saving electrical parameters is carried out automatically, without additional human intervention.

4. The operating range of the television antenna should interact well with the cable that connects to the antenna.

5. In order to avoid the appearance of phase distortions, it is necessary to ensure decent antenna characteristics in the amplitude-frequency ratio.

The characteristics of the last three points are determined by the properties for receiving a television signal using an antenna. An antenna operating at one frequency is capable of receiving several wave channels. However, in order for them to be coordinated with the feeder, it is necessary to have OSS that strongly absorb signals.

Therefore, there are certain variants of digital antennas available for making at home. We invite you to familiarize yourself with them:

1. All-wave version of the antenna, such devices are frequency independent, they are cheap, very popular among consumers. One hour is enough to make such an antenna. Such an antenna is perfect for city apartments, but in a village that is somewhat distant from television centers, such an antenna will work worse.

2. Speech therapy band version of the antenna - such an antenna picks up certain signals. It has a simple structure, is well suited for various operating ranges, does not change the parameters of the feeder. Differs in average technical parameters, perfectly is suitable for country houses, dachas, apartments.

3. Z-shaped antenna, which is also called a zigzag. For the manufacture of such a design will require a lot of time and physical effort. Differs in wide receiving characteristics. With the help of such an antenna, it is possible to expand the range of reception of television channels.

To achieve an exact match between the antennas, it is necessary to lay the cable through the zero potential value.

Do-it-yourself digital TV antenna: reception characteristic

Vibratone antennas are capable of finding several more digital ones on one analog channel. Such devices receive wave channels. They are rarely used and are relevant for places remote from television towers.

Self-manufacturing of a satellite dish is a meaningless process. Since in this process you will need to purchase a purchased tuner and head, and the mirror alignment must be very accurate, it is almost impossible to achieve it at home. You can only configure such an antenna yourself, but not its manufacture.

In order to make the above antenna options, you need to be very well versed in higher mathematics and electrodynamic processes. Among the main characteristics of the terms used in the manufacturing process of television antennas, we note:

1. KU - antenna power, which is determined in the ratio of the received antenna signal to its main lobe.

2. KND - the relationship between the solid circle and the solid angle of the antenna lobes. If there are lobes of different sizes, they change in area.

3. KPD - the ratio between the signal received on the main lobe and the total amount of antenna power.

Please note that if the antenna is a band antenna, then the power is taken into account in relation to the useful signal.

Note that the first two terms are not necessarily interdependent. There are certain variants of antennas that have a high directivity, but unity or less gain. However, in a zigzag antenna, significant gain is coupled with a low level of directivity.

Do-it-yourself digital TV antenna: manufacturing technology

Each of the antenna elements, through which the current flows, giving a useful signal, must be connected to the other by soldering or welding. Any prefabricated assembly located on the street must be well fixed, since the destruction of the electronic contact on the street occurs faster than indoors.

Particular attention should be paid to zero potential. It is in these places that the nodes of voltage, electric current, at its highest power, are located. For the manufacture of places with zero potential, one-piece bent metal is used.

For the manufacture of the braid or the central core, a coaxial cable is used, made of copper or an inexpensive alloy with anti-corrosion properties. For soldering the cable, a forty-volt soldering machine is used, with low-melting solders and flux paste.

Do-it-yourself outdoor digital antenna is made in such a way that all connections are resistant to moisture, temperature changes and other environmental influences.

To make an all-wave antenna, you will need two triangular plates, two rails made of wood and enameled wire. At the same time, the size of the wire in diameter is practically not important, and the interval between their ends is about 2-3 cm. The interval between the plates on which the ends of the wire are located is 1 cm. Two metal plates can be replaced by a one-sided square-shaped fiberglass coated with foil. At the same time, copper triangles should be cut out on it.

The antenna width should be the same as the height. Cloths open at a right angle. In order to lay the cable to this antenna, you must follow a certain scheme. The cable braid is not soldered to the point indicating zero potential. She's just attached to her.

CHNA, which stretches inside the window by 150 cm, is able to receive most meter and DCM channels in any direction. The advantage of this antenna is that it has a wide channel reception interval. Therefore, such antennas are popular in large cities where there are various television centers. However, such an antenna has certain disadvantages - the KU of the antenna is single, and the KZD is zero. Therefore, in the presence of large interference, the antenna will be irrelevant.

It is possible to make other types of digital antennas with your own hands with a CNA, for example, a logarithmic spiral of two turns. This version of the antenna is compact and easier to manufacture.

Essential digital antennas with hands from beer cans

To make a digital antenna with your own hands from a cable, you will need beer cans. This version of the antenna, with the right approach to its manufacture, has good performance characteristics. In addition, such an antenna is quite simple to manufacture.

The principle of operation of such an antenna is based on an increase in the diameter of the arms on a conventional linear vibrator. In this case, the working band is expanded, while other properties do not change.

Beer cans in relation to their size are used as arms on a vibrator. At the same time, the expansion of the shoulders is unlimited. This version of a simple vibrator is used as a do-it-yourself indoor digital antenna for receiving television broadcasts by connecting directly with a cable.

If we dwell on the option of assembling an in-phase grating from a beer dipole, located vertically, with a step of half a wave, then it will be possible to improve the gain value of the antenna. Also, an amplifier from the antenna must be installed on this device, with the help of which the device is coordinated and tuned.

To enhance such an antenna, a KZD is added to it, a screen and a grid installed on it at the back, with an interval of half the grating. To install a beer antenna, you will need a dielectric mast, while the screen and mast are connected by a mechanical connection.

At the same time, about three or four rows are arranged on the grate. Two gratings are not capable of achieving much gain.

DIY UHF antenna for digital television

A log-periodic version of the antenna is called a prefabricated type antenna, which is connected to the halves on a linear dipole, the interval between them changes, in relation to the geometric parameters of the progression. There are configured and free lines. We propose to dwell on a longer and smoother version of the antenna.

For the manufacture of LPA, it is necessary to have any predetermined range. The higher the progression, the greater the gain of the antenna. This version of the antenna, in terms of operational and technical characteristics, is ideal for manufacturing at home.

The main principle of its normal functioning is to conduct correct calculations. With an increase in progressive indicators, the gain increases and the opening angle of the directivity decreases. This antenna does not need an additional screen. Since it does not depend on its general characteristics.

In the process of calculating a digital LP antenna, use the following recommendations:

the second longest vibrator must have a margin of frequency power;
then the longest dipole is calculated;
after that, another specified frequency range is added.

If the shortest dipole leaves lines, then it is cut off, as it is needed on the antenna, only for calculations. The total length of the antenna will be about 40 cm.

The diameter of the lines on the antenna is about 7-16 mm. In this case, the interval between the location of the axes is 40 mm. The cable is not tied to the line by the external method, as this will adversely affect the technical properties of the antenna.

The outdoor antenna is fixed on the mast using the center of gravity. Otherwise, the antenna will constantly shake under the influence of the wind. However, the metal mast is not connected to the line in a straight line, since a dielectric mast should be provided at this place, the length of which is about 150 cm. As a dielectric material, a wooden beam, previously painted or varnished, can be used.

DIY digital antenna video:

Digital technology is already "walking the country" with might and main, and many are eager to buy TVs that support this format. But if this is not possible, there is another way out - to make the antenna yourself. With a little theoretical and practical training, almost anyone can do it.

How to make your own dvb -antenna

Digital technologies involve the transmission of image and sound through digital video encoding. It differs from analog equipment in that the interference practically does not interfere with the signal, so it enters the receiver device with minimal losses.

To date, there are already 20 channels of this type. To be able to connect to it, it is not necessary to have special equipment. In this case, we are talking about receiving a high-quality signal, for which it will be enough to have a television cable. It is also called coaxial.

To receive a digital signal, you need a decimeter antenna. It is very simple to do it yourself - you only need an antenna cable. But the main thing is not to make mistakes in the calculations. The procedure is as follows:

Take 30 cm of antenna cable and connectors (male/female and F-connector).
Prepare wire cutters, a tape measure (at worst, a ruler), a knife and a calculator.
Next, you will need a computer with an internet connection. Find a coverage map of dvb channels on the digital television website, determine which one is closest to your city. There is a search form.
Find a station, find out the detailed frequencies on which it operates.
There may be specified several channels and frequencies for them. The antenna length is calculated when 7500 is divided by the frequency. For example, if the channel frequency is 754 MHz, then 7500:754=9.94 is obtained. Thus, it turns out that a home-made dvb antenna should be about 10 cm long. If there are several stations, the average length is determined.
Attach the F-connector to the end of the antenna wire with your own hands. It's easy - the cable is stripped, the connector is screwed on top. It is necessary that there is a central wire in the middle, and a foil with wires at the attachment point.
A few centimeters further recede from the connector, then measure another 10, and cut off the unnecessary.
The plastic insulation and the "screen" (wiring with foil) are removed from the remaining cable, the antenna is ready. Now the question is its connection.

There is another manufacturing method, which is also simple and requires a minimum of materials at hand: a plank of about 550x70 mm, self-tapping screws, copper wire (40 cm long, central core 4 mm in diameter). A piece is made from wood. 8 wires, each 375 mm long, stripped in the middle by about 30 mm, thus providing good conditions for signal reception. Then you need to cut two wires 220 mm long, and clean the joints according to the size of the plank. The remaining wires are bent with the letter "V".

A special plug connects the antenna and the cable (the plug can be purchased separately). The wire is fixed on the plug with a desktop soldering iron. Homemade antenna is ready.

The third method will require the presence of:

A small incision is made in the cable sheath, 10 cm from the edge, twist the covering “foil”, cutting off the middle layer by 10 mm.

From the opposite end, install the plug to connect to the TV. A cable is attached to one of the cans, the middle of the wire is screwed to the second, and best of all by soldering, the adhesive tape is unreliable.

Fasten the jars in a straight line on the trempel at a distance of about 7-8 cm. Now the device must be fixed in the place of the clearest reception of the television signal. True, such a device will not be able to catch many channels, a maximum of 10.

Feature and dvb connections -antennas

The difficulty may lie in finding such a point in the apartment where the digital television signal would be best caught.
Then sometimes there are problems in order to insert the antenna into the set-top box or TV. Options - for example, first insert an extension cord into the console, and then the cable is inserted into it. At the same time, it should not interfere with anyone, ideally it is generally better to hide it somehow.

Self-made designs of this kind, apparently, do not take much time. So for about 100-400 rubles you can build a do-it-yourself digital television device of the dvb standard. According to reviews, it works even better than various expensive telescopic devices. True, only for digital TV of one frequency. Not suitable for analog. A high-quality image can be obtained provided that a powerful transmitting station is located no further than 30 km. True, sometimes the distance is reduced even to a range of 5-10 km.

Features of dvb reception

There are still home-made ways to amplify the signal, especially if the terrain or a great distance from the transmitter (50-100 km.) Does not allow you to get good digital TV reception. For a high-altitude external antenna, you will need to install a board, and any two-transistor with a low or medium gain will do. Powerful amplifiers in this case are not required, since the signal is quite distorted.

The digital encoding of the television signal allows it to be delivered to the receiver, minimizing any losses. The TV needs a DVB-T2 antenna to support the technology. Making such a device with your own hands is much cheaper than buying a ready-made one, paying about 3 thousand rubles for it. Terrestrial digital television is replacing all similar types of signal transmission, while offering high-quality broadcasting and a variety of channels.

Live changes

Making an antenna for an old-style tube TV was considered prestigious at one time and showed a level of skill; in the modern world, interest in home-made devices does not fade away, and many make DVB-T2 terrestrial antennas with their own hands. Manufacturers of industrial equipment are adapting to changing reception conditions by connecting modern electronics to standard well-known designs, completely ignoring the fact that the main condition for the antenna to work is its interaction with the terrestrial signal.

In recent years, almost all broadcasting takes place in the DVB-T2 range, which reduces the cost and simplifies, from an economic point of view, the antenna-feeder economy of transmission stations. Periodic maintenance requires fewer highly qualified personnel, and their work becomes less harmful and dangerous.

Television broadcast transmitters cover all major cities and sparsely populated villages with signals, so catching waves from unattended low-power stations in remote areas becomes relevant if a do-it-yourself DVB-T2 antenna is installed, made from improvised materials.

Due to the expanded construction of reinforced concrete buildings within the city, the conditions for signal propagation in settlements have changed significantly. Multi-storey buildings with a metal frame are a kind of mirrors, reflecting waves several times up to complete attenuation.

There are many TV channels on the air today. A digital signal differs from the rest in that it either exists or it does not exist, there is no middle position given. Other transmission systems differ in that the channels perceive interference differently, which reduces their broadcast quality, sometimes the image may simply disappear. An antenna for DVB-T2, made by yourself, will allow you to receive the same signal for all channels that show the same quality picture.

A digital broadcast signal is special in that it is not affected by interference, if it is one and a half decibels higher than the noise, then good reception is achieved. Loss of signal is affected by mismatch with the cable or phase distortion in any part of the transmission from the camera to the tuner, while the image can crumble into small pieces even with a strong signal.

Basic features for manufacturing an antenna

Before DVB-T2 with your own hands, you should study the principle of its operation.

To capture a digital signal, it is required that it is very easy to design even from a simple cable, after making the correct calculation.

The theory says that digital signals are easily broadcast in the decimeter range and can be received by any type of antenna, but in reality this is not always the case.

You can make a television antenna yourself at minimal cost and without the help of outsiders, but it should be remembered that the received device is inferior to professional devices in terms of reception quality.

Antenna Requirements

New conditions for broadcasting, distribution and reception on the air have changed the basic requirements that do-it-yourself TV antennas must meet. DVB-T2 has canceled previously significant directional and protective factors. They do not matter in modern devices, since the air is polluted, and even small penetrating interference can be dealt with only by means of electronics. At the same time, an important role is played by the intrinsic gain of the antenna (GA).

An antenna that tracks the air well has a power reserve for the received signal, which allows the electronics to sift it from interference and noise. A modern do-it-yourself DVB-T2 antenna retains electrical performance in a natural way, and does not adapt to acceptable parameters using engineering techniques. It is coordinated over the entire operating frequency range without the use of balancing devices.

Antenna Amplitude and Frequency Characteristics

The antenna is made as smooth as possible, phase distortion occurs due to spikes and dips. Single-frequency antennas are stretched in an acceptable noise-to-signal ratio, thus allowing them to receive up to 40 channels. But matching amplifiers are additionally installed to them, which absorb waves or distort phase indicators.

The most efficient do-it-yourself DVB-T2 digital antenna is made:

frequency-independent - with low performance, but cheap and easy to manufacture, designed in a short period of time, intended for reception in a relatively clean air at a short distance from the transmitted station;
periodic range, catching all the waves in the open space, ideally sorting them out, which has a simple design, ideally works in tandem with a frieder throughout the entire length of the reception.

If we talk about the design, then the simplest do-it-yourself DVB-T2 antenna is made in the “eight”, “Polish” and “square” versions.

Antenna type "eight"

Refers to easily constructed devices, made according to the standard figure-eight type, from which the reflector is removed. The ideal material is but aluminum strip, corner, tube, tire, other profile is used. The top size is 140 mm, the side part is 130 mm long, but these dimensions are given as a guide, during manufacture they should not be kept exactly to the millimeter.

First, cut a wire 112 cm long, begin to bend the first part 140 mm long, of which 130 mm goes to the antenna, and 10 mm remains for the loop. The next two sections are bent equally to a length of 140 mm, the next two are 130 mm each, the next pair is 140 mm each, then another 140 mm, then 130 mm and a second loop is made. The connections are pre-cleaned, connected and soldered, they are also contacts for fastening the cable core.

Stripping the cable and plug is done with a scalpel and needle file. After soldering, the joints are sealed and fastened with glue from a hot gun. If we talk about the plug, then the glue is poured into the solder joint, then into the cavity of the cap, then the excess is removed. The joint is assembled so quickly that the adhesive mass does not harden. It turns out an eternal strong and elastic connection. For contact, we clean the ends of the cable from the side of the plug by 1 cm, from the side of the antenna - by 2 cm.

Do-it-yourself indoor digital DVB-T2 antenna, when soldered, is also sealed with glue, where it is recommended to install a rigid frame at the contact point according to the size of the joint. If the device is made for itself and will be rigidly fixed during operation, and the transfer is not needed, then the frame is not made. A device made according to this type easily picks up digital signals in a direct line of sight of a television tower at a distance of up to 10 km when installed outdoors.

Using a "Polish" antenna

The "Polish" antenna got its name in the days of the former Soviet Union as a reliable device for receiving Soviet television signals, as well as channels in the decimeter range. Reception of digital broadcasting on it is practically not carried out due to low efficiency. Some amateurs are trying to bring the design to the ideal by shortening the long decimeter mustache and removing the reflector. Such a change in some cases allows you to adjust the image in digital format, but it is impossible to talk about guaranteed obtaining a reliable result. Speaking about Polish devices, we can note the high-quality work of the amplifier, which effectively works with a digital signal.

Antenna type "square"

Such a do-it-yourself DVB-T2 indoor antenna is a modified copy of the standard design, known as the “three squares”, in which there are six components and a matching transformer is provided. A self-made antenna of this type confidently copes with receiving digital TV channels at a distance of up to 10 km in a straight line, for longer distances a signal amplifier is required.

The design of the antenna is simple in execution. The main structural element consists of round aluminum wire and solid wires. The wire is bent to obtain six squares and a matching tap is made, which is a high-frequency transformer, so that the cable and DVB-T2 antenna are combined with an amplifier by signal. With their own hands, they solder the wires to the points, wrap them with copper wire and tin with a soldering iron.

The cable is attached to the antenna with special clamps or with ordinary insulating tape. The cable is connected with a support, a wooden plank or other material is used. When installing indoors or outdoors, the main condition is precise tuning to the television tower. This is done using the navigator, if there is no line of sight, the direction is specified to the effect of obtaining a strong signal.

Beer can antenna device

The manufacturing technology of such an efficient antenna is very simple and does not require special skills.

Using a thick awl or screwdriver, make neat holes in the neck of each of the two cans, then screw the screws into them. The cable ends are freed from the braid, the copper wires are cleaned with a knife from varnish, they are attached under the caps of the self-tapping screws. It is very good to solder the resulting joint, but not necessary.

The DVB-T2 digital antenna is almost made by hand, it remains to fix the cans on the prepared rail or pipe so that there is a distance of 7.5 cm between them. The second cable end is equipped with a standard plug that connects to the receiver, the device is installed in the place of the best signal fixation. Placing this type of device outdoors requires reliable protection from the weather. This is done with any waterproof material, often large plastic bottles are used. The antenna receives up to 15 satellite TV channels and digital broadcasting.

Use of instruments and amplification

At a certain distance from the television tower, the antenna is able to receive signals without installing additional amplifying devices. To receive a signal from a greater distance, they are stocked with a wave amplifier with separate power supply. The device is arranged near the tuner, and the matching device is made additionally, for its manufacture you need:

potentiometer for gain adjustment;
standard decoupled chokes L4 and L3;
coils L2 and L1 are wound according to the dimensions from the reference book;
a metal screen to separate the circuits at the output from the circuit of the device.

Amplifiers are placed no further than 3 meters from the place where the DVB-T2 antenna is installed from the cable, which receives power from its own unit with its contacts. When installing an antenna near a broadcasting tower, it is not recommended to additionally use an amplifier, since a strong signal worsens the image and has an additional effect on the entire structure. The recommended cable length is three meters, a larger wire will unbalance the balun.

Application of a symmetrizer

This device is needed for any type of antenna, and it does not matter whether it was made at the factory or in the craftsman's workshop. Antenna for DVB-T2, made by hand, gives good image quality when connected to a tuner. If the cable length is more than 10 m, then when installed outside the building, there are inconsistencies in the resistance of the outer space and the cable. In this case, it is required to use a symmetrizer in the complex solution of the antenna economy, which greatly improves the quality of the image on the screen.

Cable laying and antenna installation

The main rule is to set the antenna to a height. If this cannot be done in the room, you need to take the device to an external wall. To install an antenna in a private building, digital broadcasting operators rely on a device height of 10 m. If the antenna is located on the ground floor of a house, nearby metal structures and industrial objects cause reception degradation.

When the antenna is located under a canopy or roof of the house, attention is paid to the roofing material - it should not contain a metallized coating or sputtering in the composition. Metal tiles, corrugated board, iron or foil insulation create significant interference with the reception of digital television signals.

For highly located receiving antennas on a metal mast or pin, a steel rod of at least one meter in size is provided, to which a ground wire is connected. The device located on the roof is included in the general grounding system of the house.

The cable is not led out through the smoke and ventilation ducts, they are not hung on existing electrical wires, even if they look more than reliable. Holes in the walls are inclined so that moisture from the street does not flow into the room; special plugs are used, which are commercially available. If the antenna is made soundly and correctly, they take a high quality cable and wall sockets, since after the final finishing of the walls it is difficult to remake the cable in the wall and replace it with a more reliable one.

Antenna Mounting Safety Precautions

Before installing or adjusting an already mounted antenna at a height, make sure that this action is safe:

do not climb onto weakly fixed and shaky structures, if high-altitude work is associated with danger, be sure to put on a mounting belt and attach it to a fixed part of the building structure;
it is not allowed to hold the end of the assistant without first securing it, if the assistant falls, he will not hold the weight of the body in his hands;
it is forbidden to climb to a height alone, when the structures are iced, to walk on the old roof, to step on the connecting seams;
Do not install the antenna in rain and fog.

In conclusion, it should be said that it is quite simple to make your own receiving device in order to watch digital television. DVB-T2 - a do-it-yourself antenna - in terms of quality (if you follow the right technology) is almost as good as store-bought counterparts. The cost of materials will save a decent amount of money, which is important for some people.