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How to charge a lithium ion battery without a controller. Full Battery Charge Board Overview - Electronics - Reviews - Quality Reviews of goods from China

It will be about a very convenient fee with charge controller based on TP4056. The board additionally installed protection for Li-Ion 3.7V batteries.

Suitable for alterations of toys and household appliances with batteries on batteries.
This is a cheap and efficient mulgu (charging current up to 1a).

At least about the modules on the TP4056 chip already written a lot, add a little from myself.
Recently, I learned about the pro, which are just more expensive, in size slightly more, but additionally have an BMS module () to control and protect the battery from overlapping and recharging based on S-8205A and DW01, which turn off the battery when the voltage is exceeded on it .


Boards are designed to work with 18650 elements (mainly due to charging Tok. 1a), but with some rework (reparation of the resistor - reduction of the charging current) are suitable for any batteries by 3.7V.
The wiring of the board is convenient - there are contact pads under the soldering on the input, on the output and for the battery. It is possible to feed modules from Micro USB.. Charging status is displayed in the built-in LED.
Sizes are approximately 27 per 17 mm, the thickness is small, the most "thick" place is a microUSB connector


Specifications:
Type: Charger Module
INPUT VOLTAGE: 5V RECOMMENDED
CHARGE CUT-OFF Voltage: 4.2V (±) 1%
Maximum CHARGING CURRENT: 1000MA
Battery Over-Discharge Protection Voltage: 2.5V
Battery Over-Current Protection Current: 3A
Board Size: Approx. 27 * 17mm.
Status LED: Red: Charging; Green: Complete Charging
Package WEIGHT: 9G

According to the link in the header, a lot of five pieces is sold, that is, the price of one board is about $ 0.6. This is a little more expensive than one charge charge on TP4056, but without protection - these are sold packages for one and a half dollar. But for normal operation you need to buy separate BMS.

Briefly about adjustment of the charging current for TP4056

TP4056 + Circuit Controller Module + Battery Protection
Protection from recharging, recharge, triple protection against overload and short circuit.
Maximum charging current: 1 A
Maximum permanent discharge current: 1 A (peak 1.5a)
Charging voltage limit: 4.275 V ± 0. 025 B.
Restriction (cut-off) of discharge: 2.75 V ± 0. 1 B.
Battery Protection, Chip: DW01.
B + connects with a positive battery contact
B- connects with a negative battery contact
P- connects to the negative contact of the load connection point and charging.

The board contains R3 (marking 122 - 1.2kom), to select the desired charging current of the element, select the resistor according to the table and overpass.


Just in case, the typical TP4056 inclusion from the specification.



The TP4056 + BMS modules' lot is not taken for the first time, it turned out very convenient for trouble-free alterations of household appliances and toys on batteries.

The dimensions of the modules are small, in width just less than two AA batteries, flat - remarkably suitable with the installation of old batteries from cell phones.


For charging, a standard 5V source is used to charge, the input is microusb. If the boards are used as a cascade - you can turn to the first to the parallel, the photo shows the contacts of minus and plus on the sides of the microUSB connector.


There is nothing on the reverse side - it can help when attaching glue or tape.


MICROUSB connectors are used to power. Old boards on the TP4056 met miniusb.
You can find boards together in the input and only one to connect to USB - in this way you can charge 18650 cascades, for example, for screwdrivers.


Outputs - extreme contact pads for connecting the load (OUT +/-), in the middle of Bat +/- to connect the battery cell.


The board is small and comfortable. Unlike simply modules on the TP4056 - there is a battery cell protection.
To connect the cascade, you need to connect the outputs under the load (OUT +/-) sequentially, and the inputs for power in parallel.


The module is ideal for installation in various household appliances and toys that provide for power from 2-3-4-5 AA or AAA elements. This is first, brings some savings, especially with a frequent replacement of batteries (in toys), and, secondly, convenience and versatility. You can use elements from old batteries from laptops, cell phones, disposable electronic cigarettes to power, and so on. In case there are three elements, four, six, and so on, you need to use STEPUP module to increase voltage from 3.7V to 4.5V / 6.0V, etc. Depending on the load, of course. Also convenient for two cells of batteries (2s, two boards sequentially, 7.4V) with Stepdown board. As a rule, Stepdown is adjusted, and you can adjust any voltage within the supply voltage. This is an extra volume to accommodate instead of AA / AAA batteries, but then you can not worry about the electronics toys.


Specifically, one of the boards was intended for the old Ikean mixer. It was very often necessary to replace the batteries in it, and on the batteries he worked badly (in NiMH 1.2V instead of 1.5V). Motor will still, whether to feed it 3V or 3.7V, so I cost without Stepdown. Even lightly cool began to twist.


The battery 08570 from the electronic cigarette is almost the perfect option for any alterations (a container of about 280mach, and the price is free of charge).


But in this case is somewhat long. The length of the AA batteries is 50 mm, and this battery is 57 mm, not enlisted. Of course, you can make an "superstructure", for example, from plastic polymorph, but ...
As a result, he took a small model battery with the same capacity. It is very desirable to reduce the charging current (up to 250 ... 300 mA) by increasing the R3 resistor on the board. It is possible to warm up, beaten one end, and solder any available on 2-3 com.

Left led a picture on the old module. On a new module, the placement of components is different, but all the same elements are present.


We connect the battery (solder) in the terminals in the middle of Bat +/-, we disappear the contacts of the motor from the plates-contactor for AA batteries (we remove them at all), we solder the load-motor to the output of the board (OUT +/-).
In the lid, the dremel can cut the hole under USB.


I made a new lid - the old one completely thrown out. The newly thought out the grooves for placing the board and the hole under the microUSB.


Gifka Mixer operation from the battery - turns cheerfully. The capacity of 280mach is enough for several minutes of work, it is necessary to charge in 3-6 days, depending on how often it is used (I rarely use it, it is possible to plant at once if you get carried away.). Due to the reduction of the charging current charges for a long time, just about an hour. But any charging from the smartphone.


If you use stepdown controller for p / y machine, it is better to take two 18650 and two boards and connect them successively (and inputs for charging - in parallel), as in the picture. Where the total OUT is set to any lowering module and adjusts to the desired voltage (for example, 4.5V / 6.0V) in this case, the machine will not go slowly when the batteries are "smolden". In the case of discharge, the module will simply turn off sharply.

The module on TP4056 with built-in BMS protection is very practical and universal.
The module is designed for Charging Current 1A.
If you connect a cascade - consider the total current when charging, for example, 4 cascades for the nutrition of the screwdriver "will ask" 4A to charge, and this is s / y cell phone will not stand.
The module is convenient for the alteration of toys - machines on radio control, robots, various lamps, consoles ... - All possible toys and techniques where you have to change the batteries.

Update: If minus through, then everything is more difficult with the panlylivnia.
See comments.

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Progress is going forward, and a lithium battery accumulators are increasingly used to change the NiCD (nickel-cadmium) and NIMH (nickel-metal hydride).
With comparable weight of one element, lithium has a large capacity, in addition, the element voltage is three times higher than - 3.6 V per item, instead of 1,2 V.
The cost of lithium batteries began to approach the usual alkaline batteries, weight and size is much smaller, and besides, they can and need to be charged. The manufacturer says 300-600 cycles withstand.
The dimensions are different and it is not necessary to find it difficult.
Self discharge is so low that they lie and remain charged, i.e. The device remains working when it is necessary.

"C" means Capacity

It is often found notation of the type "XC". It is simply convenient notation of the charge current or battery discharge with the fraction of its capacity. Educated from the English word "Capacity" (capacity, capacitance).
When they talk about charging 2C, or 0.1C, usually mean that the current must be (2 × battery capacity) / H or (0.1 × battery capacity) / H, respectively.
For example, a battery with a capacity of 720 mAh, for which the charge current is 0.5C, it is necessary to charge 0.5 × 720mAh / H \u003d 360 mA current, this also applies to the category.

And you can make a simple or not very simple charger, depending on your experience and opportunities.

Scheme of a simple charger on LM317


Fig. five.


The application scheme provides a fairly accurate stabilization of the voltage, which is set by the R2 potentiometer.
Stabilization of the current is not so critical as stabilization of the voltage, therefore it is sufficient to stabilize the current with the help of the shunt resistor Rx and NPN-transistor (VT1).

The required charging current for a specific lithium-ion (Li-Ion) and lithium-polymer (Li-POL) battery is selected by changing the resistance of the RX.
RX resistance approximately corresponds to the following relation: 0.95 / IMAX.
The RX resistor value indicated in the diagram corresponds to the current of 200 mA, this approximate value depends also on the transistor.

It is necessary to provide a radiator depending on the charge current and input voltage.
The input voltage should be higher than the battery voltage at least 3 volts for normal operation of the stabilizer, which is for one bank? 7-9 V.

Scheme of a simple charger on LTC4054


Fig. 6.


You can drop the charge controller LTC4054 from the old cell phone, for example, Samsung (C100, C110, X100, E700, E800, E820, P100, P510).


Fig. 7. This small 5-foot chip marking "LTH7" or "Ltady"

I will not go into the smallest details of the work with the microcham, everything is in the datashet. I will describe only the most necessary features.
Charge current up to 800 mA.
Optimal supply voltage from 4.3 to 6 volts.
Charge indication.
Protection against KZ at the output.
Overheating protection (reduction of charge current at a temperature greater than 120 °).
Does not charge the battery at a voltage below 2.9 V.

The charge current is set by the resistor between the fifth conclusion of the chip and the earth by the formula

I \u003d 1000 / R,
where I is the charge current in amperes, R is the resistance of the resistor in Omah.

Lithium battery discharge indicator

Here simple schemewhich lights the LED when the battery is discharged and its residual tension is close to critical.


Fig. eight.


Transistors any low-power. The ignition voltage of the LED is selected by a divider from R2 and R3 resistors. The scheme is better to connect after the protection block, so that the LED has not discharged the battery at all.

Nuance durability

The manufacturer usually states 300 cycles, but if you charge lithium only 0.1 volts, up to 4.10 V, the number of cycles increases to 600 and even more.

Operation and precautions

It is safe to say that the lithium polymer batteries are the most "gentle" batteries from existing, that is, they require mandatory compliance with several simple, but mandatory rules, due to non-compliance with the trouble.
1. The charge is not promoted to a voltage exceeding 4.20 volts to the jar.
2. Does not leave short circuit battery.
3. The current discharges exceeding the load capacity or the heating battery above 60 ° C are not leaving. 4. The discharge is harmless below the voltage of 3.00 volts per can.
5. Battery heating is harmful above 60 ° C. 6. It is harmful to depressurize the battery.
7. It is harmful to storage in the discharged state.

Failure to comply with the first three items leads to a fire, the rest - to the full or partial loss of the container.

From the practice of many years of use, I can say that the capacity of the batteries changes little, but the internal resistance increases and the battery starts working less in time at high consumption currents - it seems that the container fell.
Under this, I usually put a tank more, which dimensions of the device allow, and even old banks that are ten years old, they work quite well.

For not very large currents, old batteries from cellular are suitable.


From the old laptop battery, you can pull out a lot of 18650 format batteries.

Where i apply lithium batteries

For a long time redid the screwdriver and the electrical turnover on lithium. I use these tools irregularly. Now even after a year of non-use, they work without recharging!

Small batteries put in children's toys, clock, etc., where there were 2-3 "tablet" elements from the factory. Where you need exactly 3V, add one diode sequentially and it turns out just.

I put in LED lanterns.

In the tester, instead of expensive and low-speed "Crown 9V" installed 2 banks and forgot all problems and extra costs.

In general, I put everywhere where it turns out, instead of the batteries.

Where I buy lithium and utility on the topic

Sold. Under the same link, you will find the charging modules, etc. utility utility facilities.

At the expense of the Capacity, the Chinese usually lie and it is less written.


Honest Sanyo 18650.

If you board any battery from a cell phone, you can find that a small package of the battery cell conclusions printed circuit board. This is the so-called protection scheme, or Protection IC..

Because of its characteristics, lithium batteries require constant control. Let's figure out in more detail how the protection scheme is arranged, and from which items it consists.

Private Charge Controller Scheme lithium battery represents small feeon which mounted electronic circuit from SMD components. The diagram of the controller 1 cells ("banks") by 3.7V, as a rule, consists of two microcircuits. One microcircuit managing, and the other executive is the assembly of two MOSFET transistors.

The photo shows the charge controller board from the battery by 3.7V.

The chip with the Marking DW01-P in a small case is essentially the "brain" of the controller. Here is a typical scheme for including this chip. On the G1 diagram is a cell of a lithium-ion or polymer battery. Fet1, Fet2 is MOSFET transistors.

Cabinet, appearance and the purpose of the conclusions of the DW01-P chip.

MOSFET transistors are not part of the DW01-P chip and are made in the form of a separate assembly chip from 2 MOSFET N-type transistors. The assembly with marking 8205 is usually used, and the body can be both 6-out (SOT-23-6) and 8-out (TSSOP-8). The assembly can be played as TXY8205A, SSF8205, S8205A, etc. You can also meet the assembly with marking 8814 and similar.

Here is the base and the composition of the S8205A microcircuit in the TSSOP-8 case.

Two field transistors are used in order to separately control the discharge and charge of the battery cell. For convenience, they are made in one case.

That transistor (fet1), which is connected to the output OD ( Overdischarge.) DW01-P chips, controls the battery discharge - connects / disables the load. And that (fet2), which is connected to the output OC ( Overcharge.) - connects / disables the power supply (charger). Thus, opening or closing the corresponding transistor, you can, for example, disconnect the load (consumer) or stop charging the battery cell.

Let's figure out in the logic of the operation of the control chip and the entire protection scheme.

Overcharge Protection (Overcharge Protection).

As you know, a lithium battery recharge over 4.2 - 4.3V is fraught with overheating and even an explosion.

If the voltage on the cell reaches 4.2 - 4.3V ( Overcharge Protection Voltage.V OCP.), the control microcircuit closes the FET2 transistor, thereby preventing the accumulation of the battery. The battery will be disconnected from the power source until the voltage on the element decreases below 4 - 4.1V ( Overcharge Release Voltage.V Ocr) Because of the self-discharge. This is only if the load is not connected to the battery, for example, it is removed from the cell phone.

If the battery is connected to the load, the Fet2 transistor opens again when the voltage on the cell falls below 4.2V.

Overdischarge Protection (OverDischarge Protection).

If the battery voltage drops below 2.3 - 2.5V ( Overdischarge Protection Voltage.V ODP.), then the controller turns off the FET1 discharge transistor - it is connected to the DO output.

There is very very interesting condition . While the voltage on the battery cell does not exceed 2.9 - 3.1V ( Overdischarge Release Voltage.V odr.) The load will be completely disabled. The controller terminals will be 0V. Those who are not familiar with the logic of the work of the protective scheme can take such a state of the "death" of the battery. Here is just a small example.

Miniature Li-Polymer Battery 3.7V from MP3 Player. Composition: controller controller - G2NK (series S-8261.), assembling field transistors - Kc3j1.

The battery was discharged below 2.5V. Control circuit disabled it from the load. At the output of the 0V controller.

At the same time, if you measure the voltage on the battery cell, then after turning off the load, it has grown slightly and reached 2.7V.

So that the controller again connected the battery to the "external world", that is, to the load, the voltage on the battery cell must be 2.9 - 3.1V ( V odr.).

There is a very reasonable question.

According to the scheme, it can be seen that the FET1 transistors (DRAIN) conveyors are connected together and are not connected anywhere. How does the current flow on such a chain when protection is triggered? How do we again recharge the "bank" of the battery so that the controller is again turned on the discharge transistor - fet1?

If you rose in datasheets on the Li-Ion / Polymer protection chip (including DW01-P., G2NK.), then you can find out that after the protection against deep discharge, the charge detection scheme is valid - Charger Detection.. That is, when connected charger The scheme will determine that the charger is connected and allow the charge process.

Charging to a level of 3.1V after a deep discharge of a lithium cell may take a very long time - several hours.

To restore a lithium-ion / polymer battery, you can use special devices, such as the Universal Turnigy AccuCell Charger 6. How to do this, I already told here.

It was this method that I managed to recover Li-Polymer 3.7V battery from an MP3 player. Charging from 2.7V to 4.2V took 554 minutes and 52 seconds, and this more than 9 hours ! So much can last "restorative" charging.

Among other things, the functionality of the protection of lithium acmulators protection includes protection against current overload ( Overcurrent Protection.) and short circuit. Protection against current overload is triggered in the event of a sharp voltage drop on a certain amount. After that, the microcircuit limits the load current. With a short circuit (shortcut) in the load, the controller completely turns off it until the closure is eliminated.

Lithium-ion battery controller circuit
The diagram of the controller of the lithium-ion battery Device and the principle of operation of the protective controller Li-ion / Polymer battery If you set any battery from a cell phone, you can


Probably, most radio amateurs have, over the years, the box is started in which "for later" lithium batteries From the untimely departed (drowned, fallen from the balcony, born with a friend) mobile phones and cameras. Lying in the box and wait for your o'clock .. And the hour does not come. The reason is simple - to use battery In the same flashlight you need to do charging controller, And for some reason, charging chips for some reason did not bring .. Yes, the problem.

And what to do a poor radio amateur? Everything is very simple - you can do the "foot feed" using what is hidden from the middle eye. Namely, the protection fee that is carefully hidden inside each lithium-ionic or lithium-polymer battery . Without it do not allow to apply batteries in household appliances due to the exceptional activity of lithium. If disassemble battery OT mobile phone We will find inside such a simple device:

That's what it is battery protection board. On this board there is a chip of the two-level comparator and field-effect transistor. When the voltage is reduced battery. Below 3V or lifting above 4,25v This comparator turns off the transistor and isolates battery From the outside world, thereby protecting against damage.

I had a birthday idea to try to use these protection board properties to control the process charging a telephone battery from standard USB ports Computer (which as a bonus has a current limiter for 500mA). So we get the soup from the ax. Accurate charging "From nothing." It remains in some way to display the user the flow (and completion) of the process charge. Below is given scheme This node.

It works very simple. When connecting K. USB portw. There is a start charging and lights up light-emitting diode. The charge current is limited by the computer and resistors on the board. Upon reaching the voltage on battery. 4.25V The protection fee comparator and breaks the charge chain. The LED will go out. In the first charging version, I used the button to start the charging process. But it turned out enough capacitor for 100 Nov. for the initial opening field Transistor. The scheme is very simple and starts to work without adjustment.
Card file can be downloaded in the section "File Catalog"

If you have some questions or ideas for improving it when reducing this design write me online form Your considerations about this.

How to charge lithium ion battery Without controller
How to charge a lithium ion battery without a controller probably, most radio amusements, over the years there is a box, in which "for later" lithium batteries from


If you are interested in how to charge a lithium ion battery, then you hit the address.

Modern mobile devices require an autonomous power source.

Moreover, it is fair both for "high technologies" like smartphones and laptops, and for simpler devices, say, extension or multimeters.

There are many types of diverse batteries. But Li-Ion is most often used for laptop technology.

The relative simplicity of production and low cost has led to such widespread.

Interested in this and excellent performance, plus a low self-discharge and a large supply of charging cycles.

Important! For more convenience, most of these batteries are supplied with a special controlling device that does not charge the critical marks.

When critical discharge, this scheme simply ceases to feed the voltage to the device, and during exceeding permissible level Charge turns off the incoming current.

At the same time, after reaching the nominal 100%, the charging should last another one and a half or two hours.

This is necessary because in fact the battery will be charged by 70-80%.

When charging from a laptop or stationary computer It must be borne in mind that the USB port is unable to provide sufficient high voltageTherefore, the process takes more time.

The alternation of the cycles of complete and incomplete (80-90%) charging will extend the use of the device.

Despite such smart architecture and general unpretentiousness, compliance with some battery usage rules will help extend their use.

In order for the battery device does not "suffer from" enough to adhere to simple recommendations.

Rule 1. Do not fully discharge the battery

Lithium-ion batteries in modern designs there is no "memory effect". Therefore, it is better to charge them before the moment of complete discharge will come.

Some manufacturers refuse the service life of their batteries precisely the number of charging cycles from zero.

The most high-quality products are capable of transferring up to 600 such cycles. When charging the battery with a 10-20% residue, the number of cycles increases to 1700.

Rule 2. Full discharge still needs to be taken every three months.

With unstable and irregular charging, the average maximum and minimum charges in the previously mentioned controller are knocked down.

This leads to the fact that the device receives incorrect information about the number of charge.

Preventing it will help preventive discharge. With a complete battery discharge, the minimum charge value in the control circuit (controller) will be reset.

After that, it is necessary to charge the "string" battery, hold out from eight to twelve hours in the state connected to the network.

This will update maximum value. After such a cycle, the battery work will be more stable.

Rule 3. Unused battery must be stored with a small amount of charge

Before storage, it is better for the accumulator of 30-50% and stored at a temperature of 15 0 C. In such conditions, the battery can be stored for quite a long time without much damage.

A fully charged battery in the storage process will lose an essential part of the tank.

And fully discharged after a long storage will remain only to be recycled.

Rule 4. Charging must be performed only by original devices.

It is noteworthy that the charger directly is built into the design mobile device (phone, tablet, etc.).

The external adapter in this case acts as a rectifier and voltage stabilizer.

The use of third-party charging can negatively affect their condition.

Rule 5. Overheating is destroyed for Li-Ion batteries

High temperatures are extremely negatively reflected on the design of batteries. Low are also destructive, but to a much lesser extent.

This must be remembered when operating lithium-ion batteries.

The battery needs to be protected from direct sunlight and use at a distance from heat sources.

The permissible temperature range is between -40 0 s and +50 0 C.

Rule 6. Charging batteries with the help of a "frog"

The use of non-certified chargers is unsafe. In particular, the common "frogs" of Chinese production is often ignited in the process of charging.

Before using a similar universal charger, it will be necessary with the maximum values \u200b\u200bspecified on the package.

So, attention must be paid to the maximum container.

If the restriction is less than the battery capacity, then at best it does not fully charge.

When connecting the battery on the frog housing, the corresponding indicator should be lit.

If this does not happen, it means that the charge is critically low or the battery has failed.

When connecting the charger, the connection indicator should light up.

For achieving the maximum charge, another diode is answered, which is activated in appropriate conditions.

Tips for using Li-Ion batteries

How to charge and maintain a lithium ion battery: 6 simple rules

How to charge and maintain a lithium ion battery: 6 simple rules
How to charge and serve a lithium ion battery: 6 simple rules if you are interested in how to charge a lithium ion battery, then you hit the address. Modern mobile devices

Lithium battery (Li-Io, Li-Po) are the most popular currently rechargeable sources of electrical energy. Lithium battery has rated voltage 3.7 volts, it is it indicated on the housing. However, a charged 100% battery has a voltage of 4.2 V, and the discharged "in zero" - 2.5 B, there is no point in discharge the battery below 3 V, first, it will deteriorate from this, secondly, in the interval from 3 to 2.5 In the battery gives just a couple of percent of energy. Thus, the working voltage range is accepted 3 - 4.2 volts. My selection of lithium batteries, you can see this selection and storage of lithium batteries.

There are two options for connecting batteries, consistent and parallel.

With a serial connection, a voltage on all batteries is summed up, when the load is connected from each battery, a current equal to a total current in the circuit is in general the load resistance sets the discharge current. This you must remember from school. Now the most interesting, container. The assembly capacity with such a connection for a good equal to the battery capacity with the smallest container. Imagine that all batteries are charged 100%. See, the discharge current here is the same everywhere, and the first battery with the smallest capacity is first, it is at least logical. And as soon as it is discharged, it will be impossible to load this assembly. Yes, the remaining batteries are still charged. But if we continue to pull the current, then our weak battery will begin to be redesigned, and fails. That is, it is correct to assume that the tank of the connected assembly is equal to the tank of the very tight, or the most discharged battery. From here we conclude: it is necessary to collect a sequential battery at first of the same batteries on the capacity, and secondly, before assembly, they should all be charged the same, simply speaking by 100%. There is such a thing, called BMS (Battery Monitoring System), it can monitor each battery in the battery, and as soon as one of them is discharged, it turns off the entire battery from the load, this will be discussed below. Now it concerns charging such a battery. It is necessary to charge it with a voltage equal to the sum of maximum voltages on all batteries. For lithium it is 4.2 volts. That is, the battery of three is charged with a voltage of 12.6 V. See what happens if the batteries are not the same. The battery with the smallest capacity will be charged faster. But the rest are still not charged. And our poor battery will be fried and recharge until the rest are charged. Referee, I remind you, lithium also does not like very much and flies. To avoid this, remember the previous conclusion.

Let us turn to the parallel connection. The capacity of such a battery is equal to the sum of the containers of all batteries in it incoming. The discharge current for each cell is equal to the total current of the load shared by the number of cells. That is, the more Akumov in such an assembly, the greater the current it can give. But with a voltage there is an interesting thing. If we collect batteries that have different voltages, that is, roughly speaking charged to a different percentage, then after the connection they will begin to exchange energy until the voltage on all cells becomes the same. We conclude: Before assembling akuma, again, they must be charged the same, otherwise there will be big currents when the connection will be departed, and the discharged Akum will be spoiled, and most likely can even light up. In the process of discharge, the batteries also exchange energy, that is, if one of the cans has a lower capacity, the rest will not be able to discharge them faster themselves, that is, in a parallel assembly, you can use batteries with a different container. The only exception is to work at high currents. On different batteries under load, the voltage is in different ways, and there will begin to run current between the "strong" and "weak" akum, and we do not need it at all. And the same applies to charging. You can absolutely calmly charge different batteries in parallels, that is, the balancing is not needed, the assembly will balance itself.

In both cases considered, the charging current and discharge current must be observed. Charging current for Li-IO should not exceed half the battery capacity in amperes (1000 Mah battery - charge 0.5 A, 2 AH battery, charge 1 A). The maximum discharge current is usually specified in the datashet (TTX) battery. For example: laptop 18650 and batteries from smartphones can not be shipped with current exceeding 2 battery capacity in amperes (example: AKUM at 2500 mAh, it means that the maximum you need to take 2.5 * 2 \u003d 5 amps). But there are high-strength batteries, where the discharge current is explicitly specified in the characteristics.

Features of charging batteries by Chinese modules

Standard purchased charging and protective module for 20 rubles for lithium battery ( link to Aliexpress.)
(Positioned by the Seller as a module for one bank 18650) maybe it will charge any lithium battery, regardless of the form, size and container Prior to the correct voltage of 4.2 volts (voltage of a fully charged battery, under the string). Even if it is a huge lithium package for 8000mAh (of course it is about one cell by 3.6-3.7V). The module gives a charging current of 1 ampThis means that they can be charged without fears to charge any battery with a capacity of 2000mAh and higher (2Ah, which means the charging current - half the tank, 1a) and, accordingly, charging time in the clock will be equal to the battery capacity in amps (actually a little more, one and a half or two hour for every 1000mAh). By the way the battery can be connected to the load during the charge.

Important! If you want to charge a smaller capacity battery (for example, one old jar at a 900mAh or a tiny lithium bag at 230mAh), then the charging current 1a is a lot, it should be reduced. This is done by replacing the R3 resistor on the module according to the applied table. The resistor is optional to SMD, the most common one will suit. I remind you that the charging current should be half of the battery capacity (or less, not scary).

But if the seller says that this module for one bank is 18650, can they charge two banks? Or three? What if you need to assemble the capacious PowerBank from several batteries?
CAN! All lithium batteries can be connected in parallel (all the advantages to the advantages, all cons by cons) regardless of the tank. Speeded parallel batteries retain the operating voltage of 4.2V and their container is developing. Even if you take one jar at 3400mAh and the second to 900 - it turns out 4300. Batteries will work as one whole and discharge will be proportional to its container.
The voltage in the parallel assembly is always the same on all batteries! And no battery can physically be discharged in the assembly before others, the principle of reporting vessels works here. Those who claim the opposite and say that the batteries with a smaller capacity are discharged faster and die - confused with a consistent assembly, spit them into the face.
Important! Before connecting to each other, all batteries must have about the same voltage, so that equation currents are not flowed between them, they can be very large. Therefore, it is best before assembling simply charge each battery separately. Of course, the time for charging the entire assembly will increase, since you use the same module on 1a. But you can spararal the two modules by receiving the charging current to 2a (if your charger can give so much). To do this, it is necessary to connect with jumpers all similar terminals of the modules (except Out- and B +, they are duplicated on cards by other fives, and so will be connected). Or you can buy a module ( link to Aliexpress.), where chips are already in parallel. This module is able to charge a current of 3 amps.

Sorry for completely obvious things, but people are still confused, so you have to discuss the difference between the parallel and consistent compound.
Parallel Compound (all the advantages to the pros, all cons by cons) retains 4.2 volt battery voltage, but increases the container, folding all the containers together. In all Power Banks applied parallel connection Multiple batteries. Such an assembly can still be charged from a USB and the voltage increases up to the output 5V.
Consistent The compound (each plus to minus the subsequent battery) gives a multiple increase in the voltage of one charged bank 4.2V (2S - 8.4V, 3S - 12,6V and so on), but the container remains the same. If three batteries are used for 2000mAh, the assembly capacity is 2000mAh.
Important! It is believed that for consistent assembly, it is necessary to use only the batteries of the same container. In fact, it is not. You can use different, but then the battery capacity will be determined by the smallest tank in the assembly. Fold 3000 + 3000 + 800 - get an assembly to 800mAh. Then the specialists begin to sway that the less capacious battery will be quickly discharged and die. And it does not matter! The main and truly sacred rule - for consistent assembly always and necessarily you need to use the BMS protection fee for the desired number of cans. It will determine the voltage on each cell and turn off the entire assembly if some kind of discharge is first. In the case of a bank for 800, it will also be discharged, bms will turn off the load from the battery, the discharge will stop and the residual charge of 2200mAh on the rest of the banks will not be valid - it is necessary to charge.

The BMS fee in contrast to the single charging module is not a sequential assembly charger. For charging need configured source of the desired voltage and current. About this gamever shot a video, so do not waste time, look at it, there is much thoroughly about it.

Is it possible to charge a consistent assembly by connecting multiple single charging modules?
In fact, with some assumptions - it is possible. For some homemakes, a scheme has proven to use single modules connected also in series, but for each module, a separate power supply is needed. If you charge 3s - take three telephone charging and connect each one to one module. When using one source - nutrition short circuit, nothing works. Such a system also works and how the assembly protection (but the moduli is able to give no more than 3 amps) or simply charge the assembly shipping, connecting the module to each battery to a complete charge.

Accumulator charge indicator

Also a pressing problem - at least approximately know how many percent of the charge remains on the battery so that it does not discharge in the most responsible moment.
For parallel assemblies by 4.2 volts, the most obvious solution will immediately purchase a ready-made PowerBank fee, which already has a display that displays the charge percentage. These percentages are not super-accurate, but still help. The issue price is approximately 150-200rub, all are presented on the website of the Gaiver. Even if you are collecting not Powerbank and something else, this fee is quite cheap and small to place it in the homemade. Plus it already has a battery protection and protection function.
There are ready-made miniature indicators on one or more cans, 90-100r
Well, the cheapest and folk method is to use the MT3608 increasing converter (30 rubles), configured by 5-5.1V. Actually, if you make Powerbank on any 5 volt transmitter, then you don't even need to buy anything. The revision is to install a red or green LED (other colors will operate on another output voltage, from 6V and above) through a current-limiting resistor 200-500 between the output plus terminal (it will be plus) and the input plus (for the LED it will turn out to be minus). You are not mistaken, between two pluses! The fact is that during the operation of the converter between the advantages, the difference of voltage is created, +4.2 and + 5V, the voltage is 0.8V. When the battery discharge, its voltage will fall, and the output from the converter is always stable, then the difference will increase. And at a voltage on a bank, 3.2-3,26VI, the difference will reach the necessary value to light the LED - it begins to show that it is time to charge.

How to measure the capacity of batteries?

We are already accustomed to the belief that Iamaks B6 needs for measurement, and it costs money and for most radio amateurs is excessive. But there is a way to measure the capacity of 1-2-3bachal batteries with sufficient accuracy and cheaply - a simple USB tester.

A lot of ten pieces was bought for alteration of some kind of devices on Li-Ion batteries ( now they use 3AA batteries), but in the review I will show another option to apply this board, which, although it does not use all its capabilities. It's just that only six of these ten pieces will only be needed, and buying a piece of 6 with protection and a pair without protection is less profitable.

Based on the TP4056 charge board with protection for Li-Ion batteries with current to 1a is designed for full charge and battery protection ( for example, popular 18650) With the possibility of connecting the load. Those. This fee can easily be built into various devices, such as lanterns, lamps, radio receivers, etc., with power from a built-in lithium battery, and charge it without removing any USB charging from the device through the microUSB connector. This board is perfect for repairing burnt li-ion batteries.

And so, a bunch of boards, each in an individual sachet ( here already certainly less than bought)

Looks like a scarker like this:

You can consider closer items

On the left microUSB power input, the power is also duplicated by platforms + and - under the soldering.

In the center of the charge controller, TPower TP4056, over it a pair of LEDs displaying either the charge process (red) or the end of charge (blue), under it resistor R3, changing the denomination of which you can change the battery charge current. TP4056 charges the accumulators according to the CC / CV algorithm and automatically completes the charging process if the charge current decreases to 1/10 from the installed.

Nameplate of resistance and charging currents, according to the controller specification.


  • R (com) - I (MA)

  • 1.2 - 1000

  • 1.33 - 900

  • 1.5 - 780

  • 1.66 - 690

  • 2 - 580

  • 3 - 400

  • 4 - 300

  • 5 - 250

  • 10 - 130

the right is worth the battery protection chip (DW01A), with the required strapping ( electronic key FS8205A 25m with current to 4a), and on the right edge there are areas B + and B- ( be careful, payment is possible not protected from cakes) To connect the battery and OUT + OUT- to connect the load.

From the reverse side of the board there is nothing, so it can be, for example, glue.

And now the option of applying charge charges and protection Li-Ion batteries.

Nowadays, Li-Ion batteries with voltage of 3.7V, i.e., are used in almost all amateur format video cameras. 1s. Here is one of the additionally purchased batteries for my camcorder.


I have several of them, production ( or labeling) DSTE model VW-VBK360 with a capacity of 4500mach ( not counting the original, at 1790mach)

Why do I need so much? Yes, of course, my camera is charged from BP with 5V 2A ratings, and buying a separate USB plug and a suitable connector, I can now charge it and from plundays ( and this is one of the reasons why I need, and not only me, they are so much), But just to shoot on the camera, to which the wire also stretches - uncomfortable. So you need to somehow charge the batteries outside the camera.

I already showed this charge

Yes, yes, it is she, with a rotating fork of the American standard

That's how it is easily divided

And so, the charge charge and protection of lithium batteries is implanted in her

And of course, I brought a pair of LEDs, red - the charge process, green - the end of the battery charge

The second board was installed in the same way, in charge from the Sony camcorder. Yes, of course, the new models of the Sony video cameras are charged from USB, they even have a non-disconnecting USB tail ( stupid in my opinion solution). But again, in the field, to shoot on the camera, to which the cable from the panibank is stretched less convenient than without it. Yes, and the cable should be long enough, and the longer the cable, the greater its resistance and the more loss on it, and to reduce the cable resistance increasing the thickness of the core, the cable becomes thicker and less flexible, which does not add convenience.

So, from such charges and protecting Li-Ion batteries, you can easily make a simple battery charger with your own hands, to remake the charger to power from USB, for example, to charge batteries from worrying, make repair charger if necessary.

All written in this review can be seen in the video version: