10 peripheral devices. Peripheral equipment IT.

The main purpose of the PU is to admit programs to the PC from the environment and data for processing, as well as the issuance of the results of the PC in the form suitable for human perception or for transmission to another computer, or in another necessary form. Peripheral devices can be divided into several groups of functional purposes:

I / O devices are designed to enter information in a PC, output in the format necessary for the operator or exchange information with other PCs. Such type PU can include external drives (tape, magneto-optical), modems.

Output devices - are designed to display information in the format required for the operator. This type of peripheral devices includes: printer, monitor (display), audio system.

Input devices - input devices are devices by which you can enter information into a computer. The main purpose of their purpose is to implement the impact on the car. This type of peripheral devices include: Keyboard (included in the basic configuration of the PC), scanner, graphic tablet, etc.

Additional PU - such as the "Mouse" manipulator, which only provides convenient management of the PC operating system, and does not carry the bright input functions or the output of the information; Web cameras, promoting video and audio information on the Internet, or between other PCs.

Chapter 2. Peripheral Information Input Devices

2.1 External drives

Ribbon (magnetic) drives - streamers. Thanks to a sufficiently large volume and fairly high reliability, most often used in the framework of devices. reserve copy data in enterprises and large companies (store backup copies of databases and other important information). On the ribbon drive is not just saved backup copy data, but also creates a data drive. This allows the user to restore a specific state or use this image as a reference data bank, for example, when the data has been changed. Record principle by magnetic media Based on changing the magnetization of individual sections of the magnetic layer of carrier. Recording is carried out using a magnetic head that creates a magnetic field. When reading information, the magnetized areas create weak currents in the magnetic head, which turn into binary codecorresponding to the recorded.

Magneto optical drives - cD-ROM drives, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD-R, DVD-RW. Also can be used as backup devices, but, unlike streamers, have a much smaller data capacity (CD-R, CD-RW up to 700 MB data, DVD-R, DVD-RW up to 4.7 GB data). Information on CD-R magneto-optical drives, seems to alternate recesses and peaks. This relief is created in production mechanically. Information is applied along thin tracks. Reading occurs by scanning the tracks with a laser beam, which differs differently from recesses and peaks. On disks that allow multiple overwriting, a magneto-optical principle is used, which is based on a physical property: the reflection coefficient of the laser beam from differently magnetized areas of the disk with a specially applied magnetic coating is different.

2.2 Flash Cards

It cost computers to learn how to process data arrays, a problem appeared, where and how to store and transfer this data. Solutions found a lot - from paper perflocarts to magnetic tapes and disks. Each technologies had many of their advantages and, as it can be found even more minuses. We all tend to laziness, we are looking for the most pleasant and comfortable conditions, and are not ready to go for victims, if this does not require a fashion. And therefore, as soon as the personal computer lost the status of a prestigious and expensive toy, users all in a more demanding form began to hint to manufacturers on the inconvenience of circulation. Today, the subject of our conversation is a replaceable memory. To this type of memory, users make several modest requirements:

Non-volatility - i.e. Do not need batteries, the unexpected discharge of which will lead to loss of information.

Reliability is not to lose the data under the influence of thunderstorms, fall or when in a puddle.

Compact - in order not to reflect, and whether it is worth dragging all this with you.

Durable - In order not to run into the store every month for a new one, because The old one has served his term.

Universal - compatible with multiple devices in which data may be required.

2.3 modems

Currently, there are two types of modems: analog and digital (XDSL technology).

Analog modems are more popular due to their cheapness and are used mainly to exit the Internet, and only sometimes (due to the low (up to 56 kbps) data transfer rate) for communication with other PCs. Digital modems are quite expensive and used for high-speed Internet connections, or for organization local network At long distances (XDSL modems allow you to transfer and receive information at a speed of up to 5 Mbit / s at a distance of 5-7 km).

Modems have several types of connections from PC: COM, USB or (for digital modems) by means of a network card. The modem, the connection of which goes through the COM port, requires an additional source (block) of the power, and when connected using a USB port, the need for power supply disappears. XDSL modems also require an additional power source.

Chapter 3. Peripheral Information Output Devices.

Peripheral output devices are designed to display information in the format required for the operator. Among them are mandatory (included in the basic configuration of PCs) and optional devices.

3.1 Monitors

The monitor is the necessary device output device. The monitor (or display) allows you to display alphanumeric or graphic information at a user-friendly and control of the user. In accordance with this, there are two modes of operation: textual and graphic. In text mode, the screen is represented as rows and columns. In graphical format, the screen parameters are set by the number of points horizontally and the number of point strings vertically. The number of horizontal and vertical screen lines is called the resolution. The higher it is, the more information can be displayed on the unit area of \u200b\u200bthe screen.

Digital monitors. The easiest - monochrome monitor allows you to display only a black and white image. Digital RGB - Monitors (Red-Green-Blue) support and monochrome mode, and color (with 16 color shades).

Analog monitors. Analog signal transmission is performed as different voltage levels. This allows you to form a palette with shades of varying degrees of depth.

Multi-frequency monitors. Video card form synchronization signals that belong to the horizontal frequency of the rows and the vertical frequency of frame repetition. These values \u200b\u200bmonitor must recognize and switch to the appropriate mode.

The electrical monitor can be allocated: single-frequency monitors that perceive the signals of only one fixed frequency; Multiplass, which perceive several fixed frequencies; Multi-frequency, adjustable on arbitrary sync frequency values \u200b\u200bin some range.

Liquid crystal displays (LCD). Their appearance is associated with the struggle for the reduction of dimensions and weight of portable computers.

The main of the disadvantage is the impossibility of quick change pictures or fast movement of the mouse cursor, etc. Such screens need extra backlight or in external lighting. The advantages of these screens are to reduce the spectrum of harmful effects.

Gasplasma monitors. Do not have restrictions LCD - Screen. Their disadvantage is a great electricity consumption.

It is especially necessary to highlight the group of touch screens, as they allow not only to display data, but also enter them, that is, enter the I / O device class. This regard new technology Not received even widespread. Such screens provide the easiest and most short way to communicate with the computer: just indicate that you are interested in. The input device is fully integrated into the monitor. Used in information reference systems.

3.2 Printers

The printer is a widespread paper output device for paper, its name is formed from the English verb to print - to print. The printer is not included in the basic configuration of the PC. Exist different types Printers:

A typical printer works like an electrical printing machine. Advantages: Clear image of characters, the ability to change fonts when replacing typical Disc. Disadvantages: noise when printing, low print speed (30-40 sn / sec.), It is not possible to print a graphic image.

Matrix (needle) printers are the cheapest devices providing satisfactory print quality for broad Circle Routine operations (mainly to prepare text documents). Applied in savings kiss, in industrial conditions where roll-in printing is needed, printing on books and dense cards and other media from dense material. Advantages: acceptable print quality provided good painting tape, printing options "under the copy". Disadvantages: fairly low print speed, especially graphic images, a significant level of noise. Among the matic printers there are enough fast devices (so-called, Shattle printers).

Inkjet printers provide higher print quality. They are especially convenient for the output of color graphic images. The use of ink different color gives a relatively inexpensive image of an acceptable quality. The color model is called Syb (Cyan-Magenta-Yellow-Black) by the names of the main colors forming the palette.

Inkjet printers are significantly less noisy. Print speed depends on quality. Essentially effective when creating advertising prospectuses, calendars, greeting card. This type of printer occupies an intermediate accumulation between matrix and laser printers.

Laser printers - have even higher print quality approximate to photographic. They are much more expensive, but the speed of printing is 4-5 times higher than that of matrix and inkjet printers. The disadvantage of laser printers are pretty stringent requirements for paper quality - it must be tight enough and should not be loose, it is unacceptable to print on paper with a plastic coating, etc.

Particularly effective laser printers In the manufacture of original-layout books and brochures, business letters and materials requiring high Quality. They allow you to print graphics, drawings at high speed.

LED printers - Laser Alternative. The developer is OKI.

Thermal printers. Used to obtain color images of photographic quality. Require special paper. Such printers are suitable for business graphics. Printer on Micro Dry technology. These printers give full photomatural colors, have the highest resolution. This is a new competitive direction. Much cheaper of laser and inkjet printers. The developer is Citizen. Prints on any paper and cardboard. The printer works with a low noise level.

3.3 Plotters (grapheatteners).

This device is applied only in certain areas: drawings, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, etc. A wide application has found plotters in conjunction with automatic design systems, where the design or technological documentation is becoming part of the results of the program. The plotters and in the development of architectural projects are indispensable. The plotter drawing field corresponds to A0-A4 formats, although there are devices that work with a roll of non-limiting the length of the delayed drawing (it can have a length of several meters). That is, there are tablet and drum plotters.

Tablet plotters, mainly for A2-A3 formats, fix the sheet and apply a drawing using a writing node moving in two coordinates. They provide higher drawings and graphics print accuracy compared to drum.

Rolled (drum) plotter - remains actually the only developing type of plotter with roller feed feed and writing node moving along the same coordinate (Paper moves along the other coordinate).

Cutting plotters are common to withdraw the drawing to the film, instead of a writing node they have a cutter. Communication with a computer plotter is usually carried out through a serial (COM) parallel (LPT) or SCSI interface. Some models of the graffust builders are equipped with a built-in buffer (1 MB or more).

3.4 Projection machinery

Multimedia projector allows you to play on big Screen Information obtained from a wide variety of sources of the signal: computer, video recorder, camcorder, camera, DVD player, gaming console. The image in the multimedia projector is formed by several basic ways: using liquid crystal panels (LCD technology) and using DMD micro-chip (DLP technology). In LCD projectors, light from the lamp passes through a liquid crystal panel, on which both on a conventional film, but using a digital electronic circuit The picture is created. The light passes through the panel and lens, and as a result, the image has been projected by many times the image. In DLP projectors, the light from the lamp is reflected from the set of microer-controlled electronics and also across the lens.

3.5 Audio System

In personal computers, a wide variety of sound signal generation schemes are applied - from simple to complex. It seems to be a problem with sound for personal computers solved finally. Rarely meet motherboards unequipped with an audio controller. Nevertheless, even if we consider the question with the audioplats closed, remains a burning theme of acoustic systems. Littlely, this question remains, because many users are not limited to watching video and surround games. Real audiophiles prefer high-quality stereo sound with surround sound and deep bass, not to mention enthusiasts that are engaged in creating music with their personal computers. For them, generally a mandatory element of the home studio is high-quality stereoacience, even if the rest of the role is assigned to a computer with a sound card. Nowadays, there are a lot of acoustic systems in the market consisting of two active columns, and 2.1 performed. Such systems in the people are called "sips", because they are not able to provide high quality sound even on a low volume level. More recently, the ideal in the world of computer (and not only) acoustic systems was system 5.1 (five satellites and one subwoofer), but recently the acoustics manufacturers expand the capabilities of their systems, which led to the appearance of the system 6.1, and later and 8.1

Chapter 4. Peripheral Information Input Devices.

Input devices are those devices by which you can enter information into a computer. Their main purpose is to implement the impact on the PC.

4.1 Keyboard

The main input device of most computer systems is the keyboard. Until recently, a standard keyboard was used, 101/102 keys (the first keyboard model contained only 83 keys), but with the development of personal computers, manufacturers tried to develop and the main information entry device. This led to the creation of multimedia keyboards, with a much larger number of buttons, which today are increasingly gaining popularity.

Additional keys include multimedia application keys groups (for example, call and control video viewing programs), system volume control keys, key group for quick call office applications (Word, Excel), calculator, Internet Explorer. etc. Keyboards differ in two features: a way to connect and design. Connecting the keyboard to a computer can be carried out via the PS / 2 port, USB and via IR (infrared) port for wireless models. IN last method Connections Keyboard requires an additional power source, such as batteries.

4.2 Scanner

For direct reading graphic information Optical scanners apply from paper or other carrier in PC. The scanned image is read and is converted into a digital form by elements of a special device: CCD chips. There are many types and models of scanners. Which one to choose, depends on the tasks for which the scanner is intended. The simplest scanners recognize only two colors: black and white. Such scanners are used to read the bar code.

Manual scanners are the simplest and cheap. The main disadvantage is that the person itself moves the scanner on the object, and the quality of the resulting image depends on the skill and hardness of the hand. Another important disadvantage is a small scanning bandwidth (up to 10 cm), which makes it difficult to read the wide originals.

Drum scanners are used in professional typographical activities. The principle is that the original on the drum is illuminated by the source of light, and photosensors translate reflected radiation into a digital value.

Leaf scanners. Their main difference from the two previous is that the line with CCD - elements is fixed, and the sheet with the scanned image moves relative to it using special rollers.

Tablet scanners. This is the most common appearance now for professional work. The scanned object is placed on a glass sheet, the image is trained with a uniform speed read by the reading head with CCD - sensors located below. The tablet scanner can be equipped with a special device slide prefix for scanning diapositives and negatives. Slide scanners were previously used to scan slides and micro-image.

Projection scanners. Relatively new direction. Color projection scanner is a powerful multifunctional tool to enter any color images, including three-dimensional. It may well replace the camera.

Nowadays, the scanners appeared another application - reading handwritten texts, which then special programs Symbol recognition is converted to ASC II codes and can be processed in text editors to be processed.

The interface may be different:

Own interface - the scanner comes with its unique card and only works with it. This card may not earn in person your computer or fail.

SCSI - If you use the scanner not from the machine supplied with the card, then light compatibility is not always obtained.

LPT (and its options, with support or requirements of EPP, ECP or BI-Directional) - the scanner may need support by port one of the high-speed protocols. If EPP is usually always, then the Epson scanner option 8-bit Bi-Directional is not implemented everywhere.

USB is the most common connection option to date. Just connect and, if you have all drivers and programs, it always works.

4.3 Graphic tablet

Desktop computers for design and designer works for more than ten years completed graphic tablets. This device greatly simplifies the input in PC drawings, schemes and drawings. At first, the plates were expensive devices and therefore were designed for purely professional use. But already five years have been produced cheap home models. Even, despite the good hand drawing skills, you can hardly be depicted in a graphic editor something clean, leading mouse. The feather and the tablet in the root change the situation. If you add new opportunities to this graphic editors. We are talking about sensitivity to the power of pressing. Depending on how much you spend the line, its thickness and transparency are changed in the program window. The transparent film covering the tablet allows the trace of originals - i.e. Under it you can put a picture and, by jumping the pen with its line, repeat the drawing in the editor window.

Chapter 5. Additional peripheral devices.

5.1 Manipulators

The mouse is one of the index input devices that ensures the user interface with a computer. There are "mice" of two species: ball and optical.

In ball manipulators, a mechanical method of transmitting the direction of movement is used (the ball located at the bottom of the manipulator, when moving, rotates two inside the roller).

In optical "mice" instead of a ball used LED.

The "Mouse" manipulator has several types of connection: COM, PS / 2, USB, IR (infrared port). Mice with a connection type with the COM port - the same first manipulators. Basically supplied with two buttons. On the market she lasted for quite a long time. PS /

What peripherals Computer or just peripherals? Peripherals are devices that connect to the computer and expand its functionality. Unlike a computer (, ...), their presence is not mandatory for computer performance. For example, the printer is a peripheral device that serves to display information on printing. Without a printer, the computer will work, and there is no processor. Because Processor refer to mandatory PC devices.

The most popular computer peripherals is and. It seemed that the keyboard and the mouse belong to the mandatory devices, without which the work on the computer is impossible, but it is not. Work will be impossible for the user, while the computer without these devices will turn on, will load and will wait for the commands entered using the keyboard or mouse. Consider some popular devices.

Headphones and columns are the following peripheral devices. There is only a small speaker used mainly to serve error signals at the time of download. For a full listening of audio, speakers or headphones are required.

- Another peripheral devices. Serve for long-term storage of information.

The printer and scanner are peripheral devices designed to display information on printing (printer) and get a digital copy of any object (scanner). In home computers, the scanner is mainly used to digitize text and photo. Most often, these two devices are combined into one case. Such a device is called MFP - a multifunctional device.

In addition to the above, popular devices there are quite a lot of computer peripherals for all sorts of tasks.

At first glance, laptops and PC monitors have some advantage over television equipment in connection matters. However, modern TVs are equipped with a large set of connector, so connect the computer to the TV much easier than it seems. The variety of interfaces is valid that the compatibility of the computer and the TV depends on the degree of worniness (age) of the older device. If you leave at home today [...]

The printer can rightly be considered one of the most important office equipment in the life of an ordinary user. And in fact, with the help of the printer, you can print abstracts, coursework, scientific works, family photos and a lot of other. Depending on the cost of the device, the printer can perform various functions, for example, to print on a professional photo paper, use a wider color palette and t. [...]

Computer columns are a peripheral device and are designed to output sound. For a home computer, the presence of columns is mandatory conditionbecause Without them, it is impossible to fully watch the film, listen to music, play games. For office PC, the absence of acoustics is still justified, but imagine without them home computer No longer possible. What are the columns for the computer almost all speakers […]

After turning on the scanner, you should install the driver of this device, to become possible data transmission between the computer and the scanner. Start from connecting the scanner to uSB port Computer. (Explore the instructions for using the scanner and find out how to connect it to the computer.) Turn on the scanner. Many scanners use Plug and Play technology, with which Windows recognizes the equipment and installs [...]

The scanner is used to transfer text and images from paper into a computer in the form of a file, that is, performs the reverse print on the printer. Formerly, manual scanners were common, which needed to move smoothly on the scanned sheet. In addition to inconvenience, the use of their lack of disadvantage was that due to uneven movement of movement, the resulting image was elongated or, on the contrary, [...]

Peripheralsdevice - Equipment that allows you to enter information into a computer or withdraw it from it.
Peripheral devices are not binding system and can be disconnected from the computer. However, most computers are used with those or other peripheral devices.

Peripheral devices are divided into three types:

• devices input - Devices used to enter information into a computer: Mouse, Keyboard, Touchpad, touch screen, microphone, scanner, webcam, video capture device, TV tuner, etc.;
• devices output - devices that serve to display information from the computer: monitor, video card, touch screen, speaker system, printer;
• devices storage(I / O) - devices that serve to accumulate information processed by computer: drive on rigid magnetic disks (HDD, HDD), storage device on flexible magnetic disks (NGMD), belt drive, USB flash drive.

Sometimes one peripheral device refers to several types.
For example, an I / O device, sound card, network fee.

In general, the computer devices can be divided into three types:

• internal (processor, RAM, RAM)
• external (peripheral)
• memperpectoric

Internal Devices implement a specific architecture, form a computer hardware platform.
External Devices do not depend on the computer architecture, expand the computer capabilities.

Examples of external and internal devices

Peripheral devices include auxiliary equipment, such as a mouse, keyboard. Auxiliary equipment in any way is connected (connected) to a computer and works with it. Card / fees (even video cards) also refer to the periphery, connected to the computer using PCI tires, PCI-X, PCI-Express and others.

Interestingly, some devices are not completely completely clear to what kind of species, for example - rAM (RAM, RAM).
On the one hand, RAM is often a separate card / fee (with the DRAM interface or other).
On the other hand, without RAM - the computer cannot work.

Technical means of information technology

Hardware are the base information technologiesTherefore, the choice of computer and peripheral equipment significantly affects the effectiveness of information technology. Different types of professional activities often make completely different requirements for computer equipment, and the specialist is important to be able to optimally select computer technique. Peripheral computer equipment: Monitors, printing devices, scanners, modem, plotters, digitizers, digital chambers, uninterruptible power sources (UPS), graphographic projectors, slides-projectors, video projectors.

Plotter - This is a device for output from PC graphic information (drawings, graphs, schemes, diagrams) on paper of various formats.

Tablets To digitize the image (Digitizing Table) is called digitizers, or in Russian - coordinates. Usually such a tablet includes a high-resolution inner coordinate system, on top of which a map or a graphic image is placed. Digitizers are actively used in signature identification systems. One of the authentication technologies is based on the uniqueness of the biometric characteristics of the movement of the human hand during the letter. With the help of a standard digitizer and handle, the user imitates how it usually puts the signature, and the system reads the motion parameters and checked them with those that were entered into the database.

Slide projectors Present devices for projecting standard slides.

Video projectors - These are complex electronically optical devices that proact the video signal to the screen. The data source can be TV, camcorder, video recorder or information from personal computer.

Modem - This is a special component in a computer that is designed to connect it to the computing network.
The word "modem" was formed by combining two terms. The first of them is a modulator. So in electronics is a special scheme that encodes a signal. And the second is a demodulator. That is, the device that makes the action opposite the modulator. One of them encodes and transmits a signal, and the second receives and converts. Previously, PCs were connected to the Internet with telephone wires. Now, for this, various network cards. They and the speed are significantly higher, and most of the motherboards are equipped with "default". But still "wireless modems", which in some situations, have not yet have a real alternative.

Uninterruptible power supply, (UPS) - source of secondary power supply, automatic device, whose appointment is to provide electrical equipment connected to it by uninterrupted supply of electrical energy within the normal range.

Power UPS Classification

• Low power UPS - To connect through electrical outlets. The execution is desktop or outdoor, and the power is from 0.25 to 3 kW.
• Devices middle power - From 3 to 30 kW - contain a block of outlets embedded inward, or are also included through groups of sockets in the power supply of consumers from the control shield. Devices are made to accommodate both in offices and in separate equipped rooms.
• UPS big power - from 10 to 800 kW. Located in the electromashic rooms. They are collected in groups and create high-power energy systems - up to several thousand kW.

For all functional properties of the UPS are:

• filtration from pulses and noise
• elimination of signal form distortions
• voltage stabilization (not all models)
• maintaining rechargeable battery (AKB) charged
• when the UPS battery is discharged, it first gives a signal, and then turns off the consumer

Classification of personal computers

The reasons for the use of personal computers (PCs) in professional activity can be many, and depending on the purposes and solved tasks to automate the workplace - a specific type of computer is selected.

For example, if you accountant, the desire to automate labor-intensive accounting may be the reason for the purchase of a desktop PC. ManagerThe work of which is connected with the connectors, is suitable for a laptop for high-quality registration of contracts and facilitate working with the client database. Desire to automate accounting for products will lead the merchant to the thought of acquiring a mobile pocket computer. And for inventory Large warehouses are suitable for wearable (worn) computer.

All computers (PCs) can be divided into several categories:

• basic Desktop PC - Universal Desktop PC
• mobile Computers - Pocket (Hand) and Notepad, or Tablet, PCs (Laptops), Wearable (Woven) Computers and Phones Computers
• specialized PC - network computers, workstations and high-level servers
• supercomputer systems

Peripheral devices - Additional computer equipment connected to the system unit or directly to the local network wired or wireless way. To date, peripheral equipment is a large family of devices, the main mass of which is associated with the introduction, conclusion, processing, storage, exchange, and other data transactions.

1. Visual display devices of information transforming data into the video image - and.
2. - Equipment for printing data on paper of different formats, and (grapheatteners) - equipment for accurate and high-quality drawing (drawing) of graphic information on paper.
3. Projection equipment these are devices that allow you to broadcast the CD image, DVD discs, as well as with a hard disk of a computer on a large screen.
4. - Devices for analyzing (scanning) and digitizing objects (usually textual and graphics information on paper) with creating a copy of the image.
5. - Equipment that combines the functions of several devices, such as a scanner and printer.

The peripheral equipment includes various components to perform individual tasks, such as mice (manipulators), keyboard, columns, digitizers, drives, modems, and other devices.

What peripheral equipment offers an IVC pulse?

In Impulse IVC, you can purchase all the necessary peripheral equipment for office work and production activities. The catalog contains products of the best brands - HP, Canon, LG, Epson, Asus and others. You can independently select the necessary devices or order the selection of a complete set of peripheral equipment in accordance with individual tasks and requirements of our managers.

Peripheral Equipment Selection Questions

Any types of peripheral devices are focused on solving their tasks, and much depends on whether you need a set of equipment or a specific device.

In order to avoid unreasonable expenses or, on the contrary, the non-treatment of some necessary functions, it is advisable in advance to foresee:

• what tasks should solve the equipment which functionality is required of it;
• what types of equipment should be included in the kit and in what quantity;
• how efficiently and economically justify will be the use of selected equipment (set);
• conditions technical support and maintenance of equipment during operation;
• price restrictions and cost optimization options.

The unconditional factors for selecting peripheral equipment should be quality, reliability, simplicity in operation and maintenance, economic feasibility of acquiring and using selected devices.

Given the breadth of choice, planning the purchase of equipment for production or office purposes, should not be relying solely on its knowledge of the parameters and characteristics of peripheral devices. Experts of Impulse-IVC are not only familiar with the characteristics of the proposed equipment, but also perfectly know how each device works in practice, to which it is capable of specific sphere and the conditions of application. You can independently choose to purchase this equipment to or entrust the decision of this problem of the IRTC. We will pick up the equipment and make the system in exact accordance with your requirements.

Personal computer peripheral devices are all equipment that simplifies user interaction and computer.

In fact, the only elements of the PC, which cannot be called its "peripherals" are, and the RAM.

First of all, because they are the computer itself, as well as due to the fact that without, chipset and "motherboards" it is impossible to use the computing device.

While without the rest, it can be done - and without a monitor, and without a video card, and even without hard disk (When replacing it with another drive), the system will start, although it will not be able to interact with the person.

By location, the entire peripherals for the PC can be divided into two groups:

1. Internal devices installed inside the system unit. These include embedded drives for reading disks, tough and solid-state drives, video cards and even microphones and, if we are talking about the elements of the laptop;
2. External equipment located outside the computer. Among such devices, you can also find drives and hard drives - but only connected from the outside. External periphery Called both, and, and such input devices as a keyboard and mouse.

Another classification option is to be destined.

All peripheral devices can be divided into three categories - peripherals for input (manipulators, keyboards and scanners), output (display and printer) and data storage (and other types of drives).

Input Devices

The periphery for entering is called equipment designed to introduce data into an electronic computing machine. There are several types of such devices:

In addition, separately allocate devices for entering graphic and sound information.

And also index (coordinate) and gaming - at the same time, for example, the joysticks are also referred to as first and to the second type.

Whereas gamepads and steered - only to devices intended for games.

Fig. 2. Basic information entry devices in a computer.

Keyboard and manipulators

Computer mice are designed to control the cursor and returns to the computer with the keys and wheels located on manipulators.

The keyboards allow you to make the same way of mechanical input characters.

Modern oS Practically cannot work without these devices - besides monoblocks with touch screens.

And for their connection, three connectors can be used (outdated COM port, more modern PS / 2 and universal USB).

Although some models can connect to PC (first of all, with laptops).

To certain varieties of coordinate peripherals for input include game devices -, steered, joysticks.

And even special dance platforms and light pistols. The trackball, the principle of operation of which resembles a computer mouse in the same list.

Fig. 3. Game manipulator, combining the functionality of the keyboard, gamepad and tablet.

Transmission of sound and graphic information

To simplify graphs, there is a special type of peripheral devices - graphic tablets.

With their help, you can transfer information to PC, drawing on the surface, as on paper. The use of this periphery is important for the development of drawings and creating designer projects.

In order to make a ready image on PC and even the text use.

Scanners can be black and white and colored, manual and desktops (which, in turn, are divided into roller and tablet).

You should know: a tablet scanning device allows you to scan any flat image - from the book, from a sheet of almost any size (when the formats are mismatched, the scanning is carried out in parts). The roller option provides continuous scanning, but are suitable for sheet materials only.

Fig. 4. Scanning tablet device.

To transmit to PC information in the form of video form, use web cameras connected to the system unit via USB or wirelessly.

They will also fit for communication over the network.

The camera can be completed, to record not only the image, but also sound.

If such a possibility is not provided, recording should be conducted using an external device.

Fig. 5. Webcam with a resolution of 1080p.

The need to use microphones occurs when the audio information and the absence of embedded variants characteristic of and laptops are transmitted.

However, even K. mobile computers Sometimes it is necessary to connect an external device through a special 3.5mm connector. For example, to get better sound.

TO game devices For output relate to helmets and - although it is possible to use them not only for games.

Fig. 7. Peripherals for information conclusion.

Display graphic information

The main device for displaying graphic information from the computer is the video card. With it, data can be converted into a static picture or video.

Fig. 8. External video card with two coolers.

The video card transmits an image to a monitor consisting of a screen, power supply and multiple control circuit boards.

To connect this peripheral device to the PC, different ports can be used, located directly on the graphics card:

• on old computers -;
• on more modern - DVI;
• on the most recent models - and DisplayPort.

Fig. 9. Types of connections for connecting the monitor.

You should know: the distinction of monitors from televisions is the absence and columns (although some models have built-in loudspeakers). Therefore, it is possible to use them for receiving a television signal only if there is a tuner on a computer (video card). At the same time, most TVs can be used as monitors.

To increase the image transmitted from the computer, use such peripherals as projectors.

With their help, the picture or video is projected onto any flat (and, desirable, monophonic and light) surface.

Some projector models have built-in speakers and card reader for reading information from external media, although most require to work to connect to a computer via USB, video input, and even on Wi-Fi.

There are also projection devices that support 3D technology.

Fig. 10. Compact projector with USB connection.

While the top versions are almost a full-fledged computer - even with an installed operating system.

Fig. 11. Points virtual reality AIO VR SKY CX-V3 with Android OS 5.1.

The periphery intended for static image output includes printers (and their special case - plotters).

With their help, the text or the picture is applied to the solid carrier - paper or film.

More modern devices, allow you to get not flat, and a three-dimensional image.

Peripherals connects to a computer or using special ports (LPT1), or via universal uSB connector, or wireless communication.

Fig. 12. Compact home printer For 3D printing.

Audio output

Acoustic systems use acoustic systems to convert information to the audio signal.

These include speakers that are a practically mandatory attribute of modern desktop computer, as a rule, not equipped with built-in loudspeakers.

Laptops do not need external devices due to the presence in the case of their speakers.

However, to increase the volume and sound quality, even mobile computers can be connected (through a 3.5 mm connector or, in rare cases via USB) external columns.

You can do without additional acoustic system And when used as a monitor.

However, to transmit sound only to one user (in order not to interfere with other people) should be used by their more miniature variety - headphones.

Devices are connected to a stationary PC through a standard connector.

At the same time, some models can also be equipped with a microphone, which makes them more convenient for communicating over a network or sound recording.

Fig. 13. Speakers and headphones.

Data storage

Hard magnetic drives (HDD or HDD) or, on computer slang, "Winchesters", are considered the most popular storage devices.

The principle of their action is based on a magnetic record, and the service life on average exceeds 10 years.

Built-in discs are connected to motherboard through iDE interfaces And SATA, external - through.

Fig. fourteen. HDD The volume of 4 terabytes.

Solid-state sSD drives, gradually replacing hard drives, differ in the absence of moving parts and, due to this, much smaller dimensions.

In fact, they are one of the options - although some can be created on the database of DRAM memory modules.

The advantages of such drives are subject to minimal power consumption and high reading and recording speeds, minuses - a limited number of overwriting cycles.

Therefore, when using them, the remaining drive is required to be monitored using special software.

Fig. 15. An application for monitoring the remaining SSD disk resource.

Flashki or USB drives are designed not only for storing data, but also for their transfer to other devices.

You can use them and to back up information and even to install the operating system.

The volumes of modern USB drives reach SSD discs and almost can compete with hard drives - especially on office computers for which there is no need to place.

A feature of the flash drive is the need for software shutdown, which allows you to reduce the likelihood of loss of information.

And the read speed and recording depends on the USB standard.

The best speed is provided at the moment using the interface 3.1 (up to 10 Gbps), although it requires its support and a computer, and a drive.

Fig. 16. Varieties of USB flash drives.

Peripherals for reading information from other drives

You can attribute to peripheral devices for storing data and drives, and card readers.

At the same time, they do not store the information - for this requires a disk or flash card - however, without using this periphery, information cannot be read or recorded.

However, devices are considered practically obsolete and no longer installed by default system blocks Stationary PCs, nor in laptops.

If the need to read the flexible media appears, you can purchase, which will come immediately for several computers.

Fig. 17. External DVD drive.

Devices for reading other formats - 3.5-inch or 5-inch diskettes, Zip and Jaz-drives - you can still meet on old computers, but there are no longer available for sale.

The reasons for the disappearance and disks themselves, and the periphery to work with them are in a relatively small amount of record data and low speed.

To work with memory cards of various formats (from SD and to less popular MMC and MS), such peripherals are used as card readers.

Most of them support several types of drives. And the connection is carried out using a USB connector.

In laptops and modern PC, card readers are sometimes embedded directly into the housing, for older computers you have to buy external devices.

4 input and output devices in computer External computer devices

In this video, it is described about what computer peripherals are.