Data center - from design to operation. Justification for the creation and drafting of the TK

A modern data center is a complex of complex engineering systems that allow you to organize the safe and uninterrupted operation of server and telecommunication equipment. The TrustInfo data center, owned by I-Teco, is one of the largest commercial data centers in Russia. The useful area for the installation of equipment in it is more than 4,500 sq. m., and the number of rack-places - over 1,000. This allows you to place a total of up to 50,000 servers. The uptime rate is 99.982%.

Data center "TrustInfo"

LOCATION

Moscow city

OPENING DATE

2008 year

EMPLOYEES

50 people + customer service

ANNUAL TURNOVER

400 million rubles (SPARK)

Today in Russia there are more than 170 large and medium-sized commercial data centers. The total usable area of ​​commercial data centers in 2012 reached 62,600 sq. m., over the year the volume of space increased by 18.6%. Today the Russian data center market is formed by large sites, most of which are located in Moscow. According to iKS-Consulting, the Russian data center market in 2012 grew by 22.8% and amounted to 6.2 billion rubles. According to MForum Analytics, the data center market will develop at a rate of about 30% per year and by 2015 will amount to more than $ 900 million. The market volume in 2011-2016 will grow from $ 310 to $ 1,127 million; Moscow market - from $ 229 to $ 632 million; Petersburg - from $ 34 to $ 173 million; regional - from $ 47 to $ 323 million.

The building of the data center "TrustInfo" was built on the principle of "home in a home" using special fire-resistant and waterproof materials on the territory of the Research Center for Electronic Computing (NITSEVT), created in the late 1940s. When constructing a data center building, many conditions must be taken into account. So, the technical requirements of the international standard TIA 942 indicate that the building should not be located in an area where flooding has occurred over the past 100 years. It should be at least a kilometer away from railways and major highways (this will minimize the risk of a chemical spill). Also, you cannot build data centers near airports, landfills, rivers, foreign embassies and in areas with high crime. In general, the further away from the dangers, the better. Therefore, the world's largest data centers are located in former nuclear shelters, dungeons and mountains.

The data center premises should not have transit communications (heating, water supply, sewerage). However, for rooms containing servers, there are requirements for the level of air humidity, so that the availability of water is necessary at all times. The risk of flooding can be reduced by waterproofing. It is also necessary to install leak sensors. Servers require constant, round-the-clock cooling and heat dissipation, even if the data center is located on a pole. Therefore, the premises must be equipped with an artificial climate system. Temperature and humidity must be controlled. Cabinets and racks should be arranged in an alternating pattern with the front of the cabinets / racks in each row facing the front of the other row, creating hot and cold aisles. Cold air comes from under the raised floor, hot air goes to the ceiling: this is how the air circulates. In "TrustInfo" even the floor with different perforations is used: it is larger in diameter near highly loaded racks.

TrustInfo uses water for cooling from an artesian well located on the territory of NITSEVT. The air cooling system consists of outdoor “chillers”, ventilation rooms and air conditioners. Fans draw cold air into chillers that contain ethylene glycol. Then it interacts with water from the well. Chilled water flows in a closed loop to air conditioners that cool the air supplied to the hall. Also, the data center has an underground storage with water, due to which, in the event of a cooling system failure, it will be possible to provide four hours of autonomous cooling of all rooms. The cooling system does not work all year round, but depends on the ambient temperature. In winter, there is no need to spend additional electricity for this.

Each turbine room has its own ventilation chamber, in which six air conditioners are installed. One of them is always in reserve. The system maintains the temperature in the halls at 22 degrees, which is optimal for equipment operation without overheating. The system is automatic: based on the readings of the sensors, it decides for itself whether it is worth cooling or adding heat to the room.

Power supply to TrustInfo is organized from two substations through two channels - the main one and the reserve one. Data centers are very energy intensive. Data centers account for about 1.3% of global energy consumption. According to research by the Digital Power Group, data centers will consume almost as much energy in 2035 as it takes to supply the entire globe with light.

The hall of uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) is a part of the TrustInfo power supply system. The data center is equipped with an automatic transfer system. In the absence of power supply from two standard substations, the data center will switch to backup power supply from batteries. The estimated operating time of the UPS is 10-15 minutes (45 minutes will pass before the batteries are fully discharged). This time is sufficient to start the diesel generator sets. The diesel fuel reserve is designed for more than nine hours of operation at full load. In case of need for a longer work, the company will organize a continuous supply of diesel fuel, and the data center will work in this mode as long as necessary.

Many server racks are protected with welded grilles and combination locks to prevent unauthorized access. Some customers install access control and video surveillance systems for their servers. This is how clients record who and when entered their section.

All communications to the racks are approached from above - this is more convenient and safer. Under the raised floor - only grounding busbars and fire extinguishing sensors. The panels, which the hall is sheathed with, are heat-resistant and do not leak. All engineering systems are duplicated: failure of one does not affect performance in any way.

Two engineers are on duty in the building around the clock. Most of the time, they monitor the state of the engineering infrastructure from the monitoring room. All equipment of the data center is equipped with sensors that record the parameters of power supply and cooling supply in real time. Three times a day, engineers conduct a visual inspection of the premises, check the temperature, the state of engineering systems, UPS, chillers.

The Copper Room is the pride of TrustInfo and is a one-of-a-kind special room, completely sheathed with copper sheets. It protects data recorded on magnetic tapes from electromagnetic radiation. The mini-safes in this room store critical data media. Access to it is strictly limited: to open the cell, you need to have two keys, one of which is kept by the client, and the other by the guard.

All premises of the data center are part of a single fire extinguishing system, which consists of a digital station and gas equipment. In this room there are 18 cylinders with the Khladon-125 extinguishing agent and control equipment. It was used for piping throughout all the premises of the data center. The fire extinguishing system is hybrid: it works both in manual mode and automatically (if two sensors are triggered at once). In the machine rooms above the equipment, nozzles are located, which, in the event of a fire, release the oxygen-absorbing gas above the fire.

Photos: Timur Anikeev

Data processing center (DPC)- a single multicomponent system, which is designed to ensure the smooth automated operation of business processes. Data processing centers are created primarily to increase the productivity of companies that actively use information technology in their activities, as well as to improve the quality of services provided.

To store and process a large amount of information, specialized technical solutions, powerful servers, and disk storages are used. It is quite difficult and expensive to create and maintain such technical systems on your own: the maintenance of servers requires special technical conditions, separate premises and qualified personnel. One of the main purposes of data centers is precisely the creation of suitable conditions for the placement of such technical solutions.

Business Benefits

The creation of multi-component systems that solve most of the problems in business can greatly reduce the costs of enterprises. In particular, for companies with geographically distributed infrastructure, this is an irreplaceable solution, since 1–2 employees serving data centers are successfully replaced by many people working in offices in the regions. Subsequently, many entrepreneurs thought about acquiring data centers due to the fact that it was necessary to integrate a large amount of information together. The risk of losing certain information irretrievably became very high and led to certain costs for information recovery. In addition, there were risks of losing part of the income due to downtime for various reasons. That is, due to its unique features, the data center provides efficient and uninterrupted operation of any organization.

The advantage of a data center is that a person or a company can, from anywhere in the world, using any network access device, work with the necessary and sufficient computing power, the required amount of memory, all the necessary software that will work and be stored on servers in the data center.

Traditional services in data centers: rack rental, server placement, Internet connection, communication channels rental, software installation, configuration, administration. Currently, they are supplemented by the provision of computing power, virtual servers, disk space for data backup, and application rental.

• Reliability of information storage. Moreover, this reliability is confirmed both by the architecture laid down at the design stage and by subsequent operation. An interesting fact is that a detailed comparison of the cost of owning an information system located on the customer's site (usually a business center) and in a data center gives quite comparable figures, which cannot be said about comparing the reliability of these methods.

• Reducing the time spent on the implementation of new IT projects. When working in a data center, companies independently choose the services they want to receive. The most popular are renting a rack, a unit, a ready-made server, a virtual server, and data backup. But besides this, there are a number of other services that tenant companies can use if necessary, which will significantly save time for launching a new IT project. For example, this is an application rental that allows you to avoid large-scale investments at the initial stage of work. An example is the lease of 1C accounting - to deploy a ready-made system suitable for work, it is enough to order and pay for such a service in the data center. At the same time, often, at the customer's office, there is no need to buy, install or configure anything, except for Internet access.

• Reducing the cost of renting premises. This includes the cost of electricity, office space used for "server rooms" and maintenance of their own cooling systems and uninterruptible power supplies. By the way, the equipment bought in the office becomes the main assets of the enterprise, property tax is charged on them.

• Organization of continuous work of the head office with branches of the company throughout the country. access to work information regardless of the location of the employee. For example, the head of the company can, while on vacation, check work mail, contact his employees via IP-telephony.

• The ability to create a backup office of the organization, if for some reason work in the main office is impossible, but it is necessary to obtain important information, to complete the project

reducing the cost of purchasing applications. To strengthen their competitive position, the owners of data centers are developing a new range of services that can be offered to tenants.

The first to use data centers in their work were large foreign companies. Russian entrepreneurs followed them. The first owners of a data center appeared in the Russian Federation in 2000-2001. The pioneer was Sberbank of Russia. It is he who is the most geographically distributed organization. That is, the need to create multiple data integration was high. Later, large oil companies also acquired their own data centers.

Data center types

Depending on the purpose, there are three different types of data centers, each of which is designed for a specific model of the enterprise and has its own operational tasks and problems:

• corporate data centers;
• hosting data centers providing computer infrastructure as a service (IaaS);
• data centers using Web 2.0 technology.

Below are the parameters that can vary significantly in different types of data centers:

• traffic type (internal, external or mixed);
• using Layer 2 (L2) and / or Layer 3 (L3) for traffic management in the center or at the periphery (Top of Rack);
• data storage technology;
• server virtualization level;
• the total size of the data center (by number of servers).

Data center creation and modernization

Data center components

Traditional data center

The mandatory components that make up a data center can be divided into three main groups:

1. Technical components... They create conditions for the effective operation of the center. These include:

• server complex, includes servers of information resources, applications, information presentation, as well as service servers
• data storage and backup system - the core of the data center. It consists of consolidating disk arrays, storage area networks, backup and disaster recovery systems.
• network infrastructure provides interaction between servers, combines logical levels and organizes communication channels. It includes backbones for communication with public access operators, telecommunications that provide communication between users and data centers.
• the engineering system of the data center operation maintains the conditions for the normal functioning of the center. It includes subsystems of power supply, climate control, fire alarm and fire extinguishing, data transmission, as well as automated dispatching systems, information resource management
• security system prevents unauthorized intrusion into areas of confidential information. It consists of protective equipment, a warning system and an access control system.

2. Software... These are actually services of the data center infrastructure and software for the correct operation of business processes required for a particular organization. Infrastructure components include:

• server operating systems;
• database software;
• operating systems of workstations;
• clustering tools;
• backup tools;
• storage device programs;
• administration tools for servers and workstations;
• inventory tools;
• office software;
• Email;
• Internet browsers.

The programs responsible for the functioning of business processes include:

• business applications;
• basic corporate information services;
• Collaboration apps
• industry components;
• software for solving problems of the design and technological plan of the electronic archive system and project management;
• programs that provide services for files, printing, directory services and other applications.

3. Organizational environment solves issues related to the provision of IT services. It must meet the requirements for the provision of IT services such as ISO / IEC 20000. Here are:

• service delivery processes, that is, the quality and availability of services;
• processes of relationships between the supplier and the client, as well as with contractors;
• processes for solving problems arising during the functioning of any of the system components;
• configuration management processes, monitoring and control of the status of IT infrastructure, inventory, verification and registration of configuration items, collection and management of documentation, provision of information about the IT infrastructure for all other processes;
• change management processes, that is, determining the necessary changes and how to carry them out with the lowest risk for IT services, as well as consulting and coordinating actions with the organization as a whole;
• release processes, that is, joint testing and introduction into the active activity of the organization of a number of configuration items.

Software Data Center

In a software data center, we implement the entire environment in the form of software modules in virtual machines - virtual appliance. The idea is that only servers and switches are physically used. Everything else is implemented in the form of virtual machines - virtual appliance.

In the world of service providers, this technology is known and even standardized under the name NFV - Network Function Virtualization - virtualization of network functions. Only there it is used to provide services and, accordingly, a lot of attention is paid to orchestration and management tools, integration with OSS systems, which allows you to automate the process of creating services for each of the subscribers. In a corporate data center, so often the composition of services does not need to be changed, the level of automation can be significantly lower, but the transfer of all network functions to virtual machines still provides significant advantages.

We approached the writing of this material about data centers in a non-standard way. On the one hand, the article is of an informational and educational nature, and on the other, as an example, we will cite the real Moscow - TEL Hosting.

The Data Processing Center (DPC) is a high-tech structure for placing computing equipment. Initially, data centers were used mainly for the own needs of enterprises and organizations. Recently, this term has become widespread in the commercial sphere, due to the growing interest in the services of private data centers and the demand for them among customers.

Data center services

Data processing centers offer their clients a whole range of telecommunication services related to the storage and processing of information. In addition to standard solutions, some DCs offer additional services.

Standard data center services:

Additional data center services:

• Backup
• Cloud solutions
• Administered server
• Remote Desktop

Technologies used in data centers

A highly developed technical infrastructure that allows maintaining optimal conditions for client equipment is a key characteristic for a modern data center. The TEL data center is an illustrative example of such a structure.

A detailed story about the technical component of our data center (from which you can get a general idea of ​​the data center) is posted in the corporate blog on Habré.

Currently, there are more than 80 commercial data centers in Moscow. High competition and proximity to trunk operators' channels make Moscow prices the most competitive on the Russian market. In the regions of Russia, the prices for data center services are several times higher than in Moscow.

Data Center Differences

TIA-942 standard

According to this standard, all DCs receive a certain level - from tier1 to tier4.

The TEL data center formally complies with the tier2 + standard.

Format

According to this criterion, there are:

A) autonomous data centers
b) data centers renting space from larger providers
c) server rooms, usually used for the needs of a particular enterprise
d) "trash" data centers (not having the proper infrastructure).

The TEL Hosting data center is owned by the telecommunications company TEL and belongs to the first type of facilities.

According to the amendments made to Federal Law 152-FZ by Federal Law No. 242-FZ of July 21, 2014, a notification sent to Roskomnadzor must contain:

10.1) information about the location of the database of information containing personal data of citizens of the Russian Federation;

Until recently, this requirement was not duplicated either in the Administrative Regulations of Roskomnadzor, or in the forms of the corresponding Notifications (there are two of them - for submission in paper and electronic form - and oddly enough they are different). But since the law-is-law (amendments 152-FZ, requiring to indicate the location of the database with PD entered into force this summer), it is logical that Roskomnadzor required operators to indicate this data in the notification. And naturally, this caused difficulties for the operators, since no one could answer the question of what and where to indicate.

But everything is changing and the Ministry of Communications issued Order No. 315 dated August 28, 2015 (links in pdf, text form).

According to the Order, changes are made to the Administrative Regulations - paragraphs 46 (data entered in the register) and 54 (data specified in the Notice) are supplemented with the following:

Information about the location of the database of information containing personal data of citizens of the Russian Federation.

Accordingly, the form of the Notification changes (it is given in the appendix to the Order). And this is where the interesting begins.

Recall that according to the current edition of 152-FZ:

3. The notification provided for in part 1 of this article shall be sent in the form of a paper document or in the form of an electronic document and signed by an authorized person. The notification must contain the following information:
The notification must contain the following information:
1) name (surname, name, patronymic), address of the operator;
2) the purpose of processing personal data;
3) categories of personal data;
4) the categories of subjects whose personal data are processed;
5) the legal basis for the processing of personal data;
6) a list of actions with personal data, a general description of the methods of processing personal data used by the operator;
7) a description of the measures provided for in Articles 18.1 and 19 of this Federal Law, including information on the availability of encryption (cryptographic) means and the name of these means;
7.1) surname, name, patronymic of an individual or the name of a legal entity responsible for organizing the processing of personal data, and their contact phone numbers, postal addresses and e-mail addresses;
8) the date of the beginning of the processing of personal data;
9) the term or condition for the termination of the processing of personal data;
10) information about the presence or absence of cross-border transfer of personal data in the course of their processing;
10.1) information about the location of the database of information containing personal data of citizens of the Russian Federation;

That is, the Notice:

1. can be sent either in paper or electronic form;
2. the law makes no difference in the content of the information provided between the two options.

And if we look at the paper form of the Notification, then a paragraph has been added in which you need to indicate the country, the address of the location of the database, the name of the information system (database).

By the way, if you look at the text of 152-FZ, then the personal data information system is:

a set of personal data contained in databases and information technologies and technical means that ensure their processing;

Not even mentioning that personal data can be not only in the composition of databases - there can be many databases (and this is logical), but you need to specify one according to the notification form. Why is that? It's ridiculous.

But let's move on to the electronic form of the Notification.

After the cross-border transfer of data, there is a section describing the information about the database. But that's the title. And according to the text, you need to describe the address of the data center! Just a question - did everyone go to the clouds? What to write if the data center is not in use?

Fill out the form

Despite the offer to choose from a reference book, there is no reference book. Data is entered manually

If you do not explicitly indicate that you are using your own data center, then a request appears to indicate data about the owner of the data center:

Naturally, nothing of the kind is required under the Administrative Regulations:

46. ​​The following information is entered into the Register:
46.1. Registration number.
46.2. Name (surname, name, patronymic), address of the Operator.
46.3. Addresses of branches (representative offices) of the Operator (if any).
46.4. Date of sending the Notice.
46.5. Purpose of processing personal data.
46.6. Categories of personal data.
46.7. Categories of subjects whose personal data are processed.
46.8. Legal basis for the processing of personal data.
46.9. The list of actions with personal data, a general description of the methods of processing personal data used by the Operator.
46.10. Description of the measures provided for in Articles 18.1 and 19 of the Federal Law, including information on the availability of encryption (cryptographic) means and the name of these means.
46.11. Surname, name, patronymic of an individual or the name of a legal entity responsible for organizing the processing of personal data, and their contact phone numbers, postal addresses and e-mail addresses.
46.12. Information about the presence or absence of cross-border transfer of personal data in the course of their processing.
46.12.1. Information about the location of the database of information containing personal data of citizens of the Russian Federation
46.13. Information on ensuring the security of personal data in accordance with the requirements for the protection of personal data established by the Government of the Russian Federation.
46.14. The date on which the processing of personal data began.
46.15. The term or condition for the termination of the processing of personal data.

Another difference between the electronic form and the paper one is the possibility (necessity?) Of specifying all databases (data centers in the wording of an electronic notification) that are in the organization. There is no such requirement either in the aforementioned Order (and in the notification form approved by it), or in the law.

In addition to the general information required in paper form, here you need to indicate much more information for each database - and according to the form, one database corresponds to one IP

Do I need to send a notice in connection with the entry into force of these notices? According to the law:

7. In the event of a change in the information (previously submitted to Roskomnadzor) ... as well as in the event of termination of the processing of personal data, the operator is obliged to notify the authorized body for the protection of the rights of subjects of personal data within ten working days from the date of occurrence of such changes or from the date of termination of the processing of personal data. data.

That is, the Law clearly says that there is no need to notify. According to the law, according to the new form, it is necessary to submit data only to those operators who will send their first notification after December 1, 2015 (the date of entry into force of the changes in the Notification) or, as a last resort, and to those who send notifications after the entry into force changes in the Law.

But this is formal. In fact, traditionally, everything will be decided by the position on the ground - and there are already precedents.

A.P. Zhdanov, head of the department for the protection of the rights of personal data subjects and supervision in the field of information technology, Roskomnadzor Administration for the Altai Territory and the Altai Republic. directly and clearly said that they (this department and department in particular) believe that part 7 of Art. 22 152-FZ also applies to the situation with the addition of new clauses in part 3 of article 22 in general and the location of the database in particular. Those. during the checks they will consider a violation of not filing a Notice of Amendments ...

And the last thing. About the databases themselves. What is it - there is no definition. But there is a position of Roskomnadzor

(more details). That is, any ordered list of data, even in a text file, will fall under the concept of a database. Accordingly, when filling out an electronic notification, you must indicate all the locations of all ordered arrays of information. For all offices, data centers and subcontractors. Fortunately, the addresses of personal (BYOD!) And home computers are not yet required.

Let's summarize:

1. Paper and electronic notifications differ significantly.
2. According to 152-FZ, personal data can only be contained in databases.
3. That there is a database - there is no definition, but most likely it will be interpreted as somehow ordered information stored in electronic form.
4. It is necessary to indicate the storage locations only for databases for citizens of the Russian Federation. In principle, it is clear where this requirement came from - it was born on the wave of demands to transfer the places of personal data processing to Russia. But having entered the law - it began to look strange - are we not interested in protecting the data of citizens and subjects of other countries? From here, by the way, databases arose - the struggle was for transfer from foreign data centers. But again, having entered the law, this became a source of oddities.
5. It is not determined that there is a location. How accurate is it to be specified in accordance with the law - accurate to the country or home? Personally, I don't understand why the state needs to know all the locations of all personal data (yes - according to the letter of the law - up to the last mobile at any given time, if ordered information is stored on it).

Tags: Add Tags

Data processing center (DPC)- this is a building or part of it, the primary function of which is the placement of information processing and storage equipment, as well as engineering facilities that ensure its operation.

History

Information processing tasks were solved at different times using different technical means. In the 20th century, electronic computing devices took over the execution of large computing tasks, and the advent of devices for storing information made it possible to move from paper archives to more compact tape and electronic media. Already for the placement of the first computers, it was necessary to create special rooms - machine rooms, in which certain climatic conditions were maintained in order to prevent overheating of the equipment and ensure its stable operation.

With the beginning of the era of personal computers and compact servers, companies' computing equipment was concentrated in server rooms. In most cases, a server room in an enterprise is understood as a separate room equipped with a domestic air conditioner and an uninterruptible power supply, which create the minimum conditions for the continuous operation of equipment. However, today this is only suitable for those enterprises whose business processes are slightly dependent on computing resources and information.

The emergence of data centers: when is a data center needed?

By and large, a data center is a larger copy of a server room. But there are also a number of fundamental differences.

As soon as business information becomes a key factor in the operability of the enterprise and the reliability of the corporate information infrastructure determines the continuity of business processes, other, more reliable solutions are required, implying guaranteed power supply (diesel generator sets), uninterrupted power supply (uninterruptible power supplies), accurate climate control. control (precision air conditioning), an integrated security system (gas fire extinguishing, smoke removal, security and fire alarms, access control and video surveillance), an automated dispatching and equipment control system.

So, the need to create and maintain an efficient data center arises when the enterprise has a real need for continuity, manageability and scalability, when the stability of the business as a whole depends on the IT infrastructure.

Why do you need a data center?

And then the time comes to consolidate data processing and centrally manage IT infrastructure and information systems - for this you need to build a data center.

Hence, The data center meets the following market needs:

• significant growth in the amount of information;
• an increase in the number of used business applications;
• data processing in subdivisions remote from each other.

Who needs a data center?

In Russia, the first data processing centers began to appear at the very end of the 90s of the last century. Their customers were banking structures, oil refining enterprises and government agencies.
A data center can be designed for use by a single enterprise or be multi-user. Multi-tenant data center offers a wide range of services, including business continuity, hosting, server rental, server hosting. Turning to the services of a multi-user data center is most appropriate for small and medium-sized businesses, as it allows you to avoid capital costs for modernizing IT infrastructure and get high-quality service and a guarantee of reliability.

So to summarize the above, which companies need a data center:

• companies for which are critical:
  • maximum degree of readiness,
  • fault tolerance,
  • reliability of information systems;
• large companies running complex business applications;
• telecom operators, banks, insurance companies, etc .;
• small and medium businesses that can be offered a multi-tenant data center.

What does a data center do?

The data center provides:

• consolidated data processing and storage;
• maintaining the specified mode of automation of business tasks of the enterprise;
• safety of corporate information.

Data center requirements

The success of the project and the economic efficiency of the data center during its operation directly depend on how skillfully and carefully the concept of the data center is worked out. Good data center design and construction planning is the main way to reduce data center costs.

Global requirements

The global requirements include the fundamental provisions laid down in the architecture of the data processing center, its perspective, etc. Before building a data center, it is necessary:

• find out the real need of the owner for the resources of the data center;
• the business model for using the data center;
• to determine forecasts for the development of a data center and, accordingly, the stages of its large-scale expansion.

Reliability requirements

When starting to design a data processing center, first of all, it is necessary to determine what requirements the business imposes on the reliability of the information infrastructure.

These reliability requirements can be formalized by two parameters:

• the time that elapsed from the moment of the last saving of data until the moment of failure (it is obvious that all operations that occurred in the system during this period of time simply will not exist in your information environment after its restoration);
• recovery time of the system after a failure.

The sum of these two parameters is the system downtime.

The set of hardware and software solutions implemented in the data processing center depends on what parameters will be set in the terms of reference.

Risk issue

Exists three risk groups that can potentially serve as a source of inconsistency in the data center business and IT with the needs of the user:

1. downtime risks:
   • related to planned preventive measures;
   • related to unplanned events (failures in the network and equipment);
2. risks of changing business and IT needs (business growth, changing requirements for IT infrastructure);
3. downtime risks associated with human factors.

For, to minimize these risks, a data center solution must meet three critical requirements:

• working capacity;
• flexibility;
• simplicity.

Risk mitigation techniques:

1. To reduce the risks of downtime and ensure the required level of data center availability, the following should be envisaged:
   • redundancy of systems (redundancy);
   • fault tolerance of systems (the ability to work in an autonomous mode),
2. To reduce the risks of changing infrastructure requirements and ensure the flexibility of the solution, it is necessary to provide for its scalability (the ability to add modules to the IT and engineering infrastructure).
3. To reduce the risks associated with the human factor, it is necessary to provide for the simplicity of the monitoring systems, management, and operation of the data processing center.

Conclusion

For a long time in Russia, the solution to the issues of creating data processing centers and similar objects was reduced to the prompt search for an office space suitable for the area and its equally prompt adaptation to the tasks of the IT service. However, the repetition of systematic unforeseen situations caused by design miscalculations convinced specialists that these issues deserve much more attention, knowledge and resource costs. The construction of a data center must be taken seriously and methodologically.