GIS (stands for "Geographic Information Systems") - computer systems that make it possible to display data on the screen in electronic form. GIS imagery is a new generation of maps.

Geography on the screen

Such maps can be supplied, in addition to geographical and other data from the field of statistics, demography, etc. Various types of analytical operations are possible with them, which are not available for old paper media.

Technical support for electronic maps exists in the form of a huge number of analytics, editing tools, and extensive databases. Many modern tools are involved in their creation and use - from scanners to space satellites that take pictures of the earth's surface.

The information obtained with the help of new technologies finds application not only among geographers, but also in the environment of business, construction, marketing, and public administration. Even housewives know what geographic information systems are. And they are quite successful in using e-cards!

GIS - definition and basic concepts

What exactly does this term mean? Geographic information systems (GIS) - the name of the systems, the purpose of which is the collection, storage and analysis of spatial data, as well as their graphic visualization. GIS belongs to the new generation of computer technologies. The science that studies the applied and technical aspects of working with GIS is geoinformatics.

GIS is a good combination of the ability to work with databases (queries, analytics) and spatial visualization, typical for maps. Data storage in such a system is carried out according to thematic layers tied to geographic location. GIS works with both raster and vector data, thanks to which any task related to spatial information can be effectively solved with their help.

What makes them different

The characteristic features that a geographic information system possesses include advanced analytics, work with huge amounts of information, and the presence of special tools for processing spatial data.

Their main advantages are user-friendliness (data in three-dimensional dimensions are the easiest to understand), the ability to integrate information accumulated by various sources, to create a single array for collective use.

Then - automatic analysis of geospatial data and a report, the use of decoding of aerial and space imagery, previously created schemes and terrain plans, which increases the efficiency of the application by an order of magnitude. Significant savings in time resources and the ability to create three-dimensional models of geographic objects.

Main tasks

GIS functions are a series of operations for:

• data entry (digital maps are created automatically),
• data management (all of them are stored with the possibility of subsequent processing and use),
• their request and analysis by comparing many parameters,
• visualization of the received and processed data in the form of interactive maps.

Reports for each object can take the form of a graph, chart or three-dimensional image.

GIS capabilities

With the help of the GIS system, it becomes possible to determine the presence, quantity and relative position of all available objects in a given territory. In addition, with its help, for example, analysis of geospatial data characterizing the density of settlement, etc. is carried out and various changes in time are determined.

With the help of GIS systems, it became possible to simulate the expected situation concerning, for example, the addition of a new object - a road, a residential area, etc.

GIS - classification

There are several classifications of these systems. If we divide them according to the principle of territorial coverage, then each GIS can be attributed to global, sub-continental, national, regional, sub-regional, as well as local or local systems.

If we start from the management level, then these systems consist of federal, regional, municipal and corporate.

They are also distinguished by their functionality. GIS (the decoding of the abbreviation is clear to a large number of users) can be both full-featured and specialized, designed to solve specific tasks - for example, viewing data, entering and processing them.

Depending on the subject area, GIS can be classified as cartographic, geological, environmental, as well as municipal or urban.

Integrated geographic information systems are those in which, in addition to standard functionality, it is possible to digitally process images. Full-scale GIS reproduce data at any scale you choose. Spatio-temporal systems make it possible to operate with information in the past or future time.

Where GIS is used

GIS is a versatile tool with a wide range of applications. Which one exactly?

• Typical areas of their use are land administration, cadastral operations, area calculations, and parcel boundaries. It was to solve such problems that the first such systems were created.
• Another area is the management of industrial infrastructure facilities, their accounting, planning, inventory. Creation and placement of a network of objects for a specific purpose - shops, gas stations, etc.
• Engineering surveys and planning in the field of architecture and construction, solving problems for the development of the territory and optimization of its infrastructure.
• Creation of thematic maps.
• Management of all types of transport - from land to water and air.

Other spheres

Nature protection activities, environmental activities, planning and management of natural resources, environmental monitoring, modeling of environmental processes.

Sphere of geology and mining. With the help of GIS, it became possible to calculate the mineral reserve based on exploration drilling samples and modeling the structure of the field.

Further development

Since the 70s. thanks to government support, experimental projects have appeared on the use of GIS in navigation and garbage disposal systems, traffic, etc.

Since the 80s. the period of development on a commercial basis began. The market has been filled with a mass of software tools, all kinds of applications have appeared, the number of users who have learned what GIS technologies are has exceeded the number of professional specialists.

At the present time, which can be called custom, thanks to the high competition among manufacturers, it has become possible to create thematic groups of consumers, hold teleconferences, and form a single global geostructure.

About the perspectives of GIS

A new stage in the evolution in the development of GIS can be considered the emergence of geodesign, which is now required everywhere - from the sphere of land use and environmental protection to planning new infrastructure and construction projects, as well as when servicing utility networks, etc.

The future belongs to GIS technologies containing the beginnings of artificial intelligence. Modern GIS is the latest computer development based on the use of space and aerial photography, serving to implement global government programs.

GIS systems are now developing at an unprecedented pace and are among the most commercially interesting solutions. In Russia today, about 200 different organizations are engaged in their development and implementation, which allows us to speak of competition with Western manufacturers. It is no longer a secret for anyone that there are huge prospects behind new technologies based on the further development of computer information processing facilities.

• Qualified Classic Electronic signature for basic business tasks: interaction with state information systems, submission of reports, registration of online cash desks, participation in auctions, receipt of financial services.

• Qualified for labeling An electronic signature for marking is suitable for registration in the National Digital Economy System Honest ZNAK, registration of an online cash register with the Federal Tax Service and work on other state portals. 3000 price for 1 year and additional services
• Electronic signature 3.0 for 1 year 5900 price for 1 year and additional services
• Electronic signature 3.0 for 6 months Universal signature for advanced trading. Suitable for work for suppliers under 44-FZ, customers and suppliers - for trading under 223-ФЗ, commercial auctions and auctions of bankruptcy property. 3700 price for 6 months and add. services
• TriO: bidding for bankrupts Signature for those who buy debtor's property through electronic auctions. The basic configuration is suitable for participation in bankruptcy auctions on the ETP Fabrikant, uTender and the Sales Center.
• TriO: commercial bidding One electronic signature for government and commercial tenders. Includes OIDs for work at the three largest sites Gazprombank, B2B-center and Fabrikant. 11300 price for 1 year and additional services
• Electronic signature 3.0 for 3 months Universal signature for advanced trading. Suitable for work for suppliers under 44-FZ, customers and suppliers - for trading under 223-ФЗ, commercial auctions and auctions of bankruptcy property. 2500 price for 3 months and additional services
• Qualified Rosreestr The certificate for the electronic portal of Rosreestr will allow you to quickly send requests and receive the necessary data in electronic form.
• Qualified FCS The electronic signature certificate is suitable for working with the portal of the Federal Customs Service and the main state information systems, as well as for organizing purchases under 223-FZ. 3400 price for 1 year and additional services
• Qualified Rosaccreditation A comprehensive solution for interaction with FSIS Rosakkreditatsiya, which meets all the technical requirements of the information system. 20900 price for 1 year and additional services
• Qualified SMEV An electronic signature for work in the Interdepartmental Electronic Interaction System and on state electronic portals.
• Qualified GIS GMP Electronic signature for work in the State Information System on State and Municipal Payments. 3000 price for 1 year and additional services
• Qualified KS2 The electronic signature certificate is suitable for work in the state information system of housing and communal services (GIS Housing and Communal Services) and the automated system of analysis and control in the field of labor protection (AS AKOT) 3400 price for 1 year and additional services
• Qualified for information disclosure Electronic signature certificate for use on information disclosure portals by securities issuers 3400 price for 1 year and additional services
• Qualified AS "URM" Electronic signature certificate for work in the automated system "Remote Workplace" 2000 price for 1 year and additional services
• and add. services
• Qualified Rosobrnadzor Certificate for transferring information about issued educational documents to FIS FRDO and working with information systems of Rosobrnadzor 3400 price for 1 year and additional services
• Qualified for medical organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan Electronic signature certificate for medical organizations of the Republic of Bashkortostan for issuing electronic sheets of temporary disability 800 price for 1 year and additional services

20-10-2017

How to work in GIS USRZ

By order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated January 11, 2017 No. 13 / pr "On the determination of a subordinate state institution authorized to maintain a unified state register of expert opinions on design documentation for capital construction projects" by the operator of the state information system "Unified state register of expert opinions on design documentation for capital construction projects" (hereinafter - GIS USRZ) is determined by the FAU "Glavgosexpertiza of Russia". Already at the end of October 2017 USRZ will work in test mode.

For the convenience of users of the state information system "The Unified State Register of Expertise Conclusions of Design Documentation of Capital Construction Objects", a video instruction has been created. It clearly demonstrates the key principles of work, including the order of appeals, on the GIS USRZ portal.

Using the step-by-step algorithm of the video instructions, the user can register an expert organization in the system, create a draft registry section, and receive an extract from the USRZ. Also, the video instructions clearly demonstrate how the design documentation is assigned a cost-effective attribute, the search and unloading of documentation by a government customer.

The portal provides a convenient search form. Using it, you can easily go to any section of interest: get an extract; make changes to the register; download information from the registry; check the status of the conclusion and others. The current version of the USRZ also provides for the management of cost-effective projects.

To start working in the system, you need to go through authorization using the ESIA, a tool for secure online identification, and receive a UKEP (enhanced qualified electronic signature). To authorize on the portal, you must register an individual, and then - register a legal entity. To obtain the UKEP, you must contact one of the centers accredited by the Ministry of Telecom and Mass Communications of Russia.

In order to order an extract from the USRZ, you must sign and send a request through the Personal Account of the portal. The extract will be available via the link in pdf format.

For reference:

The Unified State Register of Expertise Conclusions for Design Documentation of Capital Construction Facilities is a unique state information system that will allow accumulating information on all conclusions and projects undergoing expert examination both in state and non-state expert organizations, to determine and use re-use projects, to evaluate the effectiveness of proposed technical solutions and many other tasks.

In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 24, 2017 N 878 "On the procedure for the formation of a unified state register of expert opinions on design documentation for capital construction projects and amending the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 5, 2007 N 145", information and documents are included in the register expert organizations.

The legal department of the Ministry of Construction received an appeal with a request to clarify the question that had arisen about the calculation of seniority in engineering positions. On its basis, the department prepared a letter dated August 22, 2019 N 30618-TB / 02, explaining what documents an engineer can confirm his work experience. about higher education in the specialty necessary for the opportunity to occupy engineering positions. In addition, the direction of training should be included in the list approved by order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia dated April 6, 2017 N 688 / pr. Work experience in engineering positions refers to the types of special work experience and includes periods of work in organizations specializing in performing engineering surveys, preparation of project documentation, construction, overhaul and demolition of capital construction facilities. In addition to the above documentation, work experience in engineering positions can be confirmed by the following documents: an extract from the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, USRIP, which contains information about the types of economic activities according to the All-Russian Classifier of Economic Types activities carried out by his employer, license, certificate of admission of the employer to work; an employment contract that defines the employee's labor functions in accordance with Article 56 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation; job regulations, job descriptions containing information about the duties of a state or municipal employee in accordance with Article 47 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2004 N 79-FZ "On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation" and Article 12 of the Federal Law of March 2, 2007 N 25-FZ "On municipal service in the Russian Federation"; an extract from the personal file, service record of an individual who has completed military service; documentation confirming the length of service with the law of the country in which the individual carried out labor activities. Confirmation of seniority in engineering positions is necessary for the inclusion of information in the LDC in the field of construction, design and engineering surveys.It should be noted that when applying this letter, it is necessary to take into account the fact that it is of an informational and explanatory nature and is not a regulatory legal act. Letter of the Legal Department of the Ministry of Construction of August 22, 2019 N 30618-TB / 02

The Ministry of Construction revealed a number of violations in the activities of NOPRIZ

The Ministry of Construction conducted another audit of the activities of the National Association of Designers and Surveyors (NOPRIZ) for compliance with the mandatory requirements established by the City Code of the Russian Federation. The audit was carried out in accordance with the Order of the Ministry of Construction of Russia No. 665 / pr dated October 22, 2018, from July 22 to August 16 current year. During the inspection, the Ministry of Construction revealed a number of violations in the activities of NOPRIZ: 1. NOPRIZ did not apply to the arbitration court with a statement of claim on the recovery of compensation funds and the mandatory transfer of cases of members of 35 out of 40 SROs excluded from the state register of SROs. 2. The national association neglects its responsibilities in terms of considering complaints from SRO members against self-regulatory organizations. 3. The national association returns to commercial organizations applications for entering information into the state register without approving the conclusion on entering or not entering information about them. 4. The register of SRO members is not kept in accordance with the established form. 5. There are no standards for the processes associated with the implementation of work on the preparation of project documentation. 6. The established fourteen-day period for consideration of applications of individuals on the inclusion of information about them in the National Register of Specialists (LRS) in the field of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design has been exceeded. 7. The LDC includes information on individuals who do not have the required general work experience, specialty, direction of training in the field of construction, advanced training and application documentation, duly certified. 8. Upon receipt of an application from members of an excluded SRO for the transfer of compensation funds to the accounts of SROs who have made a decision to admit such persons to their membership, the transfer of funds occurs with an excess of two business days from the date of receipt of such an application. The time limits allotted for the submission of claims to the credit organization for the transfer of funds from the compensation fund of the excluded self-regulatory organization to the special accounts of NOPRIZ have been exceeded. Such requirements do not contain the credit institution's mark of receipt. 10. The approved protocol of the All-Russian Congress of NOPRIZ dated November 25, 2014 No. 1 in the version approved by the protocol dated April 26, 2019 7. No. 7 by the charter of the national association: the responsibility of NOPRIZ for the member of the excluded SRO, acting as a technical customer on behalf of the developer, is not established; protection of the interests of SROs is provided only in government bodies; the person authorized to take a decision on the inclusion of information about an individual in the LDC has not been identified; it is not provided for the storage of files of members of the excluded self-regulatory organization, which are transferred to the national association of the SRO in accordance with part 16 of article 55. 6 City Code of the Russian Federation; the placement on the NOPRIZ website of the Unified Register of SRO and LDC Members is not envisaged. 11. Regulations on the procedure for the creation, operation and maintenance of LDCs in the field of engineering surveys and architectural and construction design, approved by the Council's protocol No. 14 of February 14, 2017, in the edition approved by the protocol No. 23 of February 28, 2018, are established: in the list requirements for individuals wishing to be included in the LDCs, a clause is indicated on the absence of an outstanding or unexpunged conviction for committing an intentional crime; the inclusion of information about individuals who do not have a specialty / direction of training in the field of construction in the national register is possible if they have a retraining diploma; submission of a copy of a diploma on professional retraining as a document on advanced training; in the absence of a certificate of the presence or absence of an outstanding or unexpunged conviction for committing an intentional crime, a decision may be made on the inclusion of information about an individual in the LDC. 12. The procedure for preparing and approving conclusions on the possibility of entering or refusing to enter information about an SRO in the state register of an SRO, on the possibility of excluding information or on the absence of grounds for excluding information about an SRO from the state register of an SRO provides for: organizations (NPOs) in the state register, as well as the organization's documentation, without approval of the conclusion on the possibility of entering or not entering information about such an organization in the state register; identification of the inaccuracy of the application documentation serves as the basis for the approval by the Council of the national association of the conclusion on the refusal to enter information about the self-regulatory organization in the state register; failure to comply with the requirements of article 55.16-1 of the Urban Planning Code of the Russian Federation is not a basis for the Council of the National Association to approve the conclusion on the exclusion of information about the SRO from the state register at the request of the SRO supervision body; failure of the self-regulatory organization to submit notifications and documentation provided for by part 6 of article 55.18 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation to NOPRIZ within six months is the basis for approving the conclusion on the exclusion of information about the SRO from the register; restriction of the rights of NPOs in terms of filing application and accompanying documents in electronic form. 13. The procedure for the formation of the NOPRIZ Council is established in the Regulations of the All-Russian Congress of SROs based on the membership of persons performing engineering surveys and preparing design documentation (approved by the minutes of the NOPRIZ Congress No. 2 of 10. 04.2015, as amended by protocol No. 7 of 04/26/2019) Based on the results of the inspection, according to the order of the Ministry of Construction, NOPRIZ is obliged to eliminate the identified violations by November 15, 2019.

FSIS CA is only 12 percent full

Deputy Minister of Construction and Housing and Utilities Dmitry Volkov said that the federal state information system for pricing in construction (FSIS TsS) is filled only by 12%. Today the classifier contains more than 100 thousand resources, and at the same time not all of them are pricing and not all The filling of the system across regions is uneven. The information necessary for the formation of pricing indices in construction comes in full only from 11 regions out of 85. At the same time, according to the plan, the indices should be formed by January 1, 2020. This state of affairs does not make it possible to achieve the main goal, since economically justified indices Volkov said that in case of a significant delay in updating the system, those responsible for the formation of the system worked out a different way of filling the database. The Ministry of Construction began to develop a pricing reform in construction back in 2015 and from 2021 plans to conduct a trial launch of the resource model with the ability to determine the estimated cost of construction using the resource-index method for individual resources. From 2022, a full-fledged application of the resource method will begin with the use of estimated prices for construction resources determined on the basis of the results of state monitoring of prices directly from manufacturers and placed in the FSIS CA.

Knowledge base

When you need a re-examination of project documentation that has received a positive conclusion

According to the letter of the Ministry of Construction No. 42269-OD / 08, the project documentation that received a positive conclusion, and in which changes were made, must undergo a re-examination. Since August 4, 2018, parts 3.5 - 3.7 of Article 49 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, regulating the procedure for recognizing project documentation as modified The letter from the Ministry of Construction notes that the procedure for conducting state and non-state expertise of project documentation, and the results of engineering surveys, is established by the Government of the Russian Federation, including in the event of changes in the project documentation, according to the Federal Law No. 342-FZ dated 03.08.2018. Also, the Ministry of Construction clarified that according to part 55 of article 26 of Federal Law No. 342-FZ, repeated examination of project documentation that received a positive conclusion is not required if changes to such project documentation were made before August 4, 2018 years and do not affect the features specific and other safety characteristics of a capital construction facility. Letter of the Ministry of Construction of Russia N42269-OD08

Construction and reconstruction of a linear facility: is the preparation of documentation for the planning of the territory required?

One of the fundamental documents for the examination of design documentation is the territory planning project. This follows from the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 87 dated February 16, 2008, which says about the need to indicate in the project documentation (Section 1 Explanatory Note) for linear objects the PPT details. Exceptions to the requirement for the mandatory preparation of documents There are a number of conditions that create exceptions to the general rule for the preparation of documentation for the planning of the territory. They are determined by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 269 of 03/07/2017 "On approval of the list of cases in which the preparation of documentation for the planning of the territory is not required for the construction, reconstruction of a linear facility." Such a possibility is provided for the construction and reconstruction of facilities for connection (technological connection) to existing electrical networks, heat supply networks, gas supply, water supply and sanitation, if they meet certain characteristics. Also, the list applies to the construction and reconstruction of capital facilities that are part of existing linear facilities, if their indicators do not exceed the standards specified in the Resolution and if they are located within the right-of-way or security zone. In addition, some types of engineering networks are affected, which are located within one quarter, one microdistrict. The mentioned List is valid from July 1, 2017. Consequently, for all line projects developed prior to this date, the PPT is mandatory. It is important to take this into account when preparing and submitting documents for the examination of project documentation.

Statute of limitations for engineering survey results

Engineering surveys are one of the main initial data for making technical decisions during the development of project documentation. In the process of preparing for construction, the situation on the land plot may change, therefore, it is necessary to take into account the validity period of the results of engineering surveys. They are not strictly regulated by the current legislation, however, the recommended period of relevance is 2-3 years. According to clause 5.2 of SP 11-105-97 “Engineering and geological surveys for construction. Part I. General rules for the production of works ”the ability to use materials from previous years should be determined taking into account the changes in the relief, hydrogeological conditions, man-made impacts, and so on. In particular, engineering surveys are carried out on maps of various scales. According to clause 5.60 and clause 5.189-5.199 SP 11-104-97 "Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction" engineering and topographic plans on a scale of 1: 10000, 1: 5000, 1: 2000, 1: 1000, 1: 500, 1: 200 should be generated from topographic surveys or larger scale surveys with lead times typically less than 2 years. The specified set of rules by default refers to documents of voluntary application. However, if it is referenced by a survey assignment or a service contract - and this is usually the case - then this framework becomes binding! Thus, in fact, it is not the surveys themselves that lose their validity, but their cartographic background. According to clause 5.16 of SP 11-102-97 "Engineering and environmental surveys for construction", engineering and environmental surveys are linked with engineering and geological surveys. In turn, clause 6.11 speaks of the need to carry out environmental surveys with a detail that meets the accepted scale of engineering-geological survey. Thus, it is required to use a topographic base similar to clause 5.16 of SP 11-102-97. Along with this, in accordance with clause 4.17 SP 11-104-97 "Engineering and geodetic surveys for construction" it is provided that to assess the degree of air pollution for compliance MPC norms should use the values ​​of maximum one-time, average daily and average annual concentrations of pollutants for at least the last 2 years. It is necessary to take into account the "shelf life" of the results of engineering surveys, not only for the design stage, but also for the examination of design documentation and construction. For various reasons, contacting an expert organization and / or the start of construction work may occur several years after the start of the design. In this case, the materials must be updated with the provision of reports, for which the date of field work is no more than 2-3 years.