Information and analytical support of the activities of the legislative body of state power of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation (on the example of the North-West Federal District)

December 12, 2007

Series: Information Policy

annotation

This Analytical Bulletin has been prepared for the purpose of generalizing and disseminating the experience of information and analytical support for the activities of the Federation Council and legislative bodies of state power of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The analytical bulletin contains materials covering the main activities of the Information Systems Directorate of the Special Communications FSO of Russia, the Analytical Directorate and the Information and Documentation Support Directorate of the Office of the Federation Council.

• Introduction V.D. Krivov, Head of the Analytical Department of the Office of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Economics
• Information support of legislative activity using public information systems M.G. Mikhailovsky, Head of the Department of Information and Documentation Support of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
• Information support of state bodies of the Russian Federation N.I. Ilyin, Head of the Information Systems Directorate of the Special Communications FSO of Russia, Doctor of Technical Sciences
• Providing access to information on the activities of federal and local authorities
• Legal framework for providing access to information on the activities of government bodies of the Russian Federation, government bodies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation V.N. Makarychev, Head of the Information Department of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
  Yu.P. Vasilyeva, Consultant of the Information Department of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation
• The role and prospects for the development of the official website of the Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia in the process of forming a unified information and legal space for the authorities of the Russian Federation S.A. Shlykova, Head of the Information and Analytical Sector (Press Service) of the Staff of the Legislative Assembly of the Republic of Karelia
• Providing access to information on the activities of authorities A.P. Dankov, Head of the Information Department of the Novgorod Regional Duma, Advisor to the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation, 1st class
• Providing access to information on the activities of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg E.A. Ponomareva, Head of the Information Sector of the Information and Public Relations Directorate of the Office of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg
• Development of the information and communication system of the legislative body of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation
• Development of the information and communication system of the Murmansk Regional Duma I.V. Smirnov, head of the sector for information and software support of the apparatus of the Murmansk Regional Duma
• Development of information and communication infrastructure to support lawmaking in the Legislative Assembly of the Vologda Region S.Yu. Zagrebin, Leading Advisor of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Legislative Assembly of the Vologda Region, Candidate of Technical Sciences
  S.P. Yurchenko, Specialist of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Legislative Assembly of the Vologda Region
• The concept of the Intranet system of the Legislative Assembly of the Leningrad Region D.Yu. Naumenko, Head of the Department for Public Relations and Media Relations of the Staff of the Legislative Assembly of the Leningrad Region
  A.V. Kalinin, Head of the Informatization Sector of the Staff of the Legislative Assembly of the Leningrad Region

Worked on the release:
V.N. Makarychev, Head of the Information Department of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;
V.M. Bratkovsky, Advisor of the Information Department of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, Candidate of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Associate Professor;
N.V. Vedeneeva, leading consultant of the situational department of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, candidate of sociological sciences;
Yu.P. Vasiliev, Consultant of the Information Department of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation;
V.G. Grechikhin, Consultant of the Information Department of the Analytical Department of the Staff of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.

Currently, the Russian Federation has a number of laws regulating relations in the field of informatics, but the information support of government and municipal authorities is mainly regulated by the Law of the Russian Federation "On Information, Informatization and Information Protection".

The laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation being developed should concretize the interaction in the region of the following laws of the Russian Federation:

The first group - acts or individual norms in acts regulating relations arising from the creation of information in the process of scientific, scientific and technical, inventive, economic, political and other creative, public, personal activities of citizens and their associations, legal entities, the state. These are acts that guarantee the consolidation of the copyright and intellectual property rights to the created information (as to a work). Acts (or separate norms in acts) that ensure the procedure for the preparation and provision of reliable and complete information through the media, in the formation of state information resources, as well as establishing responsibility for the creation and dissemination of substandard information products Vydrin I.V., Kokotov A.N. ... Municipal law of Russia. Textbook for universities. M .: Publishing house NORMA, 2006. - p. 114.

The acts of this group include: "Patent Law" (law), "On Copyright and Related Rights" (law), "On the procedure for publication and entry into force of Federal Constitutional Laws, Federal Laws, Acts of the Chambers of the Federal Assembly" (law), "On the mass media" (law), "On the obligatory copy of documents" (law), certain provisions of the law "On accounting and accounting activities" (draft law).

The second group - acts that create a legal basis for the formation and use of information resources.

This group of acts is based on the basic Federal Law "On Information, Informatization and Information Protection". This group also includes acts: "On legal information" (draft law), "On scientific and technical information" (draft law), "On personal data" (draft law), "On librarianship" (law), " On the archival fund of the Russian Federation and archives "(fundamentals of legislation)," On accounting and accounting activities "(draft law)," On statistical activities in the Russian Federation "(draft law)," On informatization of regional development "(draft recommendatory legislative act).

The third group - acts that ensure the implementation of the right to information of individuals and legal entities.

These include the draft law "On the Right to Information", which guarantees citizens the receipt of this information and gives them the right to freely use the information received, and the draft law "On Information Support for Economic Development and Entrepreneurship", which solves the problems of information support for legal entities. This group also includes the draft law "On information support for state authorities."

The fourth group - acts on information technologies and means of their support.

These include acts: "On the legal protection of computer programs and databases" (law), "On the legal protection of topologies of integrated circuits" (law); "On communication" (law).

Fifth group - acts on information security problems:

• - "On state secrets" (law), "On commercial secrets" (draft law), "On official secrets" (draft law), "On federal bodies of government communications and information" (law);
• - “On participation in international information exchange and export control of information products” (draft law);
• - "On bank secrecy" (draft law), "On unfair competition" (draft law), "On electronic digital signature" (draft law).

The need to develop regional laws is due to the following.

Current federal laws and developed concepts of the federal level:

• - "About communication";
• - "On information, informatization and information protection";
• - "On participation in international information exchange";
• - "The concept of the formation and development of a single information space in Russia and the corresponding state information resources";
• - "Concept for the formation and development of legislation in the field of information, informatization and information security of the Russian Federation";
• - "The concept of legal support of information processes and informatization in Russia";

regulate separately the sphere of communications and the sphere of informatics and informatization and do not take into account the peculiarities of the regions. At the same time, they do not clearly link many related issues in the field of telecommunications and informatics (in particular, management of the activities of the communications and informatics sphere (SIS), licensing and certification issues, the basics of economic activity, the relationship between SIS enterprises, executive authorities and local government, user rights for SIS and etc.). At the same time, these two areas of activity are very closely interconnected: communication is a transport medium for the transmission of information, therefore, it is logical to consider the issues of their legal regulation within the framework of a single law. Antonov I.E. The concept of forming a regional regulatory framework for informatization of the Primorsky Territory. // VOSTOK OF RUSSIA: PROBLEMS AND EXPERIENCE OF TRANSFORMATION. Issue 1. Materials of the interregional scientific and practical conference. - Khabarovsk: DVAGS 2000 .-- 148 p ..

Federal laws do not specify a number of provisions and norms necessary for their implementation on the ground. This applies, first of all, to the issues of relations between regional executive authorities and enterprises - suppliers of telecommunications services, the procedure for certification of telecommunications services, issues of tariff policy, the use of land and other resources of the region, problems of the development of SIS, benefits when using information resources on the territory of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The federal laws do not differentiate the powers of the center and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in a number of issues, in particular, on the division and use of information resources, the procedure for creating dedicated communication channels, coordination and development of the SSI on the territory of the constituent entity of the Russian Federation.

The federal laws do not take into account a number of regional features, as well as some new aspects of activities in the field of SIS. For example, the presence in the region of powerful intellectual potential, a large number of academic and industry institutes, universities and secondary educational institutions specializing in the field of informatization.

As a rule, public authorities independently solve the problems of both their own provision and the provision of external consumers of information - individuals and legal entities, which leads not only to unsatisfactory information support for the activities of public authorities, but also to an unreasonable overestimation of material costs for the creation of incompatible automated information systems and databases of these bodies Information and analytical support of legislative activity: problems and experience / Analytical bulletin of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation. - 2002. - No. 2 (157). - p. 2.

Meanwhile, the information support of municipal government bodies is based not only on federal, but also on regional legislation. In addition, municipal government bodies have the right to independently develop and carry out measures to organize information support for their activities.

Note that the federal legislation, for example, does not delimit the powers for the division and use of information resources, coordination and development of the communication and informatics sphere, does not specify the benefits when using the information resources of the region.

In addition, not all Russian regions have adopted regional laws on the information support of authorities and municipal administration on the territory of given regions, which further complicates the information support of municipalities.

Holders of the patent RU 2565525:

The invention relates to computer technology, in particular, to a system of information support for the legislative process of representative authorities.

The formation of the rule of law gives rise to many problems that need to be addressed. One of the fundamental ones is the problem of creating new legislation, which would be more consistent with the tasks of the functioning of society and the state. In turn, the solution to this issue is associated with the need to improve the very legislative activity of the representative bodies of power.

In accordance with Article 76 (clause 4) of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, outside the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation, the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its constituent entities of the republics, territories, regions, cities of federal significance, autonomous regions and okrugs exercise their own legal regulation, including the adoption of laws and other regulatory legal acts (NLA).

When a bill is introduced by the subject of the right of legislative initiative, the following accompanying documents are submitted by filling in the appropriate electronic templates:

The text of the bill with an indication on the title page of the subject of law (subjects) of the right of legislative initiative that introduced the bill;

An explanatory note to the bill containing the following information:

The subject of legal regulation of the bill (public relations - social, economic, political, cultural, industrial and others, regulated by the bill);

Goals, objectives of the bill, substantiation of the need for the adoption of the bill;

Outlining the concept of the bill;

The current regulatory framework on the issues of the draft law;

Other public relations affected by the draft law (except for those constituting the subject of legal regulation);

Reviews, recommendations, conclusions regarding the draft law from representatives of state authorities and local authorities, specialists in the field of legal regulation, scientific and business communities, public and political figures, public organizations, international organizations and others;

A financial and economic justification for the draft law, which assesses the possible financial and economic consequences of its adoption, namely: analysis of the draft law in terms of costs for its implementation (whether the adoption of the draft law will entail additional budget costs, and if so, to what extent; justification the need for such expenses); and analysis of the draft law from the point of view of a possible reduction in the revenue side of the budget as a result of its adoption (can the adoption of the draft law entail a reduction in budget revenues, and if so, to what extent; justification of the need for such a reduction);

The list of legislative acts subject to invalidation, suspension, amendment, addition or adoption in connection with the adoption of this bill;

A cover letter to the bill addressed to the leadership of the legislative body, indicating the legal norms on the basis of which the legislative initiative is carried out;

The decision of a collegial body to introduce a draft law specifying a representative of the subject of the right of legislative initiative in the legislative body when considering this draft law - if the draft law is introduced by the subject of the right of legislative initiative - a collegial body;

The conclusion of the highest executive body of the state or another body authorized by national legislation - if the draft law provides for a reduction in state revenues or an increase in expenditures or in other cases provided for by national legislation;

Other documents, the presentation of which is provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The peculiarity of the technical problem being solved is that the information support system of the legislative process of the representative authorities could perform not only the functions of issuing certificates of regulatory legal acts, the registration data records of which are stored in the system server database, but also could perform the selection functions and issuance of problem-oriented lists of normative legal acts based on specified criteria.

The system of information support for the legislative process of the bodies of representative power is based on a database consisting of two sections:

Section "Normative Legal Acts", which contains electronic texts of existing, as well as invalidated normative legal acts of representative authorities;

Section "Draft Laws", which contains electronic texts of all draft legislative acts that have ever been submitted to the legislative body, together with electronic texts of accompanying documents and electronic passports of draft laws, and also reflects information on the passage of draft laws through the stages of legislative procedure.

When registering in the system, an electronic passport is created for each draft law, in which the following information is to be reflected:

Date and time of receipt of the bill in the legislature;

Registration number of the bill;

The name of the subject (subjects) of the right of legislative initiative that introduced the bill;

List of documents introduced together with the bill.

The electronic text of the draft law and the electronic texts of accompanying documents are attached to the electronic passport of the draft law.

One of the parameters characterizing a bill is its status - the status of the bill - the stage of the legislative procedure that the bill is currently undergoing. The following types of bill status are possible:

- "is under preliminary consideration";

- “is under consideration by the legislative body (the chamber of the legislative body, the conciliation commission)” (if the legislative procedure provides for the consideration of the bill in several readings, the reading that the bill is currently undergoing is indicated);

- “withdrawn from the legislative body” (indicating the reasons and grounds for withdrawing the bill from consideration);

- “sent to the head of state for signing”;

- “removed from further consideration”;

Other statuses of the draft law in accordance with the legislative procedure of the representative body of power;

There are known systems that could be used to solve the problem.

The first of the known systems contains units for receiving and storing data connected to control and data processing units, search and selection units connected to data storage and display units, the synchronous inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the control unit.

A significant drawback of this device is the impossibility of solving the problem of updating the data stored in memory in the form of corresponding documents simultaneously with solving the problem of issuing the content of these documents to users in real time.

Another system is known that contains databases, a unit for entering documents into these databases, a central server, computerized user workstations that are connected to the server, a unit for loading documents into these databases, a user registration unit connected to a central server and a block for collecting proposals , and a block for analytical data processing.

The last of the above technical solutions is the closest to the one described.

Its disadvantage lies in the low speed of the system, due to the fact that the search for the requested data is carried out throughout the entire volume of the database, which leads to an unreasonable loss of time for issuing certificates, especially with large amounts of data stored in the central server of the system.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the speed of the system by eliminating the search for the requested data throughout the database and localizing the search only by the characteristic features of identifiable bills.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the known system containing a block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, the information input of which is the first information input of the system, designed to receive codograms of requests from participants in the legislative process, the synchronizing input of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process is the first synchronizing input of the system, designed to receive synchronizing signals for entering codograms of requests from participants in the legislative process into the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, and the timing input of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process is a timing input of the system, designed to receive timing signals for synchronizing the system's operation, a block for generating signals for reading database records, the first and second control inputs of which are connected to the first and second control outputs of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process cca, respectively, the address output of the block for generating signals for reading database records is an address output of the system intended for issuing the read address to the address input of the database server, the first synchronizing output of the block for generating signals for reading database records is the first synchronizing output of the system intended for issuing control signals to the input of the first interrupt channel of the database server, and the second synchronizing output of the block for generating signals for reading database records is the second synchronizing output of the system, intended for issuing control signals to the input of the second interrupt channel of the database server, and the data output unit, the information output of which is informational the output of the system, designed to issue the requested data to the automated workplaces of the participants in the legislative process, characterized in that the system contains a block for identifying the reference addresses of legal records projects in the database of the system server, the first and second address inputs of which are connected to the first and second information outputs of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, respectively, the first and second synchronizing inputs of the block for identifying the reference addresses of records of draft laws in the database of the system server are connected to the first and second synchronizing the outputs of the block for receiving requests from the participants in the legislative process, respectively, while one information output of the block for identifying the reference addresses of the records of draft laws in the database of the system server is connected to the information input of the block for generating signals for reading database records, and one synchronizing output of the block for identifying the reference addresses of records of draft laws in the database the system server is connected to the first synchronizing input of the unit for generating signals for reading database records, the unit for identifying the address of a bill of a given type in the the formation input of which is the second information input of the system, intended for receiving records of the server database, the second and third information inputs of the unit for identifying the address of the record of a bill of a given type in the server database are connected to the third and fourth information outputs of the unit for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, respectively, the first synchronizing the input of the unit for identifying the address of a bill record of a given type into the server database is the second synchronizing input of the system, designed to receive synchronizing signals for entering database records into the unit for identifying the address of a bill record of a given type in the server database; the control input of the unit for identifying the address of a record of a given type in the server database is connected to the first control output of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, while the information output of the identification block of the address of the bill entry is set type to the server database is connected to the first information input of the data output unit, the first synchronizing output of the identification block of the address of the bill record of a given type in the server database is connected to the counting input of the block for generating signals for reading the database records, and the second synchronizing output of the unit for identifying the address of the bill record of a given type into the server database is connected to the first synchronizing input of the data output unit, the third synchronizing output of the unit for identifying the address of writing a bill of a given type to the server database is connected to the first setting input of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process and to the second setting input of the unit for generating signals for reading the records database, the control unit for the selection of draft law records, the information input of which is connected to the second information output of the unit for identifying the reference addresses of the draft law records in the server database

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the system; FIG. 2 shows an example of a specific constructive implementation of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, FIG. 3 - an example of a specific constructive implementation of the unit for identifying the reference addresses of the entries of the bills in the database of the system server, FIG. 4 - an example of a specific constructive implementation of the unit for identifying the address of a bill of a given type in the server database, FIG. 5 - an example of a specific constructive implementation of the control unit for the selection of entries of bills, Fig. 6 - an example of a specific constructive implementation of the unit for generating signals for reading database records, FIG. 7 shows an example of a specific constructive implementation of a unit for identifying draft laws of a given type; FIG. 8 is an example of a specific constructive implementation of the unit for determining the depth of data sampling, FIG. 9 is an example of a specific constructive implementation of the analytical data accumulator, FIG. 10 is an example of a specific constructive implementation of the data output unit.

The system (Fig. 1) contains a block 1 for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, a block 2 for identifying the reference addresses of bill entries in the system server database, a block 3 for identifying the address of a bill record of a given type in the server database, block 4 for managing the selection of bill entries, block 5 generating signals for reading database records, unit 6 for identifying records of bills of a given type, unit 7 for determining the depth of data sampling, unit 8 for accumulating summation of analytical data, unit 9 for issuing data.

FIG. 1 shows the first 11 and second 12 information inputs of the system, the first 13 and second 14 synchronizing inputs of the system, clocking 15, the first 16 and second 17 control inputs of the system, as well as address 18 and information 19 outputs of the system, the first 20 and second 21 synchronizing outputs of the system ...

Block 1 for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process (Fig. 2) contains a register 40, a subtractive counter 41, triggers 42, 43, elements 44, 45 AND, elements 46, 47 AND of the first and second groups, elements 48, 49 OR, elements 50, 51 delays. The drawing shows information input 11, synchronizing input 13, control input 15, subtractive input 52, setting inputs 53, 54, as well as information outputs 55-58, synchronizing outputs 59, 61 and control outputs 60, 62.

Block 2 identifying the reference addresses of the records of bills in the database of the system server (Fig. 3) contains decoders 63, 64 memory blocks 65, 66. made in the form of permanent storage devices, elements 67-72 AND, element 73 OR, a group of elements 74 OR, elements 75-77 delay. The drawing shows information 78, 79 and sync 80-81 inputs, as well as information 82, 83 and sync 84, 85 outputs.

Block 3 identifying the address of writing a bill of a given type to the database of the system server (Fig. 4) contains an OR element 110, a register 111, a counter 112, a comparator 113 and an OR element 114. The drawing shows the information input 115, the first 116, the second 117, the third 118 synchronization inputs, the first 119, the second 120 and the third 121 subtractive inputs and the setting 122 input, as well as the first 123 and second 124 outputs.

Block 4 control selection of records of bills (Fig. 5) contains a counter 130, a register 131, a comparator 132, elements 133, 134 delay. The drawing shows inlet 135 as well as outlets 136-138.

Block 5 generating signals for reading database records (Fig. 6) contains a reversing counter 22, elements 23, 24 OR, elements 25, 26 AND, a delay element 27. The drawing shows the information input 28, the first 29 synchronizing input, the counting 30 input, subtracting 31 inputs, the first 32 and second 33 setting inputs, the second 34 and the third 35 synchronizing inputs, as well as the address 18, the first 20 and the second 21 outputs.

Block 6 identifying records of bills of a given type (Fig. 7) contains a register 36, the first 37 and the second 38 comparators, element 39 AND, element 86 OR, elements 87-89 delay. The drawing shows the first information 12 input, the first synchronizing 14 input, the second 90 and third 91 information inputs, the control 92 input, the second 93 synchronizing input, the first 94, the second 95 and third 96 setting inputs, as well as the information 97 output, the first 99, the second 100, the third 101, the fourth 107 and the fifth 108 sync outputs.

Block 7 for determining the depth of data sampling (Fig. 8) contains a counter 140, flip-flops 141, 142, 143, elements 144-149 AND, element 150 OR, element 151 delay. The drawing shows the first 152 and second 153 synchronization inputs, the first 154, second 155 and third 156 control inputs and the installation 157 input, as well as the first 158 ​​and second 159 outputs.

Block 8 of the accumulating summation of analytical data (Fig. 9) contains an adder 160, a counter 161 and an OR element 162. The drawing shows the first 163, second 164, third 165 and fourth 166 synchronization inputs, as well as the first 167 and second 168 information and synchronization outputs 169.

Block 9 of data output (Fig. 10) contains block 170 of buffer memory, groups 171, 172 of AND elements, a group of OR elements 182, delay elements 173, 174. The drawing shows the first 175, second 177 and third 178 information inputs, the first 176, second 179 and third 180 synchronization inputs, as well as information 19 and setting 181 outputs.

Unlike well-known information and analytical systems, this system can operate in two modes:

In the mode of issuing certificates on the progress of consideration of bills, registration data of which are stored in the form of records in the relational database of the system server,

In the mode of issuing samples of records by groups of bills, in the form of problem-oriented lists compiled according to specified criteria.

The structure of records in the first mode database is as follows:

We will consider the operation of the system, starting from the first mode, in which the system is in its initial state, fixed by the trigger 42 of block 1 (to simplify the drawing, the circuit for setting the system to its initial state is not shown in the drawing).

The high potential from the inverse output of the trigger 42 of block 1, firstly, is output to the output 60 of block 1 and then to the corresponding control inputs of blocks 5, 6 and, secondly, opens the elements 46 and 44 AND through one inputs, thereby connecting , information 11 and synchronizing 13 inputs of the system to the information and synchronizing inputs of register 40.

To obtain an entry from the server database about a specific bill, a participant in the legislative process at his workstation dials the code of the subject of legal regulation of the bill (public relations - social, economic, political, cultural, industrial and others regulated by the bill), to which the bill belongs in accordance with with the classifier of the subject of legal regulation of the bill and the registration number of the bill.

As a result, at the output of the automated workplace of the participant in the legislative process, a codogram of the following type will be formed:

The overhead of a request from the user's workplace from the input 11 of the system through elements 46 AND groups is entered into register 40 of block 1 by a synchronizing pulse from input 13, which passes to the synchronizing input of register 40 through element 44 And, opened at the second input by high potential from the inverse output of trigger 42 in its original state.

From the output 55 of block 1, the code of the characteristic part of the codogram, corresponding to the subject of legal regulation, through the input 78 of block 2 is fed to the information input of the decoder 63. The decoder 63 of block 2 decodes this code, giving a high potential to one of its outputs. For definiteness, let us assume that a high potential arrived at one input of element 67 I.

In parallel with this, the synchronizing pulse from the output of element 44 AND block 1 is delayed by element 50 for the time the code is entered into the register 40 and the decoder 63 is triggered, and then, firstly, through the OR element 48, it is fed to the single input of the blocking trigger 43, which, passing in the single state, locks the element 44 And with a low potential from the inverse output, thereby blocking the possibility of writing the next request to the register 40.

Secondly, the same pulse from the output 59 of block 1 through the input 80 of block 2 interrogates the states of elements 67-69 I. Considering the fact that only element 67 I will be open at one input, then after passing this element I, the sync pulse enters - first, to the input of reading the fixed memory cell of the permanent storage device 65, where the reference address of the server memory cell is stored, from the first record of which the memory area related to the subject of the legal regulation of the bill begins, and reads its contents through the elements 74 OR and the output 82 to the information input 28 of reverse counter 22 of block 5.

Secondly, the same read pulse is delayed by the delay element 75 for the time of reading the contents of the fixed ROM cell and then through the OR element 73 and the output 84 of block 2 is fed to the synchronizing 29 input of the reverse counter 22 of block 5, fixing the reference address of the first memory cell in the counter 22 related to the subject of the legal settlement of the bill.

Thirdly, the same pulse, having passed element 24 OR, is delayed by element 27 for the time the base address is entered into the counter 22 and then enters the same inputs of elements 25 and 26 I. Considering that a high resolving potential is supplied to the input of element 25 AND from the input 34, then the synchronizing pulse passes through the AND element 25 to the output 20 of block 5.

From the output 20 of the system, this pulse is fed to the server interrupt input (not shown in the drawing), to the address input of which the code of the reference read address from the output 18 of block 5 is issued.

On this signal, the server goes to the subroutine for interrogating the contents of the cell record at the specified address of the first mode server database.

The content of the reference address of the selected memory cell is issued by the database server through the input 12 of the system to the information input of the register 36 of block 6, where it is entered by the server clock pulse coming from the input 14 of the system.

The contents of the register 36, which is the first record of the specified subject of the legal regulation of the bill, is fed to some inputs 102 of the comparator 38, to the other inputs of which through the input 90 from the output 56 of block 1 the code of the registration number of the bill is received.

The comparator 38 compares the registration number codes by a sync pulse coming from the input 14, which is then delayed by the element 87 for the time the code is entered into the register 36 and then passes through the AND element 39, open with high potential from the inverse output 60 of the flip-flop 42 of block 1.

If the codes do not match, then a pulse appears at the output 99 of the comparator 38, which is fed through the input 30 of block 5 to the counting input of the reversing counter 22 of block 5, increasing the content of the base address by one. Then the same pulse, passing through the OR element 24 and delayed by the element 27 for the time of the reverse counter actuation, again through the 25 AND element is fed to the server interrupt input.

On this signal, the server goes to the subroutine for polling the contents of the cell record at the next address.

The contents of the register 36, which is the second record from the database, is fed to some inputs of the comparator 38, to the other inputs of which through the input 90 of block 6 from the output 56 of block 1 the code of the registration number of the bill arrives.

Comparator 38 again compares the codes by the sync pulse coming from input 14 of block 6. This pulse is delayed by element 87 for the time the code is entered into register 36 and then passes through element 39 AND, open with high potential from inverse output 60 of flip-flop 42 of block 1.

If the codes do not coincide, then at the output 99 of the comparator 38, a pulse appears again, which, through the input 30 of block 5, again enters the counting input of the reverse counter 22 of block 5, increasing the content of the base address by one. Then the same pulse, having passed the OR element 24 and delayed by the element 27 for the time of the reverse counter actuation, is again fed to the server interrupt input.

This procedure for viewing the records continues until the comparator 38 fixes the fact that the code requested matches the code of the registration number of the bill in the record stored in the database.

The fact of the coincidence of the codes will be recorded at the moment of the appearance of a pulse at the output 100 of block 6, which from the specified output goes to the input 176 of block 9 and then to some inputs of elements 171 AND groups, to other inputs of which the outputs of register 36 are connected from the input 175 of block 9 through the output 97 block 6.

The received impulse rewrites the contents of the register 36 through the elements 171 AND and elements 182 OR groups to the output 19 of the system, from where it goes to the automated workplace of the participant in the legislative process.

This completes the procedure for issuing data on the requested bill, which is fixed by the pulse of the comparator 38, delayed by the delay element 89, which delays the pulse from the output 100 for the time of polling and issuing the contents of the register 36 to the output 19 of the system.

In addition, the same pulse from the output 101 of block 6, firstly, is fed to the setting input 33 of block 5, where the OR element 23 passes and returns the counter 22 to its original state, preparing it for the next cycle of operation.

Secondly, the same pulse through element 86 OR is fed to the setting input of register 36 and to the setting input 53 of the blocking trigger 43 of block 1, also returning them to their original state.

To obtain analytical information about the course of consideration of regulatory legal acts in a given section, a signal is sent to the clock input 15 of the system, which sets the trigger 42 of the mode of block 1 to a single state, in which a high potential will be given to the output 62, and a low potential to the output 60, blocking element 39 And, and, thereby, the operation of the comparator 38 of block 6.

To obtain a sample from the server database in the form of a list of bills according to one of the possible criteria, for example, the status of bills, a participant in the legislative process at his workstation dials the code of the sample attribute, for example, "the bill has been removed from further consideration" and the code of the subject of legal regulation.

As a result, at the output of the automated workplace of a participant in the legislative process, a request codogram of the following type will be generated

The choice of this mode leads to the fact that a control signal is issued from the input 16 of the system to the input 154 of unit 7, which sets the flip-flop 142 to a single state, in which a high potential from a single output opens the elements 144 AND, 147 AND at one input.

At the signal from the workplace of a participant in the legislative process, arriving at the synchronizing input 13, the code of the codogram from input 11 through elements 47 AND groups, open with high potential from the direct output of the mode trigger 42, is entered into the subtractive counter 41 of block 1 by a synchronizing pulse from input 13, which passes to the synchronizing input of the counter 41 through the AND element 45, which is open at the second input with a high potential from the direct output of the mode trigger 42.

From the output 57 of block 1, the code of the year of the withdrawal of the bill through the input 79 of block 2 is fed to the information input of the decoder 64, which decrypts this number, giving out a high potential to one of its outputs. For definiteness, let us assume that a high potential arrived at one input of element 72 I.

In parallel with this, the synchronizing pulse from the output of element 45 AND block 1 is delayed by element 51 for the time when the code is entered into the counter 41 and the decoder 64 is triggered and then, firstly, through element 48 OR it is fed to the single input of the blocking trigger 43, which, turning into a single state, locks the element 45 AND with a low potential from the inverse output, thereby blocking the possibility of receiving the next request in the counter 41.

Secondly, the same pulse from the output 61 of block 1 through the input 81 of block 2 polls the states of elements 72-74 I.

Considering the fact that only element 72 AND will be open at one input, then after passing this element And, the sync pulse arrives, firstly, at the readout input of the fixed memory cell of the read-only memory 66, where the reference address of the server memory cell with the first entry of the bill is stored and the total number of records of the given year of withdrawal of the bill from consideration, and reads the contents of the base address of the server memory cell with the first record of the given year through elements 74 OR groups and output 82 to information input 28 of the reverse counter 22 of block 5, and the total number of records of the given year from the output 83 of block 2 is read to input 115 of block 3.

Secondly, the same read pulse is delayed by a delay element 76 for the time of reading the contents of a fixed ROM cell and then through element 73 OR from the output 84 is fed to the synchronizing input 29 of the reverse counter 22 of block 5, fixing in the counter 22 the base address of the first memory cell with data Born in 1955.

Thirdly, the same pulse, having passed element 24 OR, is delayed by element 27 for the time when the base address is entered into counter 22 and then, now through another element 26 And it is fed through the output 21 of block 5 to the input of another server interrupt channel.

On this signal, the server switches to the subroutine for interrogating the contents of the cell of the second mode database, the address of which is issued from the output 18 of block 5. On this signal, the server switches to the subroutine for interrogating the contents of the cell record at the specified address.

The content of the base address of the selected memory cell is issued by the database server through the input 12 of the system to the information input of the register 36 of block 6, where it is entered by the server clock pulse coming from the input 14 of the system. The contents of the register 36, which is the first record of the bill of a given year, is fed to some inputs of the comparator 37, to the other inputs of which through the input 91 of block 6 from the output 58 of block 1 the code of the sign of the withdrawal of the bill from consideration is received.

In parallel with this, the pulse of writing the code into the register 36 from the input 14 of the system is fed to the input 152 of the block 7, is delayed by the element 151 for the time of entering the data into the register 36 and is fed to one input of the element 146 AND, to the other 156 the input of which the high potential of the trigger 42 is applied the mode of block 1. The delayed pulse of writing data to the register 36 from the output of element 146 passes through the element 147 I, which is open by a high potential of the trigger 142, and then goes to some inputs of the elements 145 and 148 And, to the other inputs of which potentials are supplied from the direct and inverse outputs of the trigger 141 ...

Considering that at a given moment in time the trigger 141 is in its initial state, then the AND element 148 will be opened with a high potential from the inverse output and the data recording pulse from the output of element 147 passes through the element 148 I and is then issued to the output 158 ​​of block 7. From the output 158 block 7, this pulse passes to the input 120 of block 3 and then through the element 110 OR goes to the counting input of the counter 112 of the number of entries.

In addition, the same pulse from the output 158 ​​of block 7, having passed through the input 93 of block 6, is delayed by element 88 for the time the data is entered into the counter 112 of the number of records. Then it goes to the synchronization input 105 of the comparator 37, which compares the code of the given feature code with the feature code received as part of the record from the output of register 36. Comparator 37 compares the codes by the sync pulse coming from the input 93 of block 6.

If the codes do not coincide, then a pulse appears at the output 107 of the comparator 37, which passes through the input 117 of block 3 and then through the OR element 114 to the synchronizing input of the comparator 113. The comparator 113 compares the codes of the number of records of register 111 to be read with the code of the number of records already read counter 112.

If the codes are not compared, then a signal is generated at the output 123, which, firstly, enters through the input 95 of block 6 and then element 86 OR to the setting input of register 36, returning it to its original state, and, secondly, it arrives to the subtractive input 31 of the counter 22 of block 5, forming the next address for reading the next record from the database.

In addition, the same pulse, having passed through the OR element 24 and delayed by the element 27 for the time of the reverse counter actuation, again enters through the AND element 26 and output 21 to the server interrupt input. On this signal, the server goes to the subroutine for polling the contents of the cell record at the next address.

The content of the address of the next memory cell is again issued by the database server through the input 12 of the system to the information input of the register 36 of block 6, where it is entered by the server clock pulse coming from the input 14 of the system.

The contents of the register 36, which is the second record, is fed to some inputs 103 of the comparator 37, to the other inputs of which through the input 91 of block 6 from the output 58 of block 1 the code of the sign of the removal of the bill is received.

The comparator 37 again compares the codes by the sync pulse coming from the input 93 of the block 6, and the process of interrogating the contents of the server database continues in the manner described above.

This procedure for viewing the records continues until the comparator 37 of block 6 fixes the fact of the coincidence of the codes of the sign of the withdrawal of the bill.

The fact of the coincidence of the codes will be recorded at the moment of the appearance of the pulse at the output 108 of block 6, which immediately enters the input 164 of block 8, where the OR element 162 passes, and, firstly, enters the counting input of the counter 161, forming an address for writing the contents of register 39 in block 170 of the buffer memory, the code of which from the output 168 of block 8 is fed to the input 178 of block 9.

Secondly, the same pulse, having passed element 162 OR, from the output 169 of block 8 is fed to the synchronizing input 179 of block 9, where it is delayed by element 173 for the duration of the counter 161, and then enters the control input for writing data from the output of register 36 of block 6 through the input 175 of block 9 to the buffer memory 170.

In parallel with this, the same pulse from the output 108 of block 6 is fed to the input 118 of block 3, where the OR element 114 passes and again enters the synchronizing input of the comparator 113, starting the next cycle of reading data records and checking them in the manner described above.

The described process continues until all database records have been viewed, which will be fixed by the comparator 113 of block 7 by issuing a pulse of the end of annual records at the output 124 of block 3.

This pulse, firstly, through the input 165 of block 8 is fed to the synchronizing input of the accumulating adder 160, overwriting the readings of the counter 161. As a result, the total number of read records is fixed at the output 167 of the adder 160.

Secondly, the same pulse is fed to the input 157 of block 7 as a signal of the end of viewing the records of the next year, which resets the triggers 142 and 143 to their original state.

And, finally, the same pulse is fed to the input 135 of block 4 and then to the counting input of the counter 130 of the viewed years, the outputs of which are connected to some inputs of the comparator 132, the other inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the register 131. Any constants are introduced into the register 131 in advance, defining the limit value of the viewing range of withdrawn bills.

The comparator 132 of block 4 compares the codes by the clock pulse coming from the input 135. This pulse is delayed by the element 133 for the duration of the counter 130 and then passes to the synchronizing input of the comparator 132.

If the codes do not coincide, then at the output 136 of the comparator 132 of block 4 a pulse appears, which through the input 52 of block 1 is fed to the subtractive input of the counter 41 of block 1, decreasing the given year by one. Then the same pulse, having passed element 49 OR and delayed by element 51 for the duration of the counter 41, is issued to output 61, restarting the above-described process of reading the records of the server's database now of the next year.

This fact will be recorded by the counter 140 of block 7, to the counting input of which, after the end of viewing the database records of the previous year, impulses of the end of the year are received from the output 124 of block 3.

The peculiarity of connecting the counter 140 of block 7 is the fact that it works in the reverse code. In other words, when the counter 140 is reset to its original state, a predetermined number of years is fixed in it, in reverse code.

This circumstance leads to the fact that when the last pulse arrives at the input of the counter 140 of block 7, indicating that all annual records have been viewed, a pulse appears at the output of the transfer of the counter 140, which sets the trigger 141 of block 7 to a single state, in which the element 148 AND will be closed low potential from the inverse output of the flip-flop 141, and the element 145 And will be open high potential from the direct output of the same trigger.

As a result of this, the path of the subsequent passage of the pulse for entering data into the register 36 from the input 12 of the system through the input 152 of block 7 will now pass not through the element 148 AND, but through the elements 145 AND, 150 OR and then through the output 159, which will ensure the reading and viewing of all database records.

The end of the sampling procedure for all draft laws withdrawn from consideration will be recorded at the time when the comparator 132 of block 4 fixes the fact of comparing the codes of the years counter 130 and register 131 by forming a pulse at the output 137 of the comparator 132 of block 4, which is fed from the specified output to input 180 of block 9 and further to some inputs of elements 172 AND, to other inputs of which from input 177 of block 9 are connected outputs 167 of adder 160 of block 8.

The received pulse rewrites the contents of the adder 160 through the elements 172 AND and elements 182 OR groups to the output 19 of the system, from where this data is sent to the user's workstation.

If it is necessary to sample data according to any of the specified criteria and indicate the corresponding annual range, the control signal from the user's workplace is not fed to the input 154 of block 7, but to the input 155 of block 7, where it is fed to the input of the trigger 143, due to which the synchronizing signal from the input 152 of the block 7 will be issued to the output of block 7 through the elements 149 AND, 150 OR and then to the output 159 of block 7, providing the operation of the timing chain to control the selection of records from the database of the system server.

Thus, the introduction of new nodes and blocks and new constructive connections made it possible to significantly increase the system performance by localizing the range of addresses for searching for these bills in the system server database.

Sources of information

1. RF patent 2356092 (08.08.2007).

2. RF patent 115095 (09/23/2011) (prototype).

The system of information support for the legislative process of representative bodies of power, containing a block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, the information input of which is the first information input of the system, designed to receive codograms of requests from participants in the legislative process, the synchronizing input of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process is the first synchronizing input of the system intended for receiving synchronizing signals for entering codegrams of requests from participants in the legislative process into the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, and the timing input of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process is a timing input of the system intended for receiving timing signals for synchronizing the system's operation, the block for generating signals for reading database records, the first and the second control inputs of which are connected to the first and second control outputs of the request receiving unit in the participants in the legislative process, respectively, the address output of the block for generating signals for reading database records is an address output of the system intended for issuing the read address to the address input of the database server, the first synchronizing output of the block for generating signals for reading database records is the first synchronizing output of the system intended for issuing control signals to the input of the first interrupt channel of the database server, and the second synchronizing output of the block for generating signals for reading database records is the second synchronizing output of the system intended for issuing control signals to the input of the second interrupt channel of the database server, and the data output unit, information output which is the information output of the system, designed to issue the requested data to the automated workplaces of the participants in the legislative process, characterized in that the system contains an identification block the reference addresses of the records of bills in the database of the system server, the first and second address inputs of which are connected to the first and second information outputs of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, respectively, the first and second synchronizing inputs of the block for identifying the reference addresses of records of bills in the database of the system server are connected to the first and second synchronizing outputs of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, respectively, with one information output of the block for identifying the reference addresses of the records of draft laws in the database of the system server is connected to the information input of the block for generating signals for reading the database records, and one synchronizing output of the block for identifying the reference addresses of the records bills in the database of the system server is connected to the first synchronizing input of the unit for generating signals for reading database records, the unit for identifying the address of the record of the bill of a given ty PA to the server database, the first information input of which is the second information input of the system, intended for receiving records of the server database, the second and third information inputs of the identification block of the address of the record of a bill of a given type in the server database are connected to the third and fourth information outputs of the block for receiving requests participants in the legislative process, respectively, the first synchronizing input of the block for identifying the address of a bill record of a given type into the server database is the second synchronizing input of the system, designed to receive synchronizing signals for entering database records into the block for identifying the address of a bill record of a given type in the server database, the control input of the block identifying the address of the entry of a bill of a given type into the server database is connected to the first control output of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process, while the information output of the identification block and the address of writing a bill of a given type to the server database is connected to the first information input of the data issuing unit, the first synchronizing output of the identification block of the address of writing a bill of a given type to the server database is connected to the counting input of the block for generating signals for reading database records, and the second synchronizing output of the block identifying the address of a bill record of a given type in the server database is connected to the first synchronizing input of the data output unit, the third synchronizing output of the block identifying the address of a bill of a given type in the server database is connected to the first setting input of the block for receiving requests from participants in the legislative process and to the second setting input of the block generating signals for reading database records, a control unit for selecting records of bills, the information input of which is connected to the second information output of the reference address identification unit for the record

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- 31.33 Kb

Federal budgetary educational institution of higher professional education

Saint Petersburg State University of Service and Economics

Velikie Luki branch

Department of Service and Natural Sciences

abstract

Topic: Information support for legislative bodies.

Completed: 3rd year student

372 full-time groups

Specialty 080507

Dadasheva K. B.

Checked by: Senior Lecturer

Vlasenkova S.V.

Velikie Luki

2011

Introduction ……………………………………………………………………… ....... 3

1. Informatization of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation ……………. ..………………..4

1.1 Informatization of the Federation Council ……… ... …………………………… 4

1.2 Informatization of the State Duma ……………………… .......… .11

Conclusion ………………………………………………………………………… 14

List of used literature ……………… ... …………………………… 15

Introduction

The state is a complex system of an organizational type, which, depending on the goals of scientific research, can be considered and analyzed from various angles: form of government, political regime, structure of the state.

Public administration is expressed in the implementation of external and internal functions of the state through its organizational structures. The composition of the organizational structures of the state apparatus is formed by: representative, legislative, executive and administrative, judicial bodies, prosecutors and state control bodies. There are a number of doctrines of unity of power.

The effectiveness of the work of public authorities at all levels is largely determined by the quality and efficiency of their information support. The most important direction for solving this problem is the informatization of the state and legal sphere, designed to radically improve the activities of all participants in the legislative process in the country throughout its entire life cycle and, first of all, the Federal Assembly as a whole, its chambers - the Federation Council, the State Duma, the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

1.Informatization of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation

1.1. Informatization of the Federation Council

Informatization of the Federation Council (SF) pursues the following goals:

Improving the efficiency of lawmaking and managerial decision-making;

Improving the interaction of the leadership and members of the Federation Council with state authorities and citizens;

Improving the efficiency of the SF Staff.

The automated information system of the Federation Council (AIS SF) performs the following functions:

Information support for the activities of members of the Federation Council, committees, commissions and divisions of the Administration;

Formation and maintenance of information funds;

Informational interaction of members of the Federation Council, committees, commissions and divisions of the apparatus, both among themselves and with external subscribers;

Organization of the passage of legislative acts and bills;

Analytical support for the activities of the Federation Council;

Collective preparation and decision making;

Organization of document flow and office work;

Reactionary publishing activities;

Organization of access for AIS SF users to information funds and databases of the Federation Council, government bodies and organizations of the Russian Federation, CIS states and foreign countries;

Technological support for meetings of the Federation Council in large and small halls;

Information support for the Trips of the Federation Council delegations and individual members of the Federation Council, as well as for visiting events of the Federation Council.

The system consists of functional and supporting parts. The basis of the information support of the system is made up of data points, electronic directories, which form the so-called information fund of the Federation Council (IF).

In the structure of IF, three levels of information processing are conventionally distinguished:

Upper, including centralized information resources of general purpose, ensuring the solution of the tasks of the upper house of parliament as a whole and its individual subdivisions;

Local, ensuring the performance of the functions of structural divisions of the Federation Council;

Individual - for staff members.

Databases can be classified by affiliation and content. According to the content of information, they are classified into legal, economic and statistical balls, reference and analytical and within parliamentary.

Legal databases are formed in the relevant divisions of the Federation Council and its Office, as well as as a result of information interaction with the State Duma, the Presidential Administration, the Government Office and the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation.

The database of economic and statistical information is formed and updated with the established frequency by the Federal State Statistics Service, CIS bodies, a division of the FAS, the Central Bank of Russia and other organizations.

Reference and analytical databases contain information materials of users and data coming from the Federal State Statistics Service, information and analytical services of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation, federal ministries, FAS, scientific institutions, periodicals, as well as from regional centers and constituencies.

Inside parliamentary databases are represented by two groups - information and service. The first, generated by information services and individual users, contain information about the documents developed and adopted by the Federation Council, verbatim materials of the discussion of issues in committees, commissions, at meetings, information about members of the Federation Council, about the composition and work plans of committees, commissions, personnel data, as well as directories of addresses, phone numbers, etc.

Service databases include dictionary information that provides automated input and processing of information (classifiers, codifiers, rubricators, descriptions of information blocks, etc.).

Composition and structure of AIS SF:

Information and reference center;

Information and Communication Center;

Information and Analytical Center;

Situational Center;

Technological automated information system of document flow and office work;

Information systems of subdivisions established in committees, commissions, the reception office of the Federation Council and in subdivisions of the Administration;

System for processing and storing classified information;

Electronic management offices;

Electronic offices of members of the Federation Council;

Mobile information systems;

The system of technological support for meetings of the Federation Council;

AIS administration and information security system;

Technological system of tracking and development of AIS;

Training center for members of the Federation Council and staff of the Office.

AIS SF belongs to the class of territorial information systems of national importance.

There is a special catalog of information and communication resources, which lists the databases used by the Federation Council.

The answer to simple inquiries (for example, information about a member of the Federation Council of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation) is provided immediately, including by phone.

The answer to complex queries requiring information and analytical work is provided upon receipt of data from the relevant departments.

To promptly inform committees, commissions, the leadership of the Federation Council and structural divisions of the Apparatus about events in the country and in the world, reports are issued on a systematic basis. The Federation Council has its own website, as well as a website created in 1998 (http://www.council.gov.ru). Access to the websites of other government bodies of the Russian Federation is possible through the portal http://www.gov.ru.

Telecommunication communication of the Federation Council with the regions of Russia is provided using the FAS Mail system.

For inter-parliamentary exchange with the Commonwealth states, mainly domestic Russian information networks are used, for example, Mail (Administration of the President of the Russian Federation), Dionysus (State Duma), Atlas (FAS). Information exchange with the parliaments of non-CIS states is carried out via the Internet.

There is a network based on the Russian Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Russian Federation, the Institute for Scientific Information in Social Sciences (INION), and the Institute for Social and Political Research (ISPI).

The list of organizations cooperating with the Council of Federation Administration includes:

Scientific and technical center Informregistr;

Scientific Center for Legal Information under the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation;

GUISFAS;

Institute of Geography RAS;

Central Institute of Military-Technical Information of the RF Ministry of Defense;

Institute of Economics RAS;

Institute of Control Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences;

Institute of Informatization of Society and Development of Science (INFO-RAS).

In addition, agreements have been concluded on information interaction with the offices of the legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Federation.

Along with the main centers supplying the Federation Council with information and analytical information, the external network also includes organizations that provide information support in narrow areas. Established telecommunication access to the databases of the following organizations:

Work description

The state is a complex system of an organizational type, which, depending on the goals of scientific research, can be considered and analyzed from various angles: form of government, political regime, structure of the state.

Public administration is expressed in the implementation of external and internal functions of the state through its organizational structures. The composition of the organizational structures of the state apparatus is formed by: representative, legislative, executive and administrative, judicial bodies, prosecutors and state control bodies. There are a number of doctrines of unity of power.

1. Informatization of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation …………… ... ……………… ..4

1.1 Informatization of the Federation Council ……… ... …………………………… 4

1.2 Informatization of the State Duma ……………………… .......… .11

Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………… 14

List of used literature ……………… ... …………………………… 15

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COURSEWORK

Informationsecurityorgansexecutiveauthorities

Introduction

information executive

Relevance of the research topic. Information potential that meets the strictest standards of scientific and technological progress is a prerequisite for building a rule-of-law state, creating a democratic and effective system for managing the country's affairs, forming an advanced socially oriented economy, raising a nation, education, and culture.

High intellectual technologies in the field of informatization are turning into a strong factor that actively influences the development of mankind. The proper state of the information business increases the level of legal protection of a person. New technologies contribute to the expansion of direct and feedback links between the state and civil society.

The state is the core of the political system. The effectiveness of public administration is in many respects the effectiveness of the adoption and implementation of managerial (primarily political) decisions based on the effectiveness of the use of modern information and communication technologies. The state is the bearer, owner, administrator of power. Receiving, analyzing, issuing and effective use of information is the most important condition for the functioning of power. According to various estimates of specialists, managers spend from 30 to 80-95% of their time working with information, which is quite natural, since the availability of timely and reliable information and its timely transmission are the most important prerequisites for ensuring effective management.

The management function of information manifests itself most noticeably in the state. Here information appears in several forms: as a source of power, as a factor in the regulation of political systems and processes, as a moment of political control and as a product of the administrative process.

Purpose of work? research of theoretical issues in the field of information support for executive authorities.

To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set:

Describe the subject of the research area;

Explore the essence, meaning and features of information support;

Uncover information technology technologies;

To identify the problems of the formation of the information system of the executive authorities;

? outline ways to improve the information system.

Object of study? information support of the authorities.

Subject of study? fundamentals of information support for executive authorities of the Russian Federation.

The chronological framework of the study covers the period from the end of the twentieth century to the present day.

The theoretical basis of the course research is the work of such specialists as Anokhin M.G., Atamanchuk, G.V., Boer V.M., Koshelyuk M.E., Laschuk, O.R., Pavlyutenkova M.Yu., Ponomarev N .F., Tikhomirov M.M., Tikhomirov Yu.A., Khramtsovskaya N.A., Chubukova S.G., Elkin V.D. and etc.

The structure of the work is determined by the goals and objectives of the study.

1 . Information support of authorities

1.1 Description of the subject area

The information circulating in the political and administrative system, government bodies, is heterogeneous and diverse. It has its own nature and special forms. A new term "state information" has appeared in the scientific literature. Such a formulation can refer to the description of the foreign policy, economic, socio-political and environmental situation, the dynamics of certain processes in the state and society.

As a scientific category, information in management processes can be characterized by a number of features (properties), which include: a certain independence; possibility of repeated use; saving with the transmitting or receiving subject; suitability for processing, integration and "compression" of the volume by eliminating duplicate, parallel information; admissibility of computer processing; consistency, communication, etc.

Information of all types has an independent value, serves as the basis for regulatory documents both at the federal and regional levels. It has its own specific patterns of functioning and development, is capable of anticipatory influence on public policy, acts as the direct reason that determines the choice of one or another option for political development, the behavior of various social groups and individual citizens, the transfer of the state system to a new state.

The events of recent years in Russia have convincingly shown that the absence of a reliable information support system is a source of random, unreasonable, erroneous decisions and actions incompatible with the goals and objectives of political and administrative management. And the point here is not only the incompleteness, inaccuracy or inoperativeness of the information. One of the main reasons for its poor use is the absence of a modern real system of information support on a national scale.

Political and administrative decisions that turn out to be incorrect are most often the result of a lack of objective information, and not just a lack of competence or ineffective use of that available information. which got into the official information channels.

The qualitative renewal of the state brings to the fore the solution of the global problem - the formation in Russia of a single information and legal space, ensuring the awareness of all structures of society and each citizen individually. The creation of a nationwide geographically distributed information and legal system will rationally and effectively solve the problem of information interaction between public authorities, which in turn will increase the efficiency, the degree of validity and correctness of decisions made to regulate various issues, primarily in the socio-political sphere. Information processes in the life of the state should not be reduced to the functioning of the mass media as a "fourth estate", identifying their activities with political communication.

Information and related information support processes are currently becoming the main condition for the functioning of the political and administrative system and decision-making at any level. This is confirmed by the emergence and deep penetration into all social institutions and, first of all, into government bodies, of new information technologies (NIT) of management. "New" in this case means fundamentally different from those used previously.

The abovementioned with sufficient completeness characterizes the complexity of the position of a statesman, a politician, who makes a decision, which is also aggravated by the need to shorten the time for analyzing the situation. A situation may arise where making an informed decision becomes physically impossible due to time constraints. If a state-level official, a politician seeks to base his decision on the results of processing the maximum amount of information and assessing the maximum possible number of alternatives, then he does not have enough time to implement the decision. If he does not reserve enough time for this, then he is forced to limit himself to processing an incomplete amount of data or to consider not all possible alternatives. In any case, the quality of the decision made may suffer. Since the volume and complexity of the composition of information processed in the decision-making process. the percentage of the risk of making insufficiently substantiated, unfinished, suboptimal political decisions that have serious consequences for the state is steadily increasing, and the percentage of risk is also increasing.

Information in modern society is the most important source of power. Receiving, analyzing, issuing and effective use of information is a necessary condition for the functioning of the government. The state, being the central institution of power, actively uses information relations: information connects the state and civil society.

Information in public authorities can be classified according to various grounds and characteristics. For example, it can be divided into official and unofficial, generally valid and regional, horizontal and vertical, in terms of content and purpose, possible social consequences, degree of accessibility, and also on the basis of its correlation with time (information about the past, in real time, forecasts for the future).

Within the framework of the political and administrative system, it is considered from the point of view of relevance, sufficiency and adequacy for making appropriate decisions.

When dividing information according to distribution objects within a state body, the priority is given to information for the head or management (or emanating from them), then - for officials. At the same time, it is advisable to receive or send information that deserves special attention to various sources independent of each other in order to ensure greater objectivity of the analysis, assessment, and forecast.

Information system is a technological system that represents the compatibility of technical, software and other means that combine structurally and functionally several types of information processes, and provides information services. In accordance with Art. 2 of the Law on Information "information system is a set of information contained in databases and information technologies and technical means ensuring its processing."

Information system signs:

1. Performing one, several functions in relation to information.

2. Unity of the system (availability: common file base, unified standards and protocols, unified management).

3. Possibility of composition and decomposition of system objects when performing specified functions (excerpts from laws in the "Guarantor", bookmarks - all in one file).

Basic requirements for the information system:

1) efficiency;

2) quality of functioning: accuracy; security; consistency with standards;

3) reliability - those thresholds when the system fails: by the quality of information;

by access time; by performance;

4) safety.

At present, in Russia, public authorities are creating their own sites, the structure of which includes, among other things, special sections designed for feedback and prompt exchange of information with visitors. For example, the website of the Ministry of Justice of Russia - www.minjust.ru - contains in its structure a "Question to the Minister", which is a form of an open letter to the Minister of Justice sent by e-mail. The response of the Minister of Justice is sent to the address of the applicant, and in his absence is posted on the website of the Ministry.

1.2 Essence, meaning and features of information support

The purpose of information support for public authorities is to obtain processed, aggregated information on the basis of the collected initial data, which should serve as the basis for making political and administrative decisions. Achieving this goal consists of solving a number of particular tasks: collecting primary information, storing it, distributing it between the structural divisions of the state body and their employees, preparing for processing, processing itself, providing the management body in a revised form, analyzing, providing direct and feedback in its circulation, etc. With modern information flows, the effective solution of these problems is hardly possible without the use of computer technology and new information technologies.

The use of computer technologies is associated with the optimization of information support for public authorities. The effectiveness of decisions made by public authorities depends on the quality of information, means and methods of its processing. In this case, "more" information does not always mean "better": redundant information can also complicate decision-making, as well as its lack. Therefore, one of the most important problems of information support for state bodies is to determine the adequacy of information support.

Information support for public authorities is based on certain principles. The most important of them is the following: the volume and channels of information coming to a government body should be determined by the functions assigned to this body. No less important is the delineation of competence between various structures of state power and the organization of their interaction. The specifics of the current period of development of Russian society, a radical transformation of public administration, a change in the sphere of state regulation entail a modification of both flows and volumes of incoming information, which is consistent with the competence principle of information support in public administration. The nature and volume of information received by public authorities should correspond to the functions that are entrusted to this body. Ensuring this compliance is a prerequisite for the effectiveness of public administration.

The peculiarity of the current moment, which is characterized by the instability of both the system of government bodies and their functions, significantly reduces the efficiency of work on information support for executive bodies, which in turn negatively affects the process of making political and administrative decisions. Nevertheless, taking into account the trends in the transformation of the system of executive authorities, their structure and functions, it is possible to determine the general scheme of information support for public authorities and the direction of its development - both in general and depending on the level of the public authority.

The processes currently typical for the sphere of public administration and influencing the organization of information support include the following:

Decentralization of management - the redistribution of powers between central and regional government bodies in favor of subordinate bodies;

Transition from administrative to predominantly economic management methods;

Cutting off operational functions from federal executive bodies and retaining for them the solution of strategic problems (many powers of ministries and departments are transferred to the level of enterprises, associations, joint stock companies);

Orientation of the new management system towards management through the interest of the governed, towards expanding the scope of coordination methods, as well as a fundamental change in the role of the contract in public administration;

Functional restructuring, concerning not only the optimization of functions, but also their content (planning, forecasting, control, etc.).

The information obligations of the state to citizens are increasing. The information collected at the expense of taxpayers should be available to them. So, in order to ensure the implementation of the rights of citizens and organizations to access information on the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal executive bodies, on February 12, 2003, the Government of the Russian Federation adopted Resolution No. 98 "On ensuring access to information on the activities of the Government of the Russian Federation and federal executive bodies" ... According to clause 2 of this Resolution, federal executive bodies must:

1) ensure access of citizens and organizations to information on the activities of federal executive bodies, with the exception of information classified as information with limited access, by creating information resources in accordance with the list approved by this Resolution;

2) timely and regularly place the specified information resources in public information systems, including the Internet;

3) systematically inform citizens and organizations about the activities of federal executive bodies in other ways provided for by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

The executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies are recommended to take measures to ensure access of citizens and organizations to information about their activities, taking into account the provisions of the said Resolution.

It should be noted that the Russian Government Internet Network (hereinafter referred to as the RGIN network) was created on the basis of the Internet domain GOV.RU, which is a set of geographically distributed networks and access servers belonging to organizations with the status body of state power of the Russian Federation. The hierarchically structured RGIN network provides users with access to the information space of the Internet community and places on its servers only official materials related to the activities of the state authorities of the Russian Federation. At present, the official Russia server of the RF government bodies contains only general information about both federal and regional government bodies. More detailed information can be obtained using links to the official websites of the indicated state authorities.

For example, the official website of the executive bodies of state power of the Kamchatka Territory is located on the Internet at the address: "http://www.kamchatka.gov.ru".

The main tasks of the site are:

Ensuring information transparency of the activities of the Governor of the Kamchatka Territory, the Government of the Kamchatka Territory and other executive bodies of state power of the Kamchatka Territory, the availability of open state information resources for Internet users in order to increase the efficiency of existing mechanisms for exercising public control over the activities of the Governor of the Kamchatka Territory, the Government of the Kamchatka Territory and other executive government bodies of the Kamchatka Territory;

Providing prompt information to the Russian and international community about the socio-political, socio-economic and cultural-moral processes taking place in the Kamchatka Territory in order to form a positive image of the region, increase its investment attractiveness;

Information support of measures for the implementation of administrative reform in the Kamchatka Territory;

Information support of anti-corruption measures in the Kamchatka Territory.

Also, there is an Internet reception of the Governor of the Kamchatka Territory
and the Government of the Kamchatka Territory.

The procedure for receiving and considering applications to the Governor of the Kamchatka Territory in electronic form is as follows.

1. The official website of the Government of the Kamchatka Territory is a means of realizing the constitutional right of citizens to apply to the Governor of the Kamchatka Territory.

2. Applications sent in electronic form through the official website of the Government of the Kamchatka Territory are sent to the department for work with citizens of the Ministry of Public Relations of the Kamchatka Territory and in accordance with the Federal Law of May 2, 2006 No. 59-FZ "On the procedure for considering appeals of citizens of the Russian Federation" and are considered in the manner prescribed by the specified law.

3. The answer is sent by regular mail to the mailing address indicated in the appeal.

4. The length of the text of an electronic appeal should not exceed 10 thousand characters. An electronic appeal should not contain attached files. Letters containing long texts, copies of documents, photographs and other acceptable attachments should be sent by regular mail to the address.

The planned activities for the provision of information on public services and in electronic form are presented in the Appendix.

Thus, the amount of information posted and the navigation system require significant improvements.

Currently, a significant part of state information resources does not provide for any kind of interactivity. The reason for this is the lack of administrative resources even to support the forum (for example, the portal of the Ministry of Labor of Russia (www.mintrud.ru), which is conceived as the country's main information resource dedicated to the social and labor sphere). At the same time, there are official sites, for example, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation (http://www.supcourt.ru), the Supreme Arbitration Court of the Russian Federation (http://www.arbitr.ru), the Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation (http: //www.minjust .ru) and others that support interactive conferences containing links to various government bodies, specialized servers according to legislation. Particularly valuable is the presence in the structure of these sites, among other special sections designed for feedback and prompt exchange of information with visitors.

It should be noted that the level of interaction between the judiciary and the media, including the Internet, does not yet meet the needs of society: "... a wary and sometimes conflicting relationship is developing." On the one hand, this is explained by the position of the courts, which are prone to informational secrecy, and on the other, by the presence of surface materials, displacing serious materials focused on the analysis of justice issues, the development of civil circulation. The lack of transparency in the work of the courts for the media and citizens, who are not always able to quickly and easily familiarize themselves with decisions and sentences passed and publicly announced at a court session, violates important constitutional principles of publicity and transparency of justice.

Russia's accession to the Council of Europe imposes obligations on the country related to the achievement of international standards for the exchange of legal information (including judicial information) in electronic form over the Internet. In order to implement the principle of transparency of legal proceedings in European countries, all court proceedings are broadcast on the Internet in real time (live). Anyone can follow the progress of the proceedings through a personal computer. Moreover, the Europeans are actively using this opportunity, especially when it comes to cases that have received a public response. Obviously, there is no need to talk about the speedy implementation of this program in Russia yet. But you need to focus on the level achieved in this direction in the most developed countries.

Thus, taking into account the functional and structural aspects of reforming the system of executive authorities, it is possible to determine trends in the information support of these bodies: the structural aspect of the restructuring of the system of executive authorities inevitably entails a change in the direction of information flows, the functional aspect of the restructuring causes qualitative changes in the incoming information.

Information support is becoming such an essential condition for the functioning of any subject of state power that it makes it possible to talk about the "information status" of subjects as part of their general status. The information status is fixed by the norms of law both at the federal and at the republican levels and includes the content, types and systems of information, rights and obligations in the information sphere, etc. However, today the legal regulation of the information status of public authorities is very insufficient.

1.3 Information technology

Information technology is a complex of objects, actions and rules related to the preparation, processing and delivery of information for personal, mass and industrial communication, as well as all technologies and industries that integrally support the listed processes. New information technologies make it possible to use computer technology and telecommunication means of communication when working with information. The introduction of BIT significantly changes the content of various types of activity, primarily managerial, increases the efficiency of management, brings information support to the processes of making political and administrative decisions in government bodies to a new, higher level.

The procedure for the creation of information technologies is partially regulated by the Law of September 23, 1992 No. 3523-1 "On the legal protection of programs for electronic computers and databases." Ensuring the protection of intellectual property in the field of information technology use is carried out as follows. In the field of public administration, software and hardware tools that have the appropriate licenses are used. Federal government bodies are responsible for the fulfillment of this requirement in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Ensuring the use of licensed software and hardware in the activities of federal government bodies should be carried out on the basis of:

Accelerated development of domestic software and hardware tools and their application in state information systems and resources;

Free distribution of standard solutions developed as part of the creation of state information systems and resources at the expense of the federal budget;

Ensuring openness and the possibility of analyzing the code of the purchased ready-made software of foreign production;

Increasing funding for budget items that provide the possibility of licensed support for software and hardware for the needs of federal government bodies;

Centralization of procurement in the field of licensed software in the interests of federal government bodies;

Inventory of software used in federal government bodies, R&D results developed at the expense of the federal budget in research organizations;

Procurement of licensed software and hardware that meets open standards for interaction.

In order to improve the efficiency of work in this area, the annual report on the use of modern information technologies in the activities of federal government bodies provides for the submission of materials on the scope of the use of licensed software and hardware, as well as on the revealed facts of violation of intellectual property rights.

At the federal level alone (Duma, President, Government, federal departments), up to 35,000 regulatory documents are issued annually. According to the data released at the Meeting of Heads of Legal Services of Federal State Bodies and their Apparatuses, about one and a half million normative acts, including acts of the subjects of the Federation, are currently in force in Russia. The procedure for the mandatory publication of normative acts (Article 15 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and other documents) is violated for various reasons, in fact, no more than 40% of the documents in force are published, and often with a great delay. The rest is sent by mailing only to state bodies, and not all and not to everyone. At the departmental level, there is a tendency to restrict access to their own information for other state bodies and to completely close it for non-state structures. Electronic reference and legal systems (Etalon, Kontur, Kodeks, Garant, ConsultantPlus, there are about 30 of them in Russia), each separately, do not solve the problem of complete, prompt, reliable information retrieval. Existing methods for assessing reference and legal systems indicate spelling and semantic errors in the texts of regulatory legal acts, from 3 to 18 errors per 100 pages of text.

As part of the creation of a single world economy, the foundation of an international information backbone system is being laid, in which, as in a mirror, all the main types of human activity should be reflected, provided that the principle of mutual trust is implemented at the global, state, regional and local levels.

The technology of using the world's information resources, the quantitative and qualitative composition of which changes with the development of information and linguistic technologies, can become a tool or filter for an adequate representation of the types of human activity in the world information backbone system. To obtain the maximum positive effect, the implementation of the principle of mutual trust and the task of identifying risk zones must be combined with the technology of using world information resources.

The information security doctrine of September 9, 2000 included information technologies as the third component (information resources) of national interests in Russia in the information sphere.

In the practice of political and administrative activities, quite often the input information flow is not processed, and all incoming data are considered "significant" information. Hence - the idea of ​​the input stream of information mainly as an "avalanche", not amenable to coverage and comprehension. Moreover, when making decisions, managers are often skillfully presented with “convenient” information that fits well into the current situation, “necessary” information for lobbying the personal interests of a narrow circle of people, incomplete, “desirable” information, as a result of which administrative and political decisions arise. not accepted, not understood and not supported by civil society and even illegitimate. In recent years, Russians have come across such decisions more than once. In order to block the flow of redundant data, it is necessary to determine the information needs of management personnel.

Information demand is a dynamically changing system of indicators. However, in defining it, a reasonable compromise is needed between the breadth of the user's interest and the narrow specialization of his work in performing the functions assigned to it. Unfortunately, in practice, this compromise is not only not achieved, but even the question of whether the manager can make an effective decision using the information presented to him is not even considered.

Additional difficulties in the process of processing management information are introduced by unnecessary structural divisions of the management apparatus, which generate redundant information for internal needs.

At present, the information flow in state structures is characterized by duplication of information, lack of distribution of secondary and priority messages, mismatch in the timing and speed of data receipt, which reduces the degree of their processing. In addition, when processing data in government bodies, when preparing information for an official, there is always a political component, and this factor must also be taken into account when forming the information flow. Limited human capabilities, the lack of confidence of managers in some data (primarily obtained with the help of computers), the deliberate introduction of falsified data into the information flow do not allow in practice to qualitatively process the required amount of data on time.

Thus, the main functions of information technology management in public authorities are seen as follows:

1) providing the decision-maker with reliable and timely information;

2) the implementation of a qualitative transformation of information, i.e. bringing it to the type and volume that a person is able to comprehend;

3) creating conditions under which a leader can make and implement decisions, based simultaneously on objective information and on factors of a subjective nature - personal experience, intuition, motivation, values.

The performance of these functions will optimize the information support of the process of political and administrative management of modern Russia.

1 .4 ANDinformtizationexecutive authorities - wayToeffectivemanagement

The most important factor determining the effectiveness of state power is the level of its information support, the degree of equipment with modern technical, technological and telecommunication systems. The basis of the information support of a public authority is made up of information resources, which are understood as individual documents and individual arrays of documents, documents and arrays of documents in information systems.

Information resources are the central part of information systems. The correspondence of information resources to the needs of government bodies largely determines the effectiveness of the information systems being created. If the purpose of the information system is to provide state bodies or managers with information that ensures the adoption of informed and effective decisions, then information resources provide data that are processed by technological procedures, personnel and converted into information for the preparation and adoption of management decisions.

Information resources of the state are its national treasure. The quantity, quality and availability of information resources already now largely determine the level of development of the state, its status in the world community, affect the position and policy of the state and, undoubtedly, will become a determining factor in political development in the 21st century. In this regard, the development and development of information systems that provide the highest authorities with information resources is of paramount importance.

Among the many options for telecommunication technologies, the Internet has become the undisputed leader in recent years. Today it is the most important element of the information infrastructure of the world community. The Internet is spreading at an explosive rate, pushing out all competitors in the Russian public telecommunications market.

At the same time, the Internet has introduced a new term "computer security" into the lexicon of specialists. The issue of data protection in global computer networks requires a special and careful study, especially when it comes to introducing the Internet into government bodies. This issue also has a political component, since it is directly related to the national security of Russia: after all, information is the most valuable resource of the state.

At the same time, the international computer network Internet today is the most democratic and fastest growing system of access to the electorate. From the point of view of Western and some domestic experts, the Internet will quite realistically become in the next five years the main means of ensuring the openness of government to the general public, which, of course, should be taken into account in real practice. For example, according to experts, in the next elections, American, Canadian and European voters will be able to express their will, without looking up from the keyboard of their personal computer, using "electronic booths" for voting. Both the rate of computerization of vote counting and the rate of development of communications provide very serious grounds for such a forecast.

New technical means and techniques in the political process can be used for conducting public opinion polls with "instant" summing up of their results, for conducting operational political discussions, for organizing referendums, etc. It takes several hours from setting the problem to getting the result. Naturally, such schemes of work require the presence of appropriate computer networks, specialists, very significant financial costs (although they are quite comparable with the past costs of business trips, replication, transportation of sociological bulletins, manual processing of questionnaires, etc.) New computer technologies have received so much popularity, that in modern Western political science they are characterized as a means of universal democratization of society.

In Russian conditions, for several years now, a computer situational analytical center has been operating in the Kremlin residence of the President of Russia, the main task of which is the operational and advanced information support of the head of state about the situation in the country and in the world. The president and the services of his aides are able to use the center to analyze the most important problems and make operational decisions. The new structure is a unique local area network with external sources of information connected to it, allows you to simulate situations and develop managerial decisions of the head of state.

These opportunities open the way for pluralism, broad opportunities for replacing representative democracy with participatory democracy without prejudice to any democratic institution. There is even a special concept of "tele-democracy" to denote this phenomenon. However, it would be rash to unequivocally assess the significance and role of the latest telecommunication means.

For example, in Russia, very critical statements continue in connection with the launch of the State Automated System "Vybory". Many analysts note its "weak points" associated with the probabilistic possibility of electronic manipulation of the election results, the possibility of creating electronic dossiers on all Russian citizens, and thus accuse the state of violating certain rights and freedoms.

Similar problems exist in Western countries as well. At the very beginning of the introduction of "electronic voting", the objectivity and reliability of its results were questioned. On October 28, 1980, after the television debate between R. Reagan and J. Carter, broadcasted to all states of the United States, the ABC television company invited viewers to call certain telephones to find out their opinion on the issue. who will win the upcoming presidential elections. After counting about 727 thousand calls, it turned out that Reagan was almost twice as popular as the challenger Carter.

Disputing in this case the correspondence of the results of the poll of viewers to the actual positions of the electorate in the country as a whole, Carter's advisers pointed to a number of factors that, in their opinion, influenced these results: first. the televised debate was broadcast at a time more convenient for viewers in the western states, where Reagan was more popular; second, it is more difficult to call the studio from cities due to congested telephone lines than from rural areas (there were more Carter supporters in the cities); thirdly, the possibility of several calls from one person was not excluded; fourth, the cost of one phone call was 50 cents, which reduced the desire of the poorest segments of the population, who traditionally voted for Democrats, to participate in the poll. One can only talk about the applicability of such a technology in Russian conditions with a sarcastic grin: for example, the level of telephony in the country (beyond the Urals) reaches 7-15%.

In addition, the technology of two-way political communication allows the organizers of polls to easily operate with the data obtained, the answers themselves are predetermined by the compilers of the programs: the viewer is given the right to choose from a limited number of alternatives, for example, "A", "B" or "C". It should also be taken into account that the “teledemocracy of participation” with the help of cable television can also mean the strengthening of totalitarian tendencies. Taking the form of a kind of plebiscite, it, in fact, oversteps the stage of discussing certain problems on which decisions are made, leaves an individual voter alone with a central computer, which only registers (possibly distorts) his personal opinion.

But progress does not reverse. It is known from foreign experience that the Internet already includes such official state structures as the US Federal Election Commission, the Israeli counting commission MALAM, and the Central Election Commission of the Czech Republic. The US Federal Election Commission is introducing an electronic registration mechanism for voting participants. In addition to registration, an American voter can order and receive on the Internet a form for detaching from his polling station. By the November 1996 presidential elections in the United States, over 250 WWW servers had been created with information on candidates from various parties, and the progress of the elections could be monitored on computer screens.

In Russia, however, comprehensive information could be obtained from numerous independent information servers, both domestic and foreign. Regional and local elections, which have been taking place almost constantly recently, are increasingly being reflected on numerous Russian information, news and political servers, the number of which is growing rapidly. All Duma factions have their own servers, as well as various analytical institutions, centers for the study of public opinion, leading organizations of political analysis and forecasting.

1.5 Problemsthe formationinformationsystemsorgansexecutive power

The problems of using information technologies in the work of analytical services of federal authorities and administration have been especially actively discussed in the last two to three years at meetings, conferences, seminars and trainings for representatives of central and regional analytical services. The development of information and analytical technologies is naturally associated with success and ensuring the sustainability of the course of political, social and economic transformations, but there are problems and risks. The risk of implementation projects is conventionally divided into three groups: organizational, administrative, and psychological.

Organizational risk group includes: insufficient training of users to work with the system; insufficient management of internal communications.

The group of administrative risk can be distinguished: insufficient attention to information technologies and high workload of employees in their core activities.

In a number of psychological risks, we note: low qualification of personnel and resistance from employees, but in addition, within the framework of “resistance from employees” we will single out: unwillingness to learn, fear of employees that their activities will become “transparent”; fear among employees of possible changes due to the detection of zones of non-optimality of their activities; violation of the usual order of relationships; fear of inability to work in the system; reluctance of managers at various levels to switch to a new document flow technology.

Thus, the peculiarity of the current moment, which is characterized by the instability of both the system of government bodies and their functions, significantly reduces the effectiveness of work on information support for executive bodies, which in turn negatively affects the process of making political and administrative decisions.

1.6 Pathsimprovinginformationsystems

Modern Russia, despite political and economic difficulties. it is necessary to actively introduce the Internet into the work of government bodies to connect to world information resources and additional sources of information, participate in information exchange, enter the world information community, progressive development, so as not to waste time in the 21st century, not to be in the tail of civilized countries.

The Internet provides modern politicians with new opportunities compared to mainstream media and communication. It:

Providing access to world databases and information resources. including in real time;

Possibility of communication and free communication with colleagues, like-minded people. the creation of public organizations that do not require any registration and permits, uncontrolled in the network, unobtrusive propaganda of views;

Preparation of an election campaign on the Internet in terms of presenting candidates and communicating with them (direct and feedback with voters);

The ability to pose questions and receive answers from computer respondents, which allows you to form an idea of ​​the electorate, its moods, conducts), monitoring of public opinion;

Implementation of other provisions of technologies for preparing and conducting election campaigns;

Freedom of dissemination of information on the Internet: communication in computer networks is so far the least susceptible to legal regulation, censorship and other types of filtering;

Unlimited possibilities of placing computer information in combination with the advantages of all other media - the spectacularity of TV, the ease of perception of the message inherent in reading newspapers, the ability to communicate in an interactive mode, like by radio or telephone.

Thus, the presence of a developed information infrastructure that integrates all levels of government and administration, the use of effective means of collecting, systematizing, classifying, transferring and storing large amounts of information, modern technologies for obtaining and processing data, analyzing and modeling them is a condition and indicator of the effectiveness of political -administrative management.

So, information and communication in state governance, political technologies are not only an actual theoretical problem. Technologies are not omnipotent, but it is their competent, qualified use that makes it possible to change the world, influence the political process, fight the subjects of politics for the realization of their interests and achieve their goals.

2 . Create a presentation in the editorMSPowerPoint

Ms Power Point is a program for creating presentations (slideshows). PowerPoint is one of the MS Office programs. Launching the program:

1. Click on the Start button

2. In the menu that appears, select the Programs item.

3. On the next menu, click on Microsoft Office.

Any presentation is based on a set of slides. Slide content: text, graphics (drawings, pictures), video, soundtrack, animation, autoshapes, diagram, etc. Power Point provides many predefined designs and content templates.

Rice. 1. - Power Point Window

After starting Power Point, a presentation window appears with the first title slide; on the right in the task pane of the application you can see the Create Presentation window shown in Fig. 1. If the creation window is not displayed, then go to the Format menu, select the Appearance command. This window allows you to choose how the document is created.

Creation of a presentation on the topic of the course work "Information support of executive authorities". Launch Power Point. Create 10 slides. Insert - create slide. Set slide layout. Format - Slide layout.

1 slide - title, subsequent slides - title and text.

Background. On the 1st and subsequent slides, let's make the background color. Format-background-other colors.

Design layouts (templates). For this:

1. Format-design of the slide.

2. A dialog box with a list of templates has appeared on the right.

Rice. 2. The Templates dialog box

Move the cursor to the icon of the template you like, an arrow will appear next to the icon, which opens the submenu, select in the drop-down list - Apply to selected slides. Thus, this template will only be applied to one slide. If you need to design all slides in the same type, then you need to select the item - Apply to all slides. The template will be applied to the slide in the presentation window.

Insert pictures on the slides. Inserts - picture-pictures. (from file).

Rice. 3. Adding an autoshape

In the Drawing toolbar, open the AutoShapes submenu - and select any AutoShapes. Change the color of their fill, contours, line type of contours, shadow, volume.

Setting up animation. Animated slide change.

Choose Slide Show - Change Slides. A dialog box appeared on the right, where the necessary parameters are set and the animation effect is selected when changing slides.

Set the slide change effect you like, set the slide change to automatic, speed to medium. Apply to all slides.

Demonstration of a slide film. To view the presentation, go to Slide Show-Start Show or F5.

Save your presentation. Save as presentation. File-save as the topic of the course work "Information support of executive authorities."

Conclusion

Delivered in the course work we have completed the task, the goal has been achieved. Recently, the country's leadership has increasingly insisted on seeing at least some real fruits of multi-year billion-dollar investments in programs for building "electronic government". Judging by the latest news, the illusion is still alive that the problems lie mainly in the technical plane. At the end of 2010, the Government will have to make sure once again that no amount of computer technology and high-speed communication lines will give anything without solving legal and organizational problems, primarily related to the organization of legally significant electronic document flow. If you think about it, then in its practical implementation, "electronic government" is 95% electronic document circulation, since (with the exception of only the simplest cases of informing) both state administration and the interaction of the state with citizens and commercial organizations are not carried out on the basis of "simple" information, but through the exchange of documented information, i.e. documents.

For citizens and organizations to agree to communicate with the state via the Internet, they must be sure that all their rights will be electronically documented as reliably as on paper. The state bodies themselves must be sure of the integrity and authenticity of electronic documents submitted by citizens and organizations. The truly effective e-government can only be used when there is a legislative basis for the creation and use of electronic documents in business (as well as for their subsequent long-term archival storage).

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