Which satellites running the Internet. Satellite Internet: Major Pros and Cons

Access options

There are two ways to exchange data through a satellite:

one-way (one-way), sometimes called asymmetric - when a satellite channel is used for receiving data, and for transmission - available ground channels.
two-sided (Two-Way), sometimes called "symmetric" - when and for reception, and satellite channels are used for transmission.

Two-way satellite Internet

VSAT technology received the most widespread.

Two-way satellite Internet involves receiving data from the satellite and send them back also through the satellite. This method is very high-quality, as it allows you to achieve high speeds when transmitting and shipped, but it is quite expensive and requires obtaining a solution for radio transmitting equipment (however, the last provider often takes on itself). The high cost of bilateral Internet turns out to be fully justified due to the first place much more reliable communication. Unlike one-sided access, bilateral satellite Internet does not need any additional resources (not counting the power supply, of course).

A feature of the "bilateral" satellite Internet access is quite a large delay on the communication channel. While the signal comes from the subscriber to the satellite and from the satellite to the central station of satellite communications - about 250 ms will take place. The same need for a trip back. Plus the inevitable signal delays on the processing and to go through the Internet. As a result, the ping time on a bilateral satellite channel is about 600 ms and more. This imposes some specifics to the operation of applications through satellite Internet and is especially sad for avid gamers.

Another feature is that the equipment of various manufacturers is almost incompatible with each other. That is, if you have chosen one operator running on a specific type of equipment (for example, Viasat, Hughes, Gilat (Skyedge), EMS, SHIRON, etc.), then you can only go to the operator using the same equipment. An attempt to implement the compatibility of equipment of various manufacturers (DVB-RCS standard) was supported by a very small number of companies, and today is more likely one of the "private" technologies than the generally accepted standard.

Equipment for bilateral satellite Internet

The receiving antenna (significantly different from the "receiving" satellite antennas - primarily the requirements for the accuracy of manufacturing, mechanical strength and ability to withstand the installation of a sufficiently heavy emitter and high-frequency block, so it is noticeably heavier and more expensive). The KU-range is most often used for which antennas with a diameter of 1.2 - 1.8 meters are required (the amount is determined by the requirements not only for reception, but also to transmission). In a few years, the emergence of bilateral satellite Internet services in Russia, using a promising Ka-range, where the use of smaller diameter antennas is possible.

High-frequency equipment - the BUC transmitting unit (BLOCK-UP Converter) and the LNB receiving unit (LOW-Noise Block) is installed on the irradiator of the antenna. In Russia, the power of the used transmitter (BUC) is limited to 2 watts, otherwise the resolution procedure becomes sharply and increases. As a rule, BUC and LNB are universal, that is, not attached to the satellite terminal. However, some manufacturers, such as hughes, use their BUC and LNB, not compatible with the equipment of other manufacturers.

Satellite terminal is the main device of "bilateral" satellite access. Provides reception and transmission of a satellite signal, interaction with the central node of the satellite Internet operator and transmitting traffic to the local user network. As a rule, to connect the user used ethernet interface 10 / 100Base-T. The terminal can be connected to both one computer and a whole the local networkFor which access to satellite Internet will be available. Settings from the user at the same time are minimal and no different from any other connection over the local network.

One-satellite Internet

One-way satellite Internet involves the user who has a user-to-existing way to connect to the Internet. As a rule, it is a slow and / or expensive channel (GPRS / EDGE, ADSL connection where the Internet access services are poorly limited in speed, etc.). Only requests on the Internet are transmitted through this channel. These requests come to the unilateral satellite service provider (provider) assembly (various VPN connection or traffic proxy technologies are used), and the data obtained in response to these requests is transmitted to the user through a broadband satellite channel. Since most users mainly receive data from the Internet, this technology allows you to get more speed and cheaper traffic than slow and expensive ground connections. The volume of outgoing traffic on the ground channel (and therefore the costs of it) becomes quite modest (the ratio of the outgoing / incoming - from about 1/10 during web surfing, from 1/100 and better when downloading files).

Naturally, use one-way satellite Internet makes sense when available land channels are too expensive and / or slow. If there is a cheap and fast "ground" Internet - satellite internet makes sense as a backup connection option, in case of disappearing or bad work "Ground".

Equipment for one-way satellite Internet

Satellite board (DVB card) for receiving a signal in the DVB-S or DVB-S2 standard. Maybe C. interface PCI, PCI-E or USB, the selection depends on what you are more convenient to connect to the computer. It is better to use DVB-S2 support cards because all more operators go to this standard;
Satellite antenna ("Plate"), the same as for receiving satellite TV, usually enough antenna with a diameter of 90 cm (but check the size of the provider size specifically for your area).
The converter amplifier installed on the antenna (as a rule, the "Universal KU-Range Universal Converter", which works with linear polarization, but some providers operate in circular polarization, it is also possible to use the C-band - check on the provider's website).

DVB map.

DVB Map (PCI) TT-BUDGET S-1401

Satellite Internet core. Processing the data obtained from the satellite and the selection useful information. There are many different types of cards, but the most famous map of the SkyStar family are most famous. The main differences in the DVB -Cart today is the maximum data flow rate. Also, the characteristics include the possibility of hardware decoding of the signal, software support for the product.

Antenna

There are two types of satellite antennas:

offset;
straight.

Straight antennas are a "saucer" with a cross section in the form of a circle; The receiver is located directly opposite its center. They are more complicated by offset in the setup and require a lift to the angle of the satellite, which can "collect" atmospheric precipitates. Offset antenna due to the displacement of the focus "plates" (points of the maximum signal) are installed almost vertically, and therefore easier to maintain. The antenna diameter is selected in accordance with the meteo conditions and the signal level of the required satellite.

Converter (LNB)

The converter acts as a primary converter that converts a microwave signal from the satellite into an intermediate frequency signal. Currently, most converters are adapted to prolonged exposures of moisture and UV rays. When choosing a converter, basically, you should pay attention to the noise coefficient. For normal operation, you should choose converters with the value of this parameter in the range of 0.25 - 0.30.

Software

There are two complementary approaches to the implementation of software for satellite Internet.

In the first case, the DVB card is used as standard network device (but working only on the reception), and a VPN-tunnel is used to transmit (many providers use PPTP (" Windows VPN."), Or OpenVPN to choose a client, in some cases IPIP tunnel is used), there are other options. In this case, the control packet headers is disabled. A requesting package goes to the tunnel interface, and the answer comes from the satellite (if you do not disable heading control, the system will calculate the package erroneous (in the case of Windows - not so)). This approach allows you to use any applications, but has a greater delay. Most satellite providers available in the CIS (ITELSAT), RADUGA-Internet, Spectrumsat) support this method.
The second option (sometimes used together with the first): Using a special client software, which by knowledge of the protocol structure allows you to speed up receiving data (for example, a web page is requested, the server of the provider looks at it and immediately, without waiting for the request, sends and pictures from this Pages, considering that the client will ask them anyway; the client part caches such answers and returns them immediately). That software The client usually works as HTTP and SOCKS proxy. Examples: Globax (Spacegate + Other on request), Sprint (RADUGA), SLONAX (SATGATE, IOSAT).

In both cases, it is possible to "share" traffic on the network (in the first case, sometimes you can even have several different satellite provider subscriptions and divide the plate due to a special setting of the machine with a plate (Linux or FreeBSD is required, third-party software is required).

Some providers (SkyDSL) in obligatory Using their software (performing the role and tunnel, proxy), often performing client shaping and does not allow to share satellite Internet between users (also not allowing the opportunity to use as an OS other than Windows).

Advantages and disadvantages

The following advantages of satellite Internet can be distinguished:

the cost of traffic at the clock of the lowest load capacity
independence from terrestrial communication lines (when using GPRS or Wi-Fi as a request channel)
large final speed (reception)
ability to view satellite TV and "fishing from a satellite"
the possibility of free choice of the provider
when working through some operators, you will not have a Russian IP address (SPACEGATE - Ukrainian, Skydsl - German) resulting in commercial services that filter the IP addresses of historically insolvent countries and countries with a bad reputation (theft of credit cards, cyberatosy, hacking and Theapp), among whom Russia enters, will work correctly and without a proxy. Mostly characteristic of porn industry and e-commerce. There may be reverse difficulty with services focused on a specific country (for example, access to only from the Russian Federation).

Disadvantages:

need to buy special equipment
the complexity of the installation and configuration
in general, lower reliability compared to ground connection (greater number of components required for uninterrupted operation)
the presence of restrictions (direct satellite visibility) by installing antenna
high ping (delay between the reference of the request and the arrival of the answer). In some situations it is critical. For example, when working in the interactive mode, Secure Shell and X11 as well as in many multi-user online systems (the same SecondLife can not work through the satellite, shooter Counter Strike., Call of Duty - works with problems, etc.)
if there are at least pseudo-season tariff plans (like "2000 rubles for 40 GB for 512 kbps next - anlim but 32 kbit / c" - TP Active Mega, Er-Telecom, Omsk) Ground Internet is already becoming cheaper. With the further development of the cable infrastructure, the cost of ground traffic will strive for zero, while the cost of satellite traffic is rigidly limited by the cost of launching the satellite and its reduction is not planned.

Links

Information and articles about satellite Internet, equipment for him and providers.
Getting permission to use equipment of the two-way satellite system
Instructions for network settings, basic, satellite Internet providers
Instructions for adjusting the antenna to the satellite on your own.
How to configure satellite internet using TUNER4PC for Spacegate Provider?

Internet access (data transmission technology)
Wired	xDSL Docsis Ethernet FTTX PON Switable Access ISDN LEP Communication
Wireless	Wi-Fi IBURST DECT WIBRO / WIMAX UMTS-TDD HSPA EV-DO Satellite LTE Wireless USB GPRS Edge Wigig

Broadcasting Access


Fixed (wired)

But now the cost has decreased significantly. This is especially true for home Internet from MTS.

Worldwide web access is carried out using traditional satellite antenna and special equipment. To do this, use the receiver, as well as a computer directly.

Features of satellite internet

There are several technologies used for satellite Internet:

One-sided Internet. Most often, access to the network is provided with one-sided or asynchronous access. In this case, the signals are divided into inbound and outgoing. The user receives information from the Internet using a satellite, and sends through ground networks or mobile communications. The data goes to the service provider equipment and only then transmitted to the satellite. Access speed When using this technology - 5000 kbps.

Double-sided access. As you can guess from the name, in this case, with the help of the satellite, there is a full amount of data. That is, the information is obtained and sent only when using the satellite channel. Such technology provides high speed and excellent communication quality.

Both technologies have their strengths and weaknesses.

Benefits of satellite Internet

Satellite Internet has a number of advantages:

Speed. Both technologies are able to provide high-speed Internet access. To do this, you need to purchase the appropriate equipment.

Independence. Double-sided Internet is completely autonomy. To exchange information, there is no need to lay cable products. It is enough to have a satellite and additional equipment.

Installation speed. To connect, there is no need to wait until the master finds the time to carry out the cable laying. Satellite configuration does not take much time.

Safety. When exchanging information through a satellite, the risk of data interception and unauthorized access is reduced to zero.

Application area. Satellite Internet can be installed in any terrain, even deaf, where there is no opportunity to use traditional access.

Satellite Internet allows you to remain in touch with the outside world anywhere in the planet. Technology is fully compatible with all the existing platforms.

Disadvantages of satellite internet

Despite the abundance of strengths, this method of connection is not deprived of the shortcomings. These include:

Weather. With the worsening of weather conditions, the signal quality is most often deteriorating. That is, the data rate affects the thunderstorm, rain, low cloudiness and other external factors.

Price. Double-sided Internet access has a high cost. Despite the fact that technologies have been for several decades, the cost remains for many too overestimated. Asynchronous access is much more affordable.

Installation. When installing, it is important that the plate is directed strictly to the satellite. That is, for full-fledged work it is necessary to take care of direct visibility.

Delay. Because there is a huge distance between the satellite in orbit and the user plate, there is a delay in receiving the signal. However, it is insignificant, but can deliver inconvenience especially when the information needs to be obtained urgently.

Also when accessing the World Wide Web, many are faced with a situation where the IP address does not correspond to the country of residence of the user.

You can specify the ability to connect the satellite Internet at a specific address using the site: MTS.Guru, where the user's location in a certain column is entered into a certain column. To determine, it is enough to enter your address. The system itself will analyze the information and give it to the screen.

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In modern times, more and more people are connected to the Internet every day. World computer network - This is a whole world of different information. Moreover, today the Internet has already ceased to be just a guide into the world of information. People now use it as communication, work, watch movies, listen to music, play online games and much more.

Naturally, everyone wants to pay for this pleasure as little as possible. Satellite Internet Appeared relatively recently.

If we compare with time when people used only landline phone To access the network. Satellite Internet allows you to get plenty of advantages over the rest.

· First of all, this high speed of reception and data transfer. This speed can reach 5 megabits per second. No other modem can offer you this.

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· Despite the fact that you have to install a plate, work, satellite Internet is much more profitable in price. This applies to both tariff plans and purchase and installation of equipment.

· A huge number of various tariff plans. Every amateur sit on the Internet can choose a suitable tariff. Those who spend a lot of time at the computer will be happy to connect unlimited Internet, eg. Calculated for all and all: for business, simple usersFor those who go to the network on certain days.

· A very significant advantage of satellite Internet is its availability. This will especially please the residents of the localities remote from the city: settlements, villages and so on. How nice a person will calmly sit on the Internet in his country house, having no problems with the transfer rate and data reception.

· This species Communication is the most reliable. No problems with a break and breakdown of the cable, debt on the phone. Only reliable and stable Internet.

In the form of a small bonus, satellite Internet also offers the ability to view television channels. Moreover, the channels in excellent quality, as well as quite popular and interesting. With a possible recording of them on a computer.

Now you can clearly see all the benefits of satellite Internet. Considering what opportunities now the World Powtipe has such a type of communication becomes simply on the weight of gold.

Wide demand for the Internet stimulates the development of various data transfer technologies. One of them is the broadcast of the signal through satellite antennas. This technology It has many positive properties, but it also has a number of flaws.

Features of satellite data exchange technologies

Satellite communication may be one-sided (receiving data on satellite canal, and transfer - alternatively) or double-sided (take and transmit via satellite). Most often use double-satellite Internet with VSAT technology. The set of equipment is quite expensive, it includes a transceiver antenna, high-frequency receiving and transmitting blocks, a satellite terminal to which a computer or a local network connects.

The signal transmission can be carried out in 3 main bands - C, KU, KA. Range C is rarely used, as a rule, for one-sided data transmission. Antennas running in this range must be big size with powerful transmitters. The provision of bilateral Internet services is most often in the KU band. Its coverage area is quite wide, antennas from 0.8 to 1.8 meters, power transmitters compact and relatively inexpensive. The design of new satellites with the "zone rays" has become more active than the range of the Range. Standard antennas for it have a size of 0.75m and provide speed up to 3-6 MBIT / s.

Pros and cons of satellite Internet

The advantages of satellite Internet is:

independence from traditional providers and power supply;
the ability to transfer data from remote and technically undeveloped regions of the planet;
quality and high signal transmission rate;
easy connection.

The disadvantages of satellite Internet can be considered:

need to permit for radio transmitting equipment;
high cost and bulky equipment;
channel delay (satellite signal required about 250ms to reach the transmitting antenna to the satellite, and the same back);
ping period on the two-way channel may be 500-800ms;
incompatibility of equipment of various manufacturers.

Satellite Internet is an indispensable option in small settlements, in country villages, remote areas where it is impossible to organize high-speed wired Internet. They are often used by oil, timber industrial and mining companies in corporate purposes. Satellite Internet is applied to the organization direct ether of different points planets.

Among individuals in cities and other settlements, satellite Internet is not very popular, as cheaper and simple ways Access to the global network.