Soster distress signal. SOS - decoding

In an extreme situation, it is vital to be able to file well-visible signals to rescue teams, as well as aircraft engaged in rescue operations. You need to work out the signal feed system before, in order to learn how to use it well and be able to file a signal in the shortest period of time. Even with a radio transmitter and signal missiles, remember that the best way to attract the attention of the rescue helicopter or aircraft is considered smoke or fire. Three fires or three flue pillars are an international disaster signal.

Special means for feeding signals.

If you have experienced an aviation catastrophe or are on a rescue raft, you should have one or more industrialized torches for feeding signals. If you are a tourist, then it is strongly recommended in advance in advance by some of the following items:

Transceiver(Uki-currents) - can transmit and receive both tonal signals and voice.

Radiomaque - only the tone transmits.

Radio station - in extreme conditions, as a rule, has a radius of action within direct visibility, so it is best to use it on an equal terrain, without natural obstacles.

Signal torches- Torches for daytime use are isolated by smoke bright color, for night use - give a very bright light, noticeable at a long distance.

Signal rockets- Help to overcome the problems of feeding signals associated with the abundance of natural obstacles, as well as weather conditions.

Trassing bullets - If there is a firearm for alarm, you can use the tracer bullets. After the shot, a bright red-orange flash is formed. In no case do not send weapons to the rescue helicopter!

An sea marker - a tube with a fine powder, painting water when it gets into her color saturated green or orange.

"Pavlinia feathers" - Markers made of rubberized nylon, having a saturated color - on the one hand blue, on the other - yellow.

Light signals - Light of the electric flashlight or even light lighters can be visible at a high distance.

Whistle is a very useful thing to serve sound signals.

Signal mirror - Light "Bunny" from the mirror with good visibility noticeable at a distance of 60 kilometers.

Smoke.

In the daytime, smoke will be very well visible at large distances. It is necessary to fold several flue signal bonfires, cover them from bad weather and contain in constant readiness for an instant effect. Try that smoke from the signal fire in the color differed from the color of the surrounding area. If you put a fresh foliage, moss or raw tree in the fire, then get a white smoke. Rubber or washed rare will give a black smoke.

To build a smoke generator, fold the big fire of the "Hut", which is characterized by a good tight and high combustion temperature capable of igniting even crude foliage. Materials allocating smoke Place on the bore from above and burn fire, when a life jacket or helicopter will appear in close proximity to you. If you are in a snowy area or on ice, the fire should be laid on an even elevation, over wet soil, otherwise the snow will begin to melt under the fire.

The fire.

Light signals are very effective in the dark time. Fold a fire that gives the maximum of light. Burning tree is an excellent way to let yourself know. It is best to get trees with hollows - they light easily. To set fire to the tree, place dry firewood on its lower branches and burn them. Croon tree will be engaged from them. Remember that in order to supply the signal to the fire, you need to choose separately trees - otherwise you risks to arrange a forest fire.

Reflectors.

In sunny weather, a mirror, polished metal dishes, a waist buckle or any other object, well reflecting light, can be used to feed light signals. Learn to feed signals before it may need in life. The light "bunny" with a transparent atmosphere can be seen from a huge distance - on the usual area for 60 kilometers, and in the desert, even for 160.

Signals of aircraft.

Feeding signals with aircraft, you must keep in mind several factors affecting the signal efficiency - they will help the pilots to notice you and save. First of all, try to imagine how your signal looks from the air.

Dimensions: Make as much as possible in size as possible. Remember that it should be good to read from the air.

Proportions:The signal must have the right proportions, especially if you post the letters on Earth. Take care that they normally read from air.

Corners and straight lines: All signals laid out on Earth should have the maximum number of straight lines and direct angles - neither one in nature is not found in nature.

Contrast: The signal must be contrasting the locality.

On snow: It is better to perform a signal with a bright color dye.

On the grass: You can smear the plot, and then lay out the signal on it.

Orange color: Oddly enough, on a green or brown background, an orange unsaturated color is not highlighted, but fits into the landscape.

Signal stroke. The signal can be broken with a roller from foliage, soil or stones. The main assignment of the stroke is to create a shadow. You can also post a signal on a rack or panel racks, discarding a well-visible shadow.

Location of the signal. Your signal must be located in such a way that it is noticeable from all directions. It is best to have it on a smooth, open place.

Signal value.

The resulting signal must carry some information about your distress you who discovered you.

Learn them or always have a piece of paper where they are drawn and their meaning. When laying out signals on Earth, make them as much as possible in size, at least 10 meters in length and 3 meters wide. At night, dig in the ground the groove on the form of the signal, fill in it gasoline and install it. Such a signal will be noticeable not only at night, but also in the day, along the burnt ground.

After the arrival of salvation, be sure to destroy the signals - otherwise they can mislead another search aircraft, forcing it to make an unnecessary attempt to land nearby.

ABC Morse.

You can feed messages including and turning off the signal lamp using the Morse alphabet. For the same purpose it will be a check mark with a bright rag at the end. The point is denoted by the wrist with the "eight" at the end to the right, and the dash is a dish with the "eight" at the end of the left. Alphabet Morse can also serve sound, and radio signals.

Signals shadow.

Can be quite effective, you just need to build them correctly. Build them in an open place, a large enough size so that they contrasted with the surrounding landscape. For the construction of shadow signals in various localities, use the following rules:

In polar winter Build a wall from snow blocks along the groove, from which the blocks are extracted.

In the Arctic Summer Construct the wall from stones, land, boulders and forests.

Winter in warm belt Place green leaves or snaps in the snow, placing branches around the palico.

In the summer in a warm climatic belt Use for the construction of a shadow signal of a brica, trunks of trees, stones, boulders, as well as earth briquettes.

With distress in the mountains

use international conventions, learn them and learn to transmit. With you, you should always have any means for feeding signals.

Sos disaster signal.

To submit a disaster signal, use the following sound and light ways:

Red Rocket

A beep - three points, three dashes, three points. Repeat at intervals of one minute.

Light signal - like sound (three short flashes, three long, three short). repeat with an interval of one minute.

Help Wanted.

To submit this signal, use the following sound and light methods:

Red Rocket

Sound signal - six quickly transmitted points. Repeat with an interval of one minute.

Light signal - six quickly transmitted short flashes. Repeat with an interval of one minute.

You understood.

To feed this signal, use the following audio and light ways:

White rocket.

A beep - three quickly transmitted points. Repeat with an interval of one minute.

Light signal - three quickly transmitted short flashes. repeat with an interval of one minute.

Return to the database.

To submit this signal, use the following sound and lighting methods:

Green rocket

A beep - a long series of points.

Light signal - a long series of short flashes.

Information signals.

They are used in the case when it is necessary to leave the disaster zone where you hit, or your camp. Always leave a well-notable sign - an arrow indicating the direction in which you moved, as well as marked your traces.

Thus, SOS is a separate symbol of the Morse alphabet, presented in the form of a sequence of letters only for ease of memorization. Such symbols are recorded with a line over the letters: SOS.

Contrary to common belief, SOS is not an abbreviation. It is simply an arbitrarily selected sequence, convenient for memorization and easily recognizable for rumor. Phrases that often associate with this signal, such as Save Our Ship (Save our ship), or Save Our Souls., Save Our Spirits. (Save our souls), or Swim or Sink. (Swim or drown), or even Stop Other Signals. (Stop other signals) appeared after the receipt of the signal.

History

Even before the invention, at the beginning of the 1890s, the radio, the maritime courts have already used many different visual and distress audio signals. To do this, used such means of communication as semaphore flags, signal lights and bells. The radio (called the "wireless telegraph") first used the Morse alphabet, the system originally designed for ground wire telegraph. When radio stations began to appear on ships, there was a need to standardize communications, but cooperation was hampered by national differences and rivalry between competing radio companies, such as "Marconi International Marine Communication Company", Telefunken and Slyhabi-Arco

The main issue of the conference's agenda was to establish a single disaster radio telegrapher. Representative "Marconi Co." insisted on approval as a single international signal CQD.. Representatives of the United States abruptly objected to this, claiming that during the transmissions and reception of such a signal, it is often confused with a common challenge CQ.. In addition, these both signals were applied by coastal telegraphists with accidents and accidents on railways. The conference supported American representatives, and it was decided to replace CQD. Some other, clear and twisted signal.

The same representatives proposed to accept the signal of the international signals - a two-flage combination NC.Meaning "I suffer disaster, immediate assistance is needed". But this proposal was rejected.

The representative of the German radio telegraph company "Slyabi-Arco" suggested a signal Soe. ( · · · - - - · ). During the discussion, one of the delegates noticed that the proposed signal had a significant drawback: since the letter E. It is transmitted by one point, the signal during long-term receiving or overloaded air can be distorted and not even understood. Therefore, it was decided to replace E. on the S.. It turned out a rhythmic combination SOS. ( · · · - - - · · · ). The offer was accepted almost unanimously.

Many sources argue that for the first time the SOS signal took advantage of the Slavonia steamer, having flown on the reefs from the Azores on June 10, 1909. But then the newspapers reported that CQD was transferred from Slavonia.

The first reliably known use of the SOS signal falls on August 11, 1909, when the American steamer "Arapaoee" lost its move and rummaged along the way from New York to Jacksonville. The signal was accepted by the station of the combined company of wireless telegraph (United Wireless Telegraph Company) (eng.)russian On the island of Hatteras in North Carolina and redirected to the offices of a shipping company.

On February 4, 1910, the steamer "Kentucky", which followed from New York in this, received strong flow in the area of \u200b\u200bVirginia Capees and handed over SOS. The signal was taken on board Alamo shy, which hurried to the rescue.

On May 13, 1911, "Merida" and "Admiral Farragut" were collided in the fog of Cape Charles (Virginia). Before "Merida" sank, SOS had managed to transfer from it. A paryboat "Hamilton" responded to the disaster signal and picked up people with Merida.

On July 30, 1911, the Canadian Cruiser "Niobay" submitted SOS, faced by the shore in the fog off the coast of New Scotland.

On August 28, 1911, the paryboat "Lexington" got into a hurricane off the coast of Carolina. The radio installation was damaged by the wind, 16-year-old radio operator Jack Shitz (Jack Sheetz) climbed on the mast, restored the connection and passed the SOS. Boat "Yamakro" arrived at the help.

On December 3, 1911, the coast of Virginia collided the US Navy "Sterling" and the steamer "Dorothy". Captain "Sterling" ordered to convey the SOS, but managed to safely plant a stranded vessel at Cape Henry. The disaster signal was heard on several civilian and military courts.

On April 9, 1912, SOS came from the Ontario coaster, which was walking from Baltimore to Boston - a fire arose on board. There was no real danger to people, but several tugs and boats prepared to remove passengers from Ontario.

In art

Notes

see also

• Disaster signals

Links

• Victor Pestrikov SOS radio signal remained in the 20th century. // IT NEWS - 2005 - No. 8. - P. 26.
• Chelyanz Georgy (UY5XE) The first "disaster radio signal" - 105 years! . Qrz.ru (03/23/2004). Archived from the original source February 13, 2012. Checked October 6, 2011.
• Olga Matveyeva The world said goodbye to SOS signal // Wolly Wind) - 2001. - No. 47 - p. eight
• The Telegraph Office Magazine Volume II, Issue 1 "" SOS, "" CQD "And The History of Maritime Distress Calls» by NEAL Mceewen, K5RW

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Synonyms:

Watch what is "sos" in other dictionaries:

SOS. - IS The Commonly Used Description for the International Morse Code Distress Signal (· · · · · · · ·). This Distress Signal Was First Adopted by The German Government in Radio Regulations Effective April 1, 1905, and Became The Worldwide Standard WHEN ... Wikipedia

SOS. - steht für: SOS (Notsignal), ein internationales Notsignal die ISO Abkürzung für Somalia Schilling Seminar für Orientalische Sprachen, eine 1887 gegründete Einrichtung der Universität Berlin Sensor Observation Service, einen Dienst zur Steuerung ... ... Deutsch Wikipedia

SOS. - \u003c[ɛsoɛ̣s] n.; ; Unz.\u003e Hilferuf in Not, Bes. von schiffen u. Flugzeugen ● SOS FUNKEN)