Comfortable computer with Linux. For those who want to have the newest software - Manjaro

Linux distributions have a huge amount, and all of them have their own purpose, their goal, in this material I specifically divided the distributions into several types and led specific examples of distributions that relate to a particular type.

All distributions of Linux I simply can not be listed, I turned on only the most suitable, in my opinion and generally accepted opinion.

If you know the Linux distribution, which is perfect for that other type, but here I do not indicate it, write it in the comments so that other users can also pay attention to it.

About each distribution I will tell you a little, I will note the features and will indicate links to official sites.

What kind of Linux distribution and in general Linux can read in the material - What is Linux and what is Linux distribution?

Linux Distributions for Home Computers and Beginners

If you are a regular user of a home computer and never worked with Linux, but you have a desire to go to this operating system, then you will find the following Linux distributions, they are simple, functional and oriented specifically on novice users of Linux.

Linux Mint.

Linux Mint. - This is one of the most popular free Linux distributions focused on novice users. It is based on another popular Linux distribution - Ubuntu.

In my opinion, Linux Mint is the most the best way For users who want to go to Linux with Windows, since it is convenient, functional, stable, has a huge community, on this distribution you can find a bunch of information, i.e. If you encounter a problem, you can easily solve it just "Google".

Distribution has excellent localization, problems with Russification after installing the system you will not have. In Linux Mint, in my opinion, one of best managers Software, i.e. The component by which programs are installed in the Linux Mint distribution, the application installation process is reduced to one click, such as, for example, on smartphones. In addition, in it by default there is all the most necessary software for work.

Linux Mint offers a choice of several graphic shells by default: CINNAMON, MATE and XFCE.

The package management system uses DEB format.

Installation Instructions for example 19 version - Installing Linux Mint.

OpenSUSE.

openSUSE. - It is also a very popular Linux distribution, many laptop manufacturers put exactly OpenSUSE as an operating system to their products. The distribution is focused on ordinary users, and at the same time powerful and stable.

By default, the KDE environment serves as the desktop environment, but other popular graphic shells can be installed.

Distribution as well as Linux Mint has a good localization and a huge community.

In OpenSUSE, a very powerful tool - Yast is responsible for managing software and the system. As a package management system, an RPM format is used here as opposed to Linux Mint.

Installation Instructions for example 15 version - Installing OpenSUSE

Kubuntu.

Kubuntu. - This is a Linux distribution, derived from Ubuntu with a graphic shell KDE. Kubuntu - has all the advantages of Ubuntu and at the same time it has a desktop environment, which will probably be familiar to users of Windows, so I first recommend trying the Kubuntu.

Installing Kubuntu.

Ubuntu.

Ubuntu. - This is one of the most famous and popular Linux distributions. The company is engaged in the development and support of this distribution, Canonical is dealt with, which indicates the quality of the distribution, its reliability and stability. As you already understood, a large number of other Linux distributions are based on Ubuntu.

As a graphic shell, the GNOME environment is used here. Documentation and in general information about any Linux distribution on the Internet is more than about Ubuntu, you will not find, Ubuntu is probably the biggest community.

Linux distributions for advanced users

If you have already mastered Linux, in particular distributions for beginners that we looked at a little earlier, you know how to work with the terminal, you know the basics of programming and at the same time you want to learn and touch Linux is even more, you can try Linux distributions for advanced users, I would say for enthusiasts for people who are called true "Linuxoids".

With the help of these distributions, you will learn the internal device of the Linux operating system.

Arch Linux

Arch Linux - This is a flexible distribution, designed to meet the needs of experienced Linux users. By default, the minimum, basic system is set, everything else makes the user.

This is a very powerful distribution.

Gentoo Linux

Gentoo Linux - one more powerful and flexible distribution, here almost everything is done manually ( compilation of packages and so on). On, it would seem, simple actions you will spend much more time, but you can very finely configure the system.

SLACKWARE LINUX

This distribution is for those who want to get exotic in the world of Linux. SLACKWARE LINUX - This is one of the oldest distributions.

There is such an expression that reflects the essence of this distribution - "If you know Slackware - you know Linux. If you know any other distribution, then everything you know is any other distribution ".

Linux distributions for low-power or "old" computers

If you have a computer with low characteristics, while you are tired of XP and you want to try Linux, then you should look at the following distributions that do not require large resources and work quickly, and have excellent functionality, moreover, simple in Manage and use.

Lubuntu.

Lubuntu. - This is a Linux operating system distribution based on Ubuntu. The graphic shell in Lubuntu is the LXDE lightweight environment, just due to this, this distribution is not demanding about resources and works even on low-power computers without any brakes. In this case, Lubuntu remains a very functional and stable distribution with a convenient graphical interface.

Installation Instructions for Example 18.04 - Installing Lubuntu

Xubuntu.

Xubuntu. - This is a Linux operating system distribution, which is also based on Ubuntu. As a desktop environment, an XFCE Wednesday is performed here. Xubuntu Just like Lubuntu is very fast and non-demanding computer resources distribution.

Installation Instructions for Example 18.04 - Installing Xubuntu

Linux Lite.

Linux Lite. - This distribution is based on LTS versions of Ubuntu, i.e. On versions with long-term support. It is not demanding to resources, it includes all the most necessary software for work. Linux Lite is excellent, compact and at the same time functional version Linux operating system.

Q4OS.

Q4OS. - Distribution Linux based on Debian, which uses the original graphic shell Trinity. The purpose of the Q4OS distribution is to provide users with a classic, simple interface of the operating system, while leaving good functionality.

Q4os low system requirements and on "Weak" Equipment The system works very quickly, without brakes.

Installation Instructions - Q4OS Installation

Linux Distributions for Server Systems

The Linux operating system is also used on servers, more precisely, I will even say more, Linux has been widely used as a system for servers, even more than for ordinary personal computers, due to its stability and safety.

All Linux server systems are supplied without a graphic shell, as a similar environment consumes a significant part of the server resources, which, accordingly, makes the server less productive. Therefore, the server resources are used as directly intended as possible, the graphical shell is not installed by default in the server systems, although, of course, it can be installed, this is the case of server administrators.

If you need a Linux server version, then the following distributions are the best options.

CentOS.

CentOS. - This is an excellent and very popular server operating system. It is on it that most sites on the Internet work, i.e. She acts as a platform for Web servers. It is also actively used as database servers and other types of servers. CENTOS is a reliable and stable operating system, while it is free, although it is based on the RED Hat Enterprise Linux commercial project.

Installation Instructions - Installing CentOS

Setup Instructions - WEB Server on CentOS

Debian.

Debian. - This is one of the oldest Linux distributions, it is widely used in the corporate sector as a platform for Web servers, database servers, as well as a client operating system. It is on it that countdally countless Linux distributions, including Ubuntu.

Installation Instructions for example 9 version - Debian installation

Ubuntu Server

Ubuntu Server - This is the server version of the distribution Linux Ubuntu.. Ubuntu Server is a very popular distribution, it is actively used to implement such servers as a web server, database server, DNS server, file server and others.

Installation Instructions for Example 18.04 - Installing Ubuntu Server

Red Hat Enterprise Linux

The distribution is developed by Red Hat and this is a paid distribution, it is aimed at use in a corporate environment, therefore is commercial. In the case of Rhel you will have technical support Companies, as well as you will quickly receive critical updates.

By the way, the CENTOS Distribution, considered by us above, is an excellent free replacement of Red Hat Enterprise Linux, as the CentOS is based on RHEL and compatible with it.

I have everything on it, I hope the material was interesting for you while!

Windows XP is a very good operating system. It is stable, supports almost all the currently existing devices, a lot of programs are written for it, and anyone who has ever seen a computer, which certainly saw Windows XP. She has disadvantages. The first and main of them are: a Windows XP disk is not a ready-made "starting package" for a computer.

By installing the operating system on new computer You will only get a shell for installation required programs. You will not be able to watch movies due to lack of codecs, you will not be able to communicate in ICQ, since the client is not included in the Windows delivery, you will not be able to view Excel documents or PowerPoint presentations, because Microsoft has released backmarks for these formats, but XP does not apply them. After installing the OS, the process of setting up and preparing a computer to full work only begins. Another minus system from Microsoft is the presence of a large number of viruses under it and vulnerabilities directly in the system - very many inexperienced users suffer from them. It is enough to remember the large-scale epidemics of Lovsan and Sasser, and it becomes clear that with security in Windows XP is not all right.

Microsoft recently released its new operating system called Windows Vista. She was waiting for her, she was hoping, but she did not cause the storms of delight. At the moment, we cannot call Vista with a full-fledged replacement for old good WinXP: Many have too many problems caused an attempt to go with XP on Vista. First of all, the irrevocability of the drivers of many devices for Vista is to blame. This is added to the inoperability of many programs and highly high system requirements.

Is there an alternative to Microsoft operating systems for a home user? Immediately I note that if you play all the freshly haired games or you can not imagine your life without professional products like AutoCAD or Photoshop, then nothing except Windows is suitable for you. But if you need the computer to show movies, allow you to "walk" on the global network, work with email, communicate in ICQ, view and create documents, and at the same time spend the minimum of efforts to search and configure software, then one of the Linux-oriented distributions focused on home use may well approach you.

"Difficulty" Linux for development has long been in the past: command line Added many different graphic shells, drivers most devices are installed automatically, the Russian language is widely supported. Linux's strong parties have always been high security and a large number of software that comes directly along with the system. In this review, we will find out if it is possible to have only one DVD disk with the Linux distribution to turn a lifeless set of iron and silicon into a multifunctional home computer.

The heroine of our today's article wears a beautiful, but very unusual Russian ear name Mandriva. This one of the most popular distributions currently, its distinguishing features are URPMI package manager, which allows you to conveniently install, delete and update programs and the Mandriva Control Center system settings utility.

Installation

We will try to install Mandriva Linux on the computer next configuration:

ELITEGROUP 945G-M3 motherboard
. Intel processor Celeron 2.53 Ghz.
. 512 Megabyte RAM DDR2 Patriot PC-4200
. HDD Seagate Barracuda 7200.7 120GB SATA
. CD-RW / DVD-ROM drive TEAC DW-552GA.

Mandriva bootloader offers the user a few options for further work: Download from hard disk, "Rescue" loading directly from the DVD, the test of the RAM and the installation of the new OS.

Directly the installation process begins with the selection of the language and keyboard layout. Especially note the fact that Mandriva allows you to switch the layout with a plurality method, and not three, as in Windows. What is called: a trifle, but nice, after all, personally, I like to change the language of the button with the right key Control, and in Windows it is impossible without installing additional programs.

Further, the disk markup is entering, which automatically stated the disk on the 3 partition: boot, swap and working. If the user does not suit the work of the automation, then the markup provides a large set of features for manual marking. After all sections are formatted, the Linux installation on hDD.

After installation, the system offers to enter the ROOT user password and select the authentication method. I especially note the fact that the login is supported in the Windows domain.

In the System System "after installation displays information about the configuration of the computer and installed services. Right from this window, you can configure video mode and network. After that, the primary setting can be considered completed. From the beginning and until the end, the installation took about 30 minutes.

After rebooting, the orange desktop KDE 3.5 appears before you. Access to programs and settings is similar to Windows and is carried out from the menu called button in the lower left corner of the screen. So, what brought us to the Linux hard drive?

Programs in the kit

Office and documents

The standard delivery includes almost everything you need. Firstly, this is the package Open Office version 2.0.3, which includes programs for working with text, spreadsheets and presentations. Open Office has built-in tools for importing and exporting Microsoft Office files and can almost completely replace such proposals as Microsoft Word., Excel, PowerPoint. In addition to OpenOffice, there is a simpler text editor KWRITE, PDF files, calculator and various organizers. The whole rich set of software products makes it possible to conclude that the computer with a freshly installed Mandriva is fully prepared for the performance of a variety of office tasks.

Music and video

Everything is not so rosy here. Yes, there is universal player KMPlayer and AMAROK audio player, but for some reason they refused to play files over the network. If you copy the file to local computer, no problems arise. DivX, Xvid, QuickTime, WMV video is played without installing any additional codecs, no problems arise with various audio formats, such as MP3, OGG Vorbis or Flac. In addition, the default DVD player is installed by default and RealPlayer. It should be recognized that Mandriva is almost completely ready to take on the role of a home media center and will not leave the user to miss the inscription "It's impossible to find a decoder."

Graphics and photos

And here Linux will not hit the dirt face. Adobe Photoshop. Under Linux, of course, did not port, but many are ready to pay for him? To view images or photos, there are 3 different viewers: KView, Kuickshow and GwenView and a program to work with a digital camera Digikam. To their advantages include simplicity in mastering, and the main disadvantage is still small functionality. There are means for changing the size of the image only in Digikam, but it does not know how to change the size of the image group immediately. In short, all this is much more convenient than the standard viewer of the pictures in Windows XP, but does not reach ACDSEE. No problems with the connection of the digital camera OLYMPUS MJU 410 did not occur: the system saw the camera as a removable drive and allowed to calmly copy photos to the computer. I saw the camera and Digikam. Mustek Bearpaw 2400Cu scanner managed to configure. For this, it was not necessary to download anything from the Internet, and only the disk from the scanner scanner from the driver for Windows was needed.

The role of the raster editor is GIMP, which is not compared with Adobe Photoshop, but free and is quite sufficient for a person who is not a professional designer.

the Internet

In this part, the freshly installed system is a complete gentlemanic set. Browsers - Mozilla Firefox., Konqueror or Opera, Mail - Kmail or Mozilla Thunderbird, ICQ or other messaging system - the developers carefully put in the GAIM and KOPETE kit. Voice communication via the network is not forgotten - there is a client for Skype and the KPhone SIP application.

Games

Generally with games in Linux is bad. In the sense that modern three-dimensional games are still written under Windows and under Linux are not adapted by all of them. The creators of KDE decided to somehow fix such a sad position and put in a set of a variety of small toys that are able to brighten up a long winter evening, and "kill" a couple of "extra" watches in the office. Includes a dozen solitaires, sapper, tetris, Sokoban, Reversi and other games.

This is not all. Want to write a CD or DVD? Please, at your service K3B. The utility allows you to do everything you need: Create compilations and record them on discs, open the images of the ISO, BIN / CUE discs, clean the rewritable discs, change the recording speed, supports UDF and so on.

Want to take a screen shot? No, you do not need to press Printscreen, and then insert the image from the buffer into any graphic editor: the creators of the KSNapShot utility are taken care of you - a convenient tool for "photographing" of the entire screen or a separate window.

System Setup

As early as early, one of the main features of Mandriva is the management center, where in one place there are links to all the system settings elements, which allows the user who is just to get acquainted with the new system, do not climb the menu labyrinths, and have access to all Settings in one place.

Installing and deleting packages is simple and understandable. When running the program management console, automatically search for affordable packages is made and their list is displayed. If when installing packages, there is a need to put additional packagewhich is necessary for the functioning of the desired one, then the program will make it automatically, but not forgetting to ask you permission.

The KDE graphic shell has its own control center, in which everything is configured, which is associated with this shell. In some functions, these two control centers intersect, but it does not make them use less convenient.

Using the KDE control center, each can configure the system so that it looks perfect for him. At the same time, you should not forget that Mandriva comes with multiple graphic shells - KDE is not the only one, it is only used by default. But the detailed consideration of all the possibilities of the system is already beyond the scope of this review article.

conclusions

Over the past years, the Linux community managed to move away from the concept of "Systems for Fanatics". Today's Mandriva Linux is a full-fledged starter pack, which has a user friendly graphical interface, convenient to configure and multiple useful software. Installing it is not harder than installing WindowsAnd the system itself is often often not only inferior to Windows XP, but in many respects surpasses it. One disc with the Mandriva distribution disk is quite enough to turn the computer into a universal tool that can solve many different tasks without downloading additional software.

Advantages:

A large number of applied software included;
. Convenient system settings utilities;
. Beautiful and user-friendly user interface KDE;
. Free.

Disadvantages:

Some programs in the kit are not translated into Russian in general or translated partially;
. Unreleased interaction with Windows computers through the local network.

Oc Linux became the subject of all sorts of myths, the main one claims that it is completely not adapted to the needs of ordinary users. Obviously, such fairy tales fold people, not familiar with him, otherwise they would know that Linux is unpretentious, convenient, extremely easy to install and work with all applications. All about the order will be described below.

A little about Linux

This is a collective name of UNIX-like OS, the basis for which Serves the same kernel Linux, which combines the same library collected for it, system programs developed by the GNU project. The full name of the kernel, working as most of others on PC-compatible systems, such as Intel X86 and the like - GNU / Linux.

Linux is directly related to supplementing applicationsWhat makes it a full-fledged and functional representative among operating systems, but unlike them is not a single complete set, but is represented by hundreds of distributions of GNU uniting programs with the Linux core. Information about distributions Publishes the DistroWatch website (https://distrowatch.com/?language\u003dRU), leading their popularity rating based on attendance data, providing a description of pages with charts. It is on it that can be found with everything that relates to Linux and its components.

What you should pay attention to

Starting an overview of the operating system, the first thing to be noted in it is the best alternative option Transition from Windows, a much superior Microsoft brainchild. For better understanding advantages Linux It is necessary to oppose it that Windows WINTOVS, the most common of all. And that's why:

1. Perfectly freeWhile Windows has a developed commercial basis, which is why the overwhelming majority of users are forced to apply an unstable pirated version. Installation Linux does not require any financial costs, like thousands of applications available after switching to it.
2. Another important is the positive feature of the Finnish OS - her exceptional reliability, not always inherent in even licensed Windows. With it, it is not necessary to constantly restart the gully buggy, hanging computer, the correct work of Linux will then become a pleasant discovery.
3. On Linux, unlike other systems no virusesBut with which it is more unknown with it, especially since there are no "personal" antivirus programs. Even if the virus penetrates the PC, it does not shut into the saved folders, and therefore does not cause any damage to the computer system.
4. You can't go around attention installation features Programs, for which you do not need to look for them on your own, in most, on the sites that do not inspire the trust sites with viruses. On Linux everything is much easier and more convenient, thanks to the reliable repository and his manager, whence it is easy to install any program or application.
5. In the kernel of the operating system write all Driversnecessary for adequate work network cardWith the big problems, for example, Windows 7, often not recognizing new devices connected to the PC. On Linux, everything is initialized, installed and starts the work almost instantly after the connection.
6. One of the main advantages is open source codeIn Windows, closing immediately after writing the nucleus, which is why open it is not possible then. At his opponent, there are no difficulties with this, even if it is necessary to make any changes in the OS.

The distribution area of \u200b\u200bLinux is wider than that of all the OS combined. Perfectly works on PC home and working Group, well adapted With most processors, servers, robots, smartphones, portable devices, with all that supports programmable operations.

Overview of the most popular distributions

Thanks to the open source code, OS Linux can be confused, having access to hundreds of all kinds of distributions that are constantly replenished with new ones. But in fact, such an abundance is the ability to choose a system, under the individual features of any gadget. Especially relevant for devices that do not differ in particular power, which, after installing a suitable distribution, will acquire a full-fledged system, easy and functional comprising the necessary software components. For installation will need Only download the appropriate ISO image from the official site, write to the USB device and start a computer from it.

Linux Mint.

In fact, it is an upgraded, improved option that has popular among Ubuntu distribution users, characterized by reliability and multifunctionality. Has a wide set Software with elements of proprietary optimizers, open source. Linux Mint is the best option for those who are only beginning to meet With a new OS, thanks to the external similarity of the graphical interface with presented in Windows. But if desired, it can be changed at its discretion at the time of loading.

Manjaro.

A simple and convenient distribution in both installation and use. Due to this, it comes to the working state immediately upon completion of the installation process with all the tools necessary for interacting with the content of multimedia. Carries out support 32 and 64-bit versions of the system and several cores, including RC. Being based on the earlier Archlinux distribution, Manjaro repository automatically synchronized With him after installation. This provides access to the most relevant software updates.

Debian.

Most multifunctional, the only one among all supporting mixed update system. This makes it easy to switch to other versions, and after installation it is individually choosing software at your own discretion, from a variety of proposed options. Debian repository contain over 50,000 packs Programs and utilities with 10 supported architectures, the possibility of their automatic installation, uninstalling. Thanks to its qualities, dozens of new distributions are created on its basis.

Kodi.

Not the most multifunctional of distributions, up to 14 versions called HIMS. Well established himself in the form of a cross-platform multimedia player capable of turning the computer into a developed media center - it is his mainly dignity. Thanks to these features, KODI has quick access to managing any types of video and audio files, regardless of where they are on a PC or optical disk. Has a good software with open source, OS support from Linux and Windows, to Android and iOS.

Kubuntu.

Although it is an independent product created on the basis of Ubuntu, and remains part of a common project. With the "older brother" there is a lot of: use of one basis, a general repository with packages identical programs and utilities, the overall operating system simultaneously updated in six months. But there is between them some differences, Kubuntu, as a graphic environment uses KDE, while Ubuntu is standard GNOME. And Kubuntu supports 32 and 64-bit edition, and Ubuntu only 64-bit versions.

Lubuntu.

One of the most simple and comfortable Projects among all existing, not only members of the Ubuntu family. A distinctive feature of the OS is its extremely easy weight, minor energy costs, which consumes not at all a lot of resources. Installation of it is relevant on netbooks and hopelessly outdated computers, or in the case of using USB modems with a low speed of Internet traffic. For such devices, Lubuntu is simply indispensable, but for more advanced installation it does not make sense, since it does not differ in high functionality due to the economy mode.

Ubuntu.

Reblectively refers to most popular From distributions around the world, but as noted by Distrovotech rating, a large half of its users lives in the CIS countries. Although he was created on the basis of Debian, there is nothing internally between them. Different simplicity When installing and use, with an understandable interface, than it will be especially useful for beginners. Ubuntu has many folders pre-installed in repositories with programs, applications and utilities.

Elementary OS.

Like many other projects, created on the basis of the popular Ubuntu, but externally and functionally more looks like OS X. It is noteworthy that the main part of its software was developed on an individual basis for this project, which makes it so unlike the "chapter of a glorious family." For this reason far exceeds Ubuntu at speed, stability and other criteria, all components are well combined with Elementary OS.

Gentoo.

Enjoying great popularity among users, deserves only flattery reviews, but at the same time, multifunctional features make it extremely difficult. The most powerful portage technology presented in it is flexible, wide configuration capabilities, large variety in settings and automatic control of the pre-installed software. In the Gentoo repositories contain over 10,000 folders With programs, it is possible to connect to third-party resources.

Arch Linux

It does not look like any of the other versions representing Linux, and in the absence of the official Live CD to install and run it, it will be necessary to do this through the terminal, not the site. Largely unique Arch Linux by the fact that users individually "collect" system Under yourself, who likes more like. In general, the OS is quite complex, it is almost impossible to figure it out in it. Standards are also too high, only a 64-bit edition is supported.

OpenSUSE.

Like Lubuntu is most suitable for applying outdated gadget models, low-power, using low traffic speed. The rest is not much remarkable, and not at all interesting to users with modern high-tech devices. Many call him antediluvian and primitive, such a characteristic is not too far from the truth, in OpenSUSE no function automatic update BY. This is done in manual mode, after notification from the official site comes to the mail!

Fedora.

Superior multifunctional project, with a large set of tools and wide possibilities. Such seemingly wonderful qualities in fact only complicate work with him. The concept of an independent project is to build a full-fledged operating system based on free, scattered software elements. according to the principle of puzzle. Someone likes it, but for people not inclined to constant fundamental changes, it is terribly uncomfortable, and Fedora will be the most inappropriate option.

Alt Linux

One of the Linux distributions that have long become a separate branch produced in Russia, mainly by Basalt SPO. In fact, it is thoroughly equipped with software, not particularly demanding, easy to install, convenient to manage and navigate. But too "raw", in it many unaccounted flaws And omissions, which is why Alt Linux often gives failures, and user feedback is mainly negative.

CENTOS / RED HAT

Beautiful in all respects free CENTOS, fully proved its worth and relevance to date. Most noteworthy high degree of protectionAs well as constant stability, and it works equally well at all devices without exception. But it should be noted that it is radically different from all other, in particular the structure of the commands, as well as the syntax of most of them. But for those who are used to Windows, it will not be shock.

Pinguy Os.

Belonging to the Ubuntu branched family, the Pinguy OS operating system has earned the approval of a large number of users, multifunctionality and simply simplicity. It is noted that in addition, which has significant baggage from programs and all sorts of applications in the repositories, with a properly selected folder set capable perform any operations Inaccessible to most more developed systems. Convenient and not heavy, supports 32 and 64-bit versions, most of all preferably when moving with windowsIt contains many familiar functions.

Zorin Os.

Despite the fact that, as many other distributions are based on the Ubuntu platform, nor externally, nor in management and navigation is absolutely not like it. But has many common with windows, especially with regard to the interface, and therefore adapt to it is much easier than the rest. A package with programs and suggestions contains the components familiar to the OS from Microsoft Google Chrome. In the first line, which is in the Zorin OS brawser by default. With the help of the download manager, it is easy to install other "native" programs, due to which the transition will not be so burdens.

Solus.

Functional, developed OS, an excellent option for almost all devices, except those that do not differ in high power. Solus. supports only The 64-bit version, this is its main and the only minus, which is fill in a wide range of tools that carry out fast navigation and flexible settings. In addition, it contains a large number of pre-installed programs and components to them, as well as a good manager for working with packages, directed both to uninstallation of outdated applications and to search and install new, stable versions.

Puppy Linux

Perhaps one of the best distributions of the currently existing. Is different emergency Easy, occupying only 72 MB of space, the same low system requirements, while includes a large number of all sorts of applications. Another noticeable difference in its similarity with external characteristics WINDOVS, which is important in the case of Linux. Such a ratio of compactness, technical capabilities, makes a Puppy Linux a unique and generally accepted product not only among the owners of obsolete devices for which it has a particularly important weight.

Slax.

Surprisingly simple distribution, starting from the installation, ending with the configuration of the components. The main advantage of its advantage Other expressed in additional software with excellent navigation, functionality for the use of modules is not directly intended. In addition, they are autonomous, do not require a separate installation as on other OS. Change any images, customize settings, software packages SLAX users can at their discretion.

ROSA.

Another representative of the Russian line of Linux, unlike its criticized Alt Linux fellow, received only positive feedback and approval of users. Is different high functionality, big database, technical perfection. But the dew is like "Fedor", the developer company uses the same concept and version of the operational system, for the most part experimental. But its exceptional convenience should be recognized, thanks to the tools like a single launch point, visualization, and a whole set of useful utilities for all applications.

So choose

With such a quantity and variety, the choice will happen to be difficult, each of those presented, has differences, individuality, positive, and sometimes unique characteristicsAnd not the best. This is complicated by the choice - among them there are few similar meaning among themselves, even if another was created on the basis of one OS. And also, as often, it happens in an indispensable at first glance, a much more advanced counterparts are rendered, or non-cellular sides are invisible on the surface. So still choose and what criteria to choose? The answer to this question can only be one - the choice should depend from technical characteristicsCompatible with the possibilities of the device under which it is done, and not on a brilliant wrapper.

Linux for beginners:

1. Most. the optimal choice For beginners will be Ubuntu., given that preference gives him experienced users. Equally easy to install, configure, navigating, subsequently use. The Unity interface is not too different from the usual Windows, so it is easy to navigate.
2. Also simple and clear Linux M.int.Although it does not differ in particular functionality, but it is compensated by its availability even for the most "dark". Like Ubuntu belongs to the number of windows closest to Windows, thanks to which it is easy enough to master it.
3. CentOS. A little more complicated previous, is a free version of one of the few commercial projects Linux (RedHat), together with simplicity is quite functional. Stable packages of programs pre-installed in it do not allow coarse errors by users, due to the security system.
4. OpenSUSE. It was originally developed as an affordable, easy to use, understandable to all OS users. The default CDE interface environment resembles Windows, has the same principles of navigation and work, slightly different in detail, so it is not difficult to get used to it.
5. Zorin Os.In addition, which has a similar to Windows interface, has a package of programs and applications familiar from the previous operating system. And if there is a Wine pre-installed in it, the same programs and components are launched with ease, which is extremely useful and convenient for any novice.

The most lightweight:

1. Lubuntu. refers to the number of the most lightweight among themselves similar, but due to their popularity is widely used on new, powerful computers. This is a completely logical explanation - high productivity achieved precisely because of a small weight.
2. Lxle, created on the platform of one of the easiests in the Lubuntu distribution kit, much exceeds all the indicators of the "older brother", criticized even newcomers. When creating an OS, the main emphasis was made on optimization and productivity, as well as extremely low weight, to achieve this.
3. Not always lightweight systems are achieved by such an effect, only sacrificing power and flexibility, there are cases when they are not inferior in these indicators with 64-bit variants. Bright example Archbang Possessing qualities inaccessible to others. Its main advantages - simple installation, uncomplicated settings, ease and simplicity.
4. Like the previous one Linux Lite., In addition, it is sufficiently lung, also easy to use, multifunctional, as far as possible when it is parameters. In addition, he has a beautiful, nice interface, a large number of pre-installed applications, often acts as a gateway when switching from Windows to Linux.
5. Knoppix.This is a grandfather of all distributions created for Linux, the oldest of all existing, which is strange, and its own to this day. Due to the fact that it works on a developed, Debian stable platform, has ample opportunities, a set of applications and extremely easy at the same time.

The fastest:

1. Most noteworthy in this regard Pixel Os.Created from scratch using the starting point of the Debian base, which received the nickname of its side effect, in a good sense. The first thing was made by the developers, freed the repositories from "Klama", limiting them with only really necessary packages, which was intensive care for old, weak PCs.
2. Fast, efficient when weakness PC and low Internet speed Peppermint OSbelonging to the cloud type, went through the same way. At the time of development, its creators immediately abandoned all offline programs that are driving the system. In a set of pre-installed packages, only the most useful and lungs are indicated at the same time.
3. Legacy Os.Using the base of the lightweight Puppy Linux, tried to become even easier due to ultra-high components: Icewmw and Rok because of which, indispensable for low-power PCs. Even on computers with outdated components, installed as a 32-bit Live CD thanks to which it works normally, even 256 MB of RAM.
4. Bodhi Linux, uses a special editorial board for hopelessly outdated 32-bit PCs, age more than 15 years. main feature Bodhi Legacy is that implemented on the old Linux V3.2 core, this substantially facilitates the OS, which is additionally optimized for use in very old equipment.
5. One of the easiest and rapid among all this antix. Capable productively work at 256 MB of RAM. In its folders and packages containing lightweight desktops and managers, there is an option with only the applications required to start and create the desktop.

Russian distributions:

1. Astra Linux It was created for defense state structures, it is the key to its reliability and high functional qualities. It is not uniquely called the best among Russian distributions for safety and high levels of protection in the transfer of any personal data, although it has long been served exclusively for peaceful purposes.
2. Rosa Linux The best not only among the Russians, and among all OS for Linux, thanks to the high-tech development options, useful, convenient for ordinary users. Many talk about the "closed" versions intended for data encryption, but, probably, this is another myth, only publicly available assemblies are known.
3. SIMPLY Linux Pretty popular among users from the CIS countries, thanks to its ease and availability. It is not required to resources, because it can be installed even on computers whose age has passed for 10 years. The graphic shell performs xfce, eloquently proving the ease and unpretentiousness of the OS.
4. Calculate. Refers to the most unusual among Russian versions based on Linux. It features his work on the Gentoo platform, complex and incomprehensible in the installation and subsequent use. But unlike him, Calculate does not need to be able to understand these intricacies - everything happens automatically.
5. Alt Linux Call a pensioner among the Russian OS for Linux. During its existence, a lot of distributions were created on its basis, which already speaks of itself about its relevance. Although it is impossible not to admit that despite the updates are very outdated, and the OS developed according to its sample is much better.

For home PC:

1. Debian. It is deservedly considered the best in this regard, although there is no big difference on which device it is not used. It is functional, quite powerful, lightweight, albeit not fundamentally in the case of home PC, high loading speed has its advantages and positive parties.
2. Elementary OS. This is the best alternative to Windows, the external similarity makes it more comfortable and understandable, which is important in the case of home computers used in most, as a working tool, and not for fun. His speed characteristics will be an additional stimulus for installation.
3. Deepin. Very interesting Chinese development, although not widespread, but having time to declare loudly. It contains a lot of programs that you will not meet anywhere else, they work most effectively at home PCs, differ in stability and high speed.
4. OpenSUSE. It is much superior to the Basic Debian, considered the best for PC - a large set of programs, a unique control center, the biggest advantages of the OS. For use on home computers is convenient, thanks to good navigation allowing you to quickly go to the right place.
5. And here Antergos.As many users say, they simply do not have equal, very similar to Manjaro, which is why two distributions are called Siamese twins. But he has a similarity with others who borrowed the best of qualities. It works well on any devices, and highlight it as the best for PC, it would not be quite right.

For laptop

1. Ubuntu. And here it takes a leading position, for the simple reason that the laptops for connecting to the network use modems, and Ubuntu is stable at low traffic.
2. The same can be said about Debian., Easy, high-speed, stable with any connection, popular among users of the operational system.
3. CENT.OS. Not so popular as previous, but thanks to its individual characteristics, it is best to apply for a laptop.
4. Rhel. It was originally designed as a kind of appendage for laptops, so it takes into account all the features of the work of narrow specialization.
5. Concerning Kali.In this case, it can be noted only one thing - it is not created for a laptop, but on the contrary, it is the only environment where its stability is preserved.

Summing up, you can only add one thing - every search is crowned with success only when you know what to look for. And the answer to the question: what Linux is better, has one answer - suitable in all parameter individually.

• Transfer

We present to your attention the translation of the article Jack Wallen with Linux.com, which is devoted to the most promising Linux distributions in 2018. Approximately twelve months ago we shared with you a similar overview. What has changed over the year?

Jack says that in 2017 in the world of Linux, trends could be observed concerning the increase in the number of distributions. This year, it expects an increase in the stability of the ecosystem and the growth of Linux's prevalence both in the field of server computing and desktop PCs.

What to choose who this year is going to go to the opening platform, or who wants to change what uses something new? If you go to the DistroWatch and take a look at the distribution rating, the main thing you can see there is an unimaginable space of opportunities. The wealth of choice is good, but it means that choose exactly what you need is not easy.

So, what Distributions of Linux cost to pay attention to this year? Jack has considerations about this, he wants to tell about them in this material. Like last year, systems separated into several categories will be considered here. Namely, it will be about distributions for administrators, about lightweight and desktop systems, about Linux for professionals and for IoT, as well as on server platforms.

Best Distribution for System Administrators: Debian

Debian will infrequently meet in the lists of the best distributions. Why? If we consider that Debian is the basis for Ubuntu (on which, in turn, the mass of other distributions is based), it becomes clear that Debian, in fact, should be at the high positions of the sets of ratings. And what attitude does this distribution have to system administrators? I suppose it is so for two important reasons:

• Easy use.
• Emergency stability.

Since DPKG and APT package managers are used in Debian, a surroundings are formed in the system, in which it is very easy to operate. In addition, Debian is one of the most stable platforms based on Linux. As a result - in front of us by a distribution, perfectly suitable for a variety of media and use options. For example, here - Servers and desktop computers, Here is testing and software development. Although Debian does not include the amount of applications that can be found in the Distribution for administrators noted in a similar last year's review, Parrot Linux, in Debian it is very easy to add everything you need. Good and the fact that everyone can install Debian using the graphic environment suitable for it (CINNAMON, GNOME, KDE, LXDE, MATE, or XFCE). As a result, choosing Debian, anyone can be sure that the interface will correspond to its needs.

Debian 9.3 with GNOME Desktop

Now Debian is in second place in the DistroWatch rating. Upload distributions, install it, configure according to your needs and enjoy stable and comfortable work. It may look like this system, in comparison with others, not so fashionable, but Debian is just that distribution that turns the dreams of system administrators into reality.

Best Light Distribution: Lubuntu

Lightweight distributions serve as a very specific goal - to give the second life outdated, usually - not the most powerful computers. But this does not mean that these distributions should be considered only in the calculation of the old iron. If your main goal is the speed, distribution from the category of lightweight will be very by the way on modern computer.

At the top of the list of lightweight distributions of 2018 is Lubuntu. Although there is a lot of options, only a few of them at least approach the simplicity of mastering characteristic of this distribution. And although the requirements of Lubuntu are not so modest to the system, as, let's say, Puppy Linux, before us - a member of the Ubuntu family, and the convenience of working with it compensates for some "voraciousness". However, you should not fear that the Lubuntu distribution will be too slow on the most modern computer. Nevertheless, Lubuntu system requirements are quite adequate. Namely, we are talking about the Pentium 4 processor, Pentium M or AMD K8, about 512 MB of memory to work with local applications, or about 1 GB - for normal operation on the Internet (YouTube, Google+, Google Drive, Facebook).

Lubuntu uses the LXDE desktop, this suggests that the newcomers in the field of Linux with problems will not encounter. Annexes included in the distribution (such as Abiword, Gnumeric, Firefox) are characterized by a high speed, convenience and simplicity.

Lubuntu and desktop LXDE

Best Desktop Distribution: Elementary OS

For the second year in a row, Elementary OS heads my list of the best desktop distributions. For many, the leader of desktop systems - Linux Mint (and this is understandable). However, in my opinion, it is difficult to exceed the ease of use and stability of Elementary OS.

This is confirmed by one story that happened to me. I was sure that the release of Ubuntu 17.10 will make me return to the distributions from Canonical. Very soon after going to the new Ubuntu with GNOME, I found that I lack the convenience and reliability of Elementary OS. As a result, after two weeks spent with Ubuntu, I returned to Elementary OS.

PANTEON desktop in Elementary OS - a real work of art

Anyone who tries to Elementary OS immediately feels at home. Panteon's desktop is an example of an excellent combination of attention to trifles, orientation for users' needs and convenience. At the same time, with each update, it only becomes better.
Although Elementary OS occupies the 6th position in the DistroWatch rating, I believe that this distribution is the end of this year will get at least to the third line.

Elementary developers know very well about what users want. They listens to those who work on their OS and develop the system in the appropriate direction. However, Elementary OS is already in excellent condition. As a result, the feeling arises that the developers remain only to contribute minor improvements. Anyone who needs a desktop distribution, offering a perfectly worked interface, will be very difficult to find something that can exceed Elementary OS. If you are looking for a system that is characterized by a wonderful level of reliability and ease of use, then Elementary OS is created specifically for you.

Best distribution for those who know what: Linux From Scratch

Very and very long, the Gentoo distribution was located on the top position of the list of distributions for those who are perfect in Linux and do not mind to demonstrate their knowledge and skills around. However, I think that Gentoo has come time to give the first place to the present leader in the Distribution Categories for Professionals: Linux from Scratch. You may seem that it is not very honest, since LFS, in fact, not quite distributive, and a project that helps users create their own distributions. However, if you are seriously configured to, not believing with difficulties, show everyone how much you know Linux, what could be better than self-creating distribution? Thanks to the LFS project, you can create your system literally from scratch, collect absolutely all from source code. So, if you really need it, download the LFS guide and proceed to work on your own distribution.

Best distribution for the Internet of Things: Ubuntu Core

For the second year in a row, the victory in this category goes Ubuntu Core, I do not see other options here. Ubuntu Core is a minimalist, Ubuntu transaction version, created specifically for use with embedded systems and in IoT projects. The reason that Ubuntu Core is so well suited for IoT is that the system pays special attention to SNAP packets - universal packages that can be installed without interfering with the basic system. These packages contain everything they need for work (including dependencies), as a result, working with them, you can not worry about the fact that their installation will break something in OS or in any other installed software. In addition, these packages are very easy to update and perform in an isolated environment, which makes them an excellent solution for IoT.

Another feature of the Ubuntu Core, which is related to security is a login mechanism. Ubuntu Core works with the Ubuntu One SSH keys, and everything is organized so that the only way to log in is to use the Ubuntu One and SSH keys. It helps to ensure a high level of security when working with IoT devices.

Ubuntu Core screen indicating that remote access Included for Ubuntu ONE user

Best Server Distribution: Ubuntu Server

In this area, everything looks somewhat confusing. The main thing in server distributions is support. If you need commercial support, then at first glance, it is best to choose Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Red Hat, during the years of existence, proved that Rhel is not only one of the strongest corporate server platforms, but also the most profitable opensor business in the world (with more than 2 billion annual income).

However, RHEL is not the only one server distribution. In fact, Red Hat is not even an absolute leader in the field of corporate server systems. If you look at the statistics on clouds only in Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, here Ubuntu is far ahead of Rhel. According to Cloud Market, EC2 data indicate that Rhel has less than 100 thousand deployments, while Ubuntu has more than 200 thousand. This is a very serious result.

As a result, it turns out that Ubuntu is an undisputed leader in cloud servers. And if you add here the ease of work with Ubuntu and with containers, it will be quite obvious that the Ubuntu Server distribution won a confident victory in the category of server systems. And if you need commercial support, Canonical can offer the Ubuntu Advantage program.

The only feature of Ubuntu Server, which may not like someone, is that by default, this system uses only a text interface. If you need, you can install a graphic shell here, but it is quite simple to work with the Ubuntu Server command line (perhaps this is one of those skills that you have to have every Linux administrator).

Ubuntu Server input screen containing information about available updates

The choice is yours

As already mentioned, a list of promising distributions is based on very subjective criteria, presented here. However, if you are interested in a certain area of \u200b\u200bactivity, and you are looking for your first OS in this area - test the system that was discussed. Each of them is designed for specific tasks, and each decides these tasks much better than many others. Although you can question what we said here, you most likely you will not argue with the fact that everyone can find in the world of Linux exactly what he needs.

Dear readers! According to the current tradition, we ask you to tell you about what and for what you use, and what Linux distributions you could recommend others.

Tags: Add Tags

Free and wide opportunities Linux are good reasons to try this OS, and maybe even completely go to it. Chip will tell how easy it is to install and configure.

The Linux free operating system has long been getting rid of "childhood diseases", such as poor support for equipment or lack of necessary programs. Now it can be used for entertainment, and for work. The most popular distribution is Linux Mint today. This operating system is almost twice the popularity of the nearest competitor - Ubuntu OS. According to the Distrowatch.com website, Mint 3473 transition per day against 1906 at Ubuntu. The basis of the ideology of the Linux MINT system is that all the features should be available "from the box". For example, after installing this distribution, it is not necessary to install additional multimedia codecs - it is immediately ready to perform the role of homemade media system.

However, some operations will still have to do. First, you need to correctly install Linux Mint. Although this process is simplified as much as possible and, as a rule, you can only press the "Forward" button, individual steps are individual for each PC. Secondly, immediately after installation, you must implement several settings. At the same time, it is not necessary to use the command line - all actions are performed through a friendly graphical interface.

Select the distribution option and creating an installation disk

This Linux distribution is distributed with multiple desktop options. On Chip DVD you will find MINT with KDE shell. This option is the most similar to the Windows desktop, and in addition, a variety of useful utilities are installed with it. Other versions of the system you can try by downloading an image from the official site linuxmint.com. For example, an alternative wall environment for Mint is called Cinnamon. It is a continuation of the GNOME 2-working environment project, whose ideology is largely similar to the Mac OS interface. For old computers, whose performance is too small for Windows, you can recommend the Linux Mint distribution with the XFCE graphic shell.

After you take a disk image from our disk or download it from the official site, it must be written on a clean DVD carrier. Make it possible with free program Infrarecorder (Infrarecorder.org). At the same time, make sure that you write the disk image, and not the file itself. In this program, you need to select the menu item "Actions | Write an image. "

Installation: Just and fast

Install Linux is not more difficult than other operating systems. In this case, the installer itself will detect other OS on the computer and placed MINT on free disk space.

1. Preparation for installation After you inserted the installation disk into your drive, you must select the DVD bootable device list. On the first screen, select the Start Linux Mint menu item. After a while you will see the desktop of the system. At this stage, MINT has not yet been installed on your computer, but is fully functional and almost identical to the OS that you will have after installation. You can familiarize yourself with the distribution, and then install its full version. To do this, click on the "Install Linux Mint" icon, which is on the desktop.

2. Distribution of the hard disk space In the setup window that opens, select the Russian language from the list and click the Forward button. Next, you will see the requirements for installing a distribution: the presence of sufficient volume on the hard disk, reliable power supply, etc. Make sure your computer meets all the requirements. After that, you can go to the most important step - the distribution of disk space. The choice is invited to automatically install MINT next to another existing operating system on the computer or erase the data on the entire disk and install the new OS using all the space. "Advanced" users can take advantage of the third option and make a breakdown of the hard drive alone. It is necessary to create at least two sections. The main must have a "/" mount point. A type file System It is better to leave the default - EXT4. You will also need to create a section of the paging. For him, you need to specify swap as a file system as a file system, and you do not need to specify the mount point. When creating sections, it is necessary to remember that the main partition for Linux Mint should take at least 4 GB of disk space.

3. Settings during installation During installation, you will need to answer a few questions. First you need to specify your time zone. You can do this by simply clicking on the map on the nearest city to you. Next, you must specify the keyboard layouts that you need. Both of these settings can be changed after installation in the "System Parameters" menu.

4. Security settingsAn important part of the installation is to create a new user. Enter the appropriate fields of the user itself and the name of the computer. Note that the Linux is the value of the encouraged symbol. For convenience, here you can mark the item "log in automatically" - then you will not need to enter the password each time the OS start. A good idea will update the system immediately after its installation. Click on the Start button analogue, located in the lower left corner of the screen, and enter the "update manager" in the search bar. Run the utility and click the Update button. After some time, all patches will be downloaded and installed. Alternative and more fast way Update the system - enter the necessary commands in the "Terminal" program. Open it, enter the Sudo APT-Get Update command and click "ENTER". Then, after it completes its work, type the "sudo apt-get upgrade" string.

Setup: System Tuning

As a rule, after installing Linux, everything works flawlessly - even most of the necessary programs are already installed. But if you wish, you can still improve the system and add software.

1. Selection of repositories Configuring work with repositories (sources of applications) on maximum speed, You can speed up the installation of programs and updates. Mint 15 has a built-in utility for managing repositories - Software Sources. It can be found in the "Computer | System Parameters. In the "Official Repositories" section, click on the name of the source. In the window that opens, you will see the "mirrors" repository sorted in the speed of working with them. Choose the fastest for you by clicking on it.

2. Installing proprietary drivers In Linux, it is usually not necessary to deal with the installation of drivers, and all components run "out of the box." However, for some devices, such as video cards, proprietary drivers are required, which are installed separately. This can be done using the Driver Manager utility. Open it by clicking on the button start menuand select "System Parameters | DRIVER MANAGER. Here, select the stable version of the driver (in front of it should be the inscription "Recommended"). After that click on "Apply Changes".

3. System Optimization After exceeding a certain Linux value, it places processes from RAM into the Swap section of the hard disk, access to which is slower. The parameter responsible for this is called "swappiness". When it is zero, it means that only rAM. If you have more than 2 GB of RAM, it makes sense to set the value "swappiness" equal to "20". To do this, open with administrator rights system file. The "sudo kate /etc/sysctl.conf" command and add the string "vm.swappiness \u003d 20" to the eas end. Save the changes and close the file. You can also speed up the system by installing the Preload program. Working in the background, it defines which applications are used most often, and stores them in the cache, from which they start faster. Install this software can be installed through the "program manager", finding it by name.

4. Use "cloud" repository "Cloud" services enjoy many people. But if a client for Dropbox can be easily installed from the repository, then until recently there was not official software for the fans of Yandex.Disc. Now you can download and install it yourself. To do this, open the repo.yandex.ru page in the browser. Download the necessary file with the DEB extension depending on whether you have a 32-bit or 64-bit system. Then click on it in the File Manager window. After the application is set, you must configure it. The developers have not yet been done for the graphical interface program, so run the Terminal program from the start menu. Here enter the "Yandex-Disk Setup" command and answer a number of questions by entering data account on Yandex. Please note that the terminal commands are supported by auto-compliance: for example, to enter "Yandex-Disk" sufficiently type "Yan" and press the Tab button.

Entertainment in Linux: Running Windows-Games without problems

Specially under Linux are not developed as many modern games, but it is compensated by the fact that you can run a lot of Windows games through the PlayonLinux emulator. Before it installs it, you will need three additional programs: 7z, Xterm and TTF-MSCorefont-Installer. Find them in the program manager by name and install. These utilities, by the way, are in any case it is useful to have on the computer. 7Z will allow you to open archive files different types, and the latter - use the usual Tahoma or Times fonts New Roman. In Linux. After installing PlayonLinux, you will see a list of supported games. Select the desired and click on it. The program downloads and installs all the necessary libraries and prompts you to specify the path to the installation file of the game or insert the disk. Next, everything will happen in the same way as with normal installation in Windows.

Safety OS and Accounts

There are no viruses in Linux, so the main vulnerability of the computer is the unreliable password of the user account. When creating this combination, use at least eight characters, and the capital, and uppercase letters, as well as numbers should be among them. The password should not coincide with your name or your personal data, such as, for example, the city of residence. You should not use Word Words with numbers added to them. You should not use the same combination for the system and for various network services. Good rule is to change the password every six months. It is more convenient to follow these recommendations using any special software. Generate reliable passwords for all accounts and reliably store them will help the KEEPASS program. It exists in versions for Linux, Windows and Android, and it is convenient to store its database in the cloud. If your current password seems to you unreliable, you can change it by performing the command "Sudo passwd user_sername" in the terminal. Then you need to enter the current and new passwords.

Moving with Windows: Applications

Although Mint is completed with dozens of programs for any needs, some of the popular utilities will have to be installed independently. However, in Linux this process is even easier than in Windows. For this operating system, thousands of applications are written, most of which are free. They are installed from repositories specific for each distribution. It is very convenient because there is no need to look for them separately on the Internet - it is enough to find the desired program in a single database using a special application manager. For most Windows-utilities in Linux there are analogues. If you are new to Linux, then you can find a replacement for your usual software.

In addition, many original Windows programs are available in Linux. They can be installed through the PlayonLinux emulator. In addition to games, it also helps to run a lot of Windows applications - office, multimedia, packages for working with graphics and many others.

If you want to replace the default program to work with a specific file type to another, more convenient for you, you must report this system. Then the next time the specified type of file will be opened in a new application. Make it can be in the "System Parameters | Default applications. So, you can make, for example, to open documents immediately in word program Instead of a regular Office Writer.