Frame antenna for T2. Simple antenna for digital television DVB-T2 do it yourself

Today, more and more people go to digital television T2 - here and channels are more, and the picture quality is better. To do this, urban residents establish at home antenna. But how to solve the question of those who live outside the city or shoot an apartment? It's easy enough to make an independent antenna for T2, it will be a favorable alternative to the factory antenna.

Made with your own hands, such digital antenna has certain advantages. First, this is a very cheap product. Secondly, it is often distinguished by a higher amplification ratio than the antenna from the store.

Since the digital television broadcast signal is distributed in the range of decimeter waves, then in our case any antenna DMV is suitable.

Copper wire

Wire model will become a simple solution for those who need a regular room antenna to watch TV channels. To make it, special knowledge is not required, a schoolboy will cope with it.

To make such an elementary design, you need to take only a copper wire with a length of 70-90 cm and a thickness of 2-3 mm. At one end attach it to the battery, and another insert the TV to the antenna connector.

Antenna for T2 from beer cans with their own hands

This method is the most common for homemade antenna assembly. It will go to the firm materials and no more than an hour of work.

Step by step description:
1 . Attach the cans to the bruus or pipe at a distance of 6-7 cm.
2 . Screw to banks screws.
3 . We take a coaxial cable, we clean the ends, insert into the screws.
4 . In order for the work of the homemakes does not affect the rain and snow, it is recommended to take a plastic bottle and make protection from it.

Antenna 8-ka for digital TV do it yourself: manufacturing technology

As a basis, the so-called "eight" was used, only without a reflector. The antenna web can be from any conductive material with a suitable cross section - for example, from a copper or aluminum wire with a thickness of 1-5 mm, tubes, strips, tires, angle, profile - with upper sides of 14 cm, side 13.

Here are approximate dimensions, some deviations can be allowed - if only the digital antenna worked with their own hands.
You need to measure a piece of a total length of 112 cm, then wire bend.

For the first part - 13 cm + 1 cm under the loop, on the next 6 sides - 14 cm, for the last side - 13 cm + 1 cm.

At the two ends, it should be cleaned about 1.5-2 cm, twisted two loops one over the other, and then squeeze the joint. This will turn out one contact connection of the cable. After 2 cm - the second. WHERE WILL BE PREPATING THE CENTER CURRENT, and where - the braid, it does not matter.

Measure the desired length of the cable.

We clean the cable from the antenna side - 2 cm, to the plug - 1 cm.

Behind the seafront of the soldering place should be pouring with glue from the gun.

As a result, a homemade antenna for T2 was turned out, which is easily attached anywhere - both on the eaves and the curtains.

Once a good television antenna was a deficit, buying quality and durability, to put it mildly, did not differ. Make an antenna for the "box" or "coffin" (old lamp TV) with their own hands was considered an indicator of skill. Interest in improvised antennas does not fuss in our day. There is nothing strange here: the conditions for receiving TV changed dramatically, and manufacturers believing that there is nothing significant in the theory of antennas and will not, most often adapt to the long-known designs of electronics, without thinking about the fact that The main thing for any antenna is its interaction with the signal on the air.

What has changed on the air?

Firstly, Almost the entire volume of TV broadcasting is currently carried out in the DMW range. First of all, from economic considerations, the antenna-feeder economy of transmitting stations is much simplified in it, and, more importantly, the need for its regular maintenance by highly qualified specialists engaged in heavy, harmful and dangerous labor.

Second - TV transmitters are now covered by their signal almost increasingly less inhabited locations.A developed communication network provides programs to the most deaf angles. There is a broadcast in the inhabited zone provide low-power mains transmitters.

Third changed the conditions for the distribution of radio waves in cities. On DMW, industrial interference is fascinated, but reinforced concrete high-rise buildings for them are good mirrors, repeatedly reserving the signal up to its complete attenuation in the zone, it would seem confident reception.

Fourth - TV programs on the air are now a lot, dozens and hundreds. As far as many things are diverse and meaningfully - another question, but count on reception 1-2-3 channels now meaningless.

Finally, received digital broadcasting. DVB T2 signal is a special thing. Where it is still a little bit, by 1.5-2 dB, exceeds noises, the reception is excellent, as if nothing had happened. And a little further or aside - no, as cut off. There is almost no sensitive to the interference "figure", but when mismatching with cable or phase distortion, anywhere in the path, from the camera to the tuner, the picture can crumble in squares and at a strong clean signal.

Requirements for antennam

In accordance with the new conditions of admission, the basic requirements for TV antennas have changed:

Its parameters such as a directional coefficient (CBD) and the coefficient of protective action (KZD) currently determining values \u200b\u200bdo not have: the modern ester is very dirty, and in a tiny lateral petal of the oriental diagram (DN), at least some interference, and breaks, and It is already necessary to fight her by means of electronics.
Instead, its own antenna gain (QU) acquires particular importance. Antenna, well "Own" Ether, and not looking at it through a small hole, will give a power supply of the received signal, allowing electronics to clean it from noise and interference.
Modern television antenna, for the rarest exceptions, should be a range, i.e. her electrical parameters Must be preserved naturally, at the level of the theory, and not to be squeezed into an acceptable framework by engineering tricks.
TV antenna must be coordinated in the cable in all its operating frequency range without additional devices Coordination and symmetrization (UCU).
The amplitude-frequency characteristic of the antenna (ACH) must be more smooth. Sharp emissions and failures certainly accompany phase distortion.

The last 3 points are due to the requirements for receiving digital signals. Customized, i.e. Working theoretically at one frequency, the antenna can "stretch" by frequency, for example. The "Wave Channel" type antennas for DMW with an acceptable signal-to-noise ratio capture 21-40 channels. But their coordination with the feeder requires the use of an uss that either strongly absorb the signal (ferrite), or spoil the phase characteristic on the edges of the range (configured). And the "digit" such an antenna perfectly operating on the "analogue" will take badly.

In this regard, from the whole great antenna manifold, in this article there will be considered antennas for the TV, accessible to independent manufacture, the following types:

Frequently dependent (Vesvolovaya) - It does not differ in high parameters, but very simple and cheap, it can be made literally in an hour. Over the city, where the ether is more widely, it will be completely able to take a digit or a fairly powerful analogue not a small distance from television center.
Range baroque. Her, figuratively speaking, you can like the fishing trawl, already when weaving the prey. It is also quite simple, perfectly consistent with the feeder in the entire range, absolutely does not change the parameters in it. TechAparameters are average, so it is more suitable for the cottage, and in the city as a room.
Several modifications of a zigzag antenna, or z-antennas. In the MV range, this is a very solid design that requires a considerable skill and time. But on the DMB, as a result of the principle of geometric similarity (see below), it is so simplified and it is proper, which can be used as a highly efficient room antenna with almost any means of reception.

Note: Z-antenna, if you use the previous analogy - a frequent grade, crouching everything in the water. As the ether suits, it was out of use, but with the development of digital TV, it turned out to be at a horse - in the entire range it is also well coordinated and holds parameters as "speech therapist".

Accurate coordination and symmetrization of almost all the antennas described below is achieved due to the cable laying through the so-called. Point of zero potential. It is subject to special requirements, which will be mentioned below.

On vibratory antennas

In the frequency band of one analog channel can be transferred to several tens of digital. And, as already mentioned, the number works with insignificant signal / noise. Therefore, in very distant from televal, where the signal of one or two channels barely fines, places, for receiving digital TV can be used and an old good wave channel (AVC, antenna wave channel), from the class of vibratory antennas, so that at the end will pay several lines. And she.

About satellite reception

To do satellite antenna There is no point. The head and tuner should still be bought, and for the outer simplicity of the mirror, the parabolic surface of the oblique fall, which, with the necessary accuracy, can be performed by any industrial enterprise. The only thing on the power of homemade workers is to configure the satellite antenna, about it.

On the parameters of the antennas

The exact definition of the antennas mentioned above requires knowledge of higher mathematics and electrodynamics, but to understand their value, starting the manufacture of antenna, you need. Therefore, we will give a few rude, but still explaining the meaning of the definition (see Fig. Right):

Ku is the ratio of the adopted antenna on the main (main) petal of its DN signal power, to its own power adopted in the same place and at the same frequency of non-directional, with circular, day, antenna.
KND - the ratio of the body angle of the entire sphere to the corporal corner of the opening of the main petal of the DN, as an assumption that its cross section is a circle. If the main petal has different sizes in different planes, it is necessary to compare the area of \u200b\u200bthe sphere and the cross section of the main petal.
KDZD - the ratio of the signal received to the main petal of the signal power to the amount of noise power at the same frequency adopted by all side (rear and side) petals.

Notes:

If the antenna is a range, power is considered at the frequency of the useful signal.

Since absolutely non-directional antennas does not happen, for such a half-life linear dipole, oriented towards the electrical field of the field (by its polarization). It is considered to be equal to 1. TV programs are transmitted with horizontal polarization.

It should be remembered that ku and the CBD are not necessarily interrelated. There are antennas (for example. "Spyware" is a single-conducting antenna of a running wave, an ABB) with a high orientation, but a single or less amplification. These are looking away in the distance through a dioptric sight. On the other hand, there are antennas, for example. Z-antenna, in which a low orientation is combined with significant amplification.

About impropers of manufacture

All elements of the antennas for which the currents of the beneficial signal occur (specifically in the descriptions of individual antennas), should be connected with soldering or welding. In any precast node in the open air, the electric contact will soon break, and the antenna parameters deteriorate sharply, up to its complete disrepair.

This is especially true of zero potential points. In them, as experts say, there is a voltage assembly and duck, i.e. Its greatest value. Current at zero voltage? Nothing amazing. Electrodynamics left Ohm's law on constant current as far as the T-50 from the air serpent.

Places with dots of zero potential for digital antennas are best done bent made of solid metal. A small "creeping" current on welding when taking an analogue in the picture, most likely will not affect. But, if a digit is taken on the border of noise, then the tuner due to the "Crack" may not see the signal. Which, with a clean current in the beacon, would give a stable reception.

About soldering cable

Braid (and the central lived often) modern coaxial cables are made not from copper, but from stubborn to corrosion and inexpensive alloys. They roll badly and, if you warmly warm, you can overheet the cable. Therefore, it is necessary to solder cables with a 40-W soldering iron, a low-melting point and with flux pasta instead of rosin or alcoholifoli. Pastes do not need to regret, the solder immediately spreads through the braid veins only under the boiling flux layer.

Views of antennas

Vsevolovaya

Vesvolovaya (more precisely, frequently dependent, cn) antenna is shown in Fig. It is two triangular metal plates, two wooden slats, and many copper enameled wires. The diameter of the wire value does not have, and the distance between the seams of the wire on the rails is 20-30 mm. The gap between the plates to which other ends of the wire are soldered - 10 mm.

Note: Instead of two metal plates, it is better to take a square from one-sided foil fiberglass in the cut-cut triangles.

The width of the antenna is equal to its height, the opening angle of the canvas is 90 degrees. The cable laying circuit is shown there in Fig. The point marked with yellow is the point of quasi-zero potential. The cable braid in it is not necessary in it, it is not necessary to tight enough to tight, there will be enough containers between the braid and the web.

CNA, stretched in a window with a width of 1.5 m, takes all meter and DCM channels with almost all directions, except for the failure of about 15 degrees in the plane of the canvas. In this, its advantage in places where signals from different television steps are possible, no need to rotate. Disadvantages - single ku and zero KZD, therefore, in the zone of the interference and outside the zone of confident reception, the CNA is not suitable.

Note : There are other types of CNA, for example. in the form of a double logarphymic spiral. It is compacting the CNA of triangular cloths in the same frequency range, so it is sometimes used in the technique. But in everyday life, this advantage does not give, make a spiral chanage more difficult, with coaxial cable, harder, so we do not consider.

Based on the CNA, a very popular once wanted vibrator (horns, flyer, slingshot) was created, see fig. His knd and KDD is about 1.4 with a rather smooth response and linear FFH, so for the figure it would come now. But it works only on MV (1-12 channels), and digital broadcasting goes to DMV. However, on the village, with a lift of 10-12 m, it can be consolidated to receive analogue. Mast 2 can be from any material, but fastening strips 1 - from a good non-filling dielectric: fiberglass or fluoroplast with a thickness of at least 10 mm.

Beer Nobolovka

Vsevolovaya Antenna from beer cans is clearly not the fruit of wary hallucinations of a well-spawn radio amateur. It is really a very good antenna for all cases of reception, you just need to make it right. And extremely simple.

At the heart of its design, the following phenomenon: If you increase the diameter of the shoulder of the ordinary linear vibrator, then the operating bar of its frequencies is expanding, and other parameters remain unchanged. In the long-term radio communications from the 20s, the so-called is used. Dipole Napenenko, based on this principle. And the beer banks are just suitable as the shoulders of the vibrator on the DMW. In essence, CNA and there is a dipole whose shoulders are unlimited expanding to infinity.

The simplest beer vibrator of two cans is suitable for room reception of analogue in the city, even without coordination with the cable, if its length is not more than 2 m, on the left in Fig. And if you collect a vertical syphanit grille from beer dipoles with a pitch to the half-wave (right in Fig.), Coordinate it and check with the help of an amplifier from the Polish antenna (it will be more about it), then thanks to the compression of the main petal of the Vertical Vertical, such an antenna will give and Good ku.

Strengthening "Pivnuhi" can still be increased by adding the KDD at the same time if the screen is made from the grid at a distance equal to half the grid steps. Mounted beer grille on a dielectric mast; Mechanical connections of the screen with mast - also dielectric. The rest is clear from the trail. Fig.

Note: the optimal number of lattice floors is 3-4. With 2 gains in strengthening it will be small, and more difficult to agree with the cable.

Video: Production of the simplest antenna from beer cans

"Setaging"

The logoeriodic antenna (LPA) is a collecting line, to which half of linear dipoles are alternately connected (i.e., pieces of conductor in a quarter of a working wave), the length and the distance between which are changed in geometric progression with the indicator less than 1, in the center in Fig. The line can be both configured (from the CZ on the opposite of the connection of the cable end) and free. LPA on a free (unconfigured) line for receiving the numbers is preferable: it comes out longer, but its frequency response and FCH are smooth, and the coordination with the cable does not depend on the frequency, so we will stop on it.

LPA may be made on any, up to 1-2 GHz, the specified frequency range. When the operating frequency changes, its active region of 1-5 dipole is shifted back and forth to the canvas. Therefore, the closer the progression rate to 1, and, accordingly, less an antenna opening an antenna, the greater the strengthening it will give, but at the same time its length increases. On dmv from the outer LPa, 26 dB can be achieved, and from room - 12 dB.

LPA, can be said, on the totality of the qualities The perfect digital antennaTherefore, we will stop on its calculation several more. The main thing is that it is necessary to know that an increase in the progression rate (Tau in Fig.) Gives an increase in amplification, and the decrease in the angle of disclosing LPA (ALPHA) increases the direction. The screen for LP is not needed, it almost does not affect its parameters.

The calculation of digital LPA has features:

Start it, for the sake of stock in frequency, from the second length of the vibrator.
Then, taking the reverse magnitude of the progression indicator, the longest dipole is calculated.
After the shortest, based on the specified frequency range, dipole, add another one.

Let us explain on the example. Suppose ours digital programs Lying in the range of 21-31 TVK, i.e. in 470-558 MHz in frequency; The wavelengths respectively - 638-537 mm. We also assume that we need to take a weak roaring signal away from the station, so we take the maximum (0.9) progression indicator and the minimum (30 degrees) angle of disclosure. To calculate, it will take half the angle of opening, i.e. 15 degrees in our case. The discontinuity can be further reduced, but the antenna length is prohibitive, according to Kotangent, will increase.

We consider B2 in fig: 638/2 \u003d 319 mm, and the shoulders of the dipole will be 160 mm, you can round up to 1 mm. The calculation will need to lead until it turns out Bn \u003d 537/2 \u003d 269 mm, and then calculate another dipole.

Now we consider A2 as B2 / TG15 \u003d 319 / 0.26795 \u003d 1190 mm. Then, through the progression indicator, A1 and B1: A1 \u003d A2 / 0.9 \u003d 1322 mm; B1 \u003d 319 / 0.9 \u003d 354.5 \u003d 355 mm. Next, in series, starting with B2 and A2, we multiply on the indicator until we do up to 269 mm:

B3 \u003d B2 * 0.9 \u003d 287 mm; A3 \u003d A2 * 0.9 \u003d 1071 mm.
B4 \u003d 258 mm; A4 \u003d 964 mm.

Stop, we have less than 269 mm. We check whether it will be put on strengthening, although it is so clear that there is no: to get 12 dB and more, the distance between dipoles should not exceed 0.1-0.12 wavelengths. In this case, we have for B1 A1-A2 \u003d 1322 - 1190 \u003d 132 mm, and this is 132/638 \u003d 0.21 wavelengths B1. You need to "tighten" the indicator to 1, to 0.93-0.97, so we try different while the first difference A1-A2 is not shrinking twice and more. For a maximum of 26 dB, the distance between dipoles is 0.03-0.05 wavelengths, but at least 2 diameters of the dipole, 3-10 mm per DMV.

Note: the remainder of the line for the shortest dipole, cut, it is only needed for the calculation. Therefore, the real length of the finished antenna will be only about 400 mm. If our LAP is outdoor, it is very good: you can reduce the discontinuity, having gained great direction and protection against interference.

Video: Antenna for digital TV DVB T2

About line and mast

The diameter of the LAP line tubes on the DMW is 8-15 mm; The distance between their axes is 3-4 diameters. We take into account yet that thin cables are "shoelaces" give such attenuation on the meter that all the antenna-amplifying tricks will come to no. Coaxial for the outer antenna must be taken a good, with a diameter of the shell from 6-8 mm. Those., Tubes for the line must be thin-walled solrencies. Touch the cable to line outside it is impossible, the quality of LPA will fall sharply.

It is necessary to mount the outdoor LPA to the mast, of course, for the center of gravity, otherwise the small sailboat of the LPA will turn into a huge and shaking. But it is impossible to connect a metal mast directly with the line too: it is necessary to provide a dielectric insert at least 1.5 m long. The quality of a large role dielectric is not playing here, a poles and painted tree will go.

On the Antenna "Delta"

If DMV LPA is consistent with the cable amplifier (see further, about Polish antennas), then the shoulders of a meter dipole, linear or fan, like "slingshot" can be attached to the line. Then we get a universal MV-DMV antenna of excellent quality. This solution is used in the popular "Delta" antenna, see Fig.

Antenna "Delta"

Zigzag on the air

The z-antenna with the reflector gives strengthening and the CDDs are the same as LPA, but the main petal of its bottoms is more than twice as wide horizontally. It may be important to the village when there is a TV reception from different directions. And the decimeter z-antenna has small in terms of size, which is essential for room reception. But its working range is theoretically not impaired, overlapping frequency while saving acceptable parameters for numbers - up to 2.7.

The design of the Z-antenna MV is shown in Fig; Red highlighted the path of cable laying. In the same place below - a more compact ring version, in the spaciousness - "Spider". It is clearly clear that the z-antenna was born as a combination of CNA with a range of vibrator; There is something in it from the rhombic antenna, which does not fit into the topic. Yes, the "Spider" ring does not have to be wooden, it may be a metal hoop. "Spider" takes 1-12 mV channels; DN without a reflector - almost circular.

The classic zigzag works or 1-5, or 6-12 channels, but for its manufacture, only wooden rails are needed, the copper enameled wire Cd \u003d 0.6-1.2 mm and a few trimming of foil fiberglass, so we give dimensions through Fraction for 1-5 / 6-12 channels: a \u003d 3400/950 mm, b, C \u003d 1700/450 mm, B \u003d 100/28 mm, B \u003d 300/100 mm. At the point E - zero potential, here you need to solder a braid with a metallized support plate. The dimensions of the reflector, also 1-5 / 6-12: a \u003d 620/175 mm, b \u003d 300/130 mm, r \u003d 3200/900 mm.

Range z-antenna with a reflector gives a 12 dB gain, configured to one channel - 26 dB. To build a single-channel based on the band zigzag, you need to take the side of the square of the canvas in the middle of its width in a quarter of the wavelength and recalculate in proportion to all other dimensions.

People's Zigzag

As you can see, the Z-Antenna MV is a rather complex structure. But her principle shows itself in all shine on the DMW. The Z-Antenna of the DMW with capacitive inserts, combining the dignity of the "classics" and "spider", is so simple that she still has deserved the title of folk, see fig.

Material - copper tube or aluminum leaf thick from 6 mm. Side squares are solid metal or tightened by a grid, or closed with tin. In the last two cases, they need to be sued along the contour. Coaxial can not be changed sharply, so we lead it so that it reaches the side angle, and then did not go beyond the capacitive insert (side square). In t. A (zero potential), the cable braid is electrically connected with the web.

Note: aluminum is not soldered by ordinary solders and fluxes, so aluminum "folk" is suitable for an outdoor installation only after sealing electrical connections with silicone, it is all on the screws.

Video: An example of a double triangular antenna

Wave canal

Antenna Wave Channel (AVC), or antenna Udo-Yagi from available to independent manufacture is able to give the largest ku, CBD and KDD. But it can only take the digit on the DMW only on 1 or 2-3 adjacent channels, because Refers to the class of acutely configured antennas. Its parameters outside the setting frequency deteriorate sharply. AVC is recommended to apply with very bad conditions of reception, and for each TCE to do separate. Fortunately, this is not very difficult - AVK is simple and cheap.

At the heart of WCC - "Sgsh" the electromagnetic field (EMF) signal to the active vibrator. Externally, small, light, with minimal sailboat, AVC may have an effective aperture in tens of operating frequency waves. Shortened and therefore having a capacitive impedance ( impedance) Directors (senders) send EMP to the active vibrator, and the reflector (reflector), elongated, with inductive impedance, discarded something that slipped past. The reflector in AVC is needed only 1, but directors can be from 1 to 20 or more. What they are more, the higher the strengthening of AVK, but already the band of its frequencies.

From interaction with the reflector and directors, the wave resistance of the active (from which the signal is removed) the vibrator falls the more, the closer to the maximum gain the antenna is configured, and the coordination with the cable is lost. Therefore, the active dipole AVC is made by loop, its initial wave resistance is not 73 ohms, like a linear, and 300 ohms. At the cost of its decline to 75 ohms AVK with three directors (five-element, see fig. Right) It is possible to configure almost the maximum gain of 26 dB. Characteristic for AVC DN in the horizontal plane is shown in Fig. At the beginning of the article.

The elements of AVC are connected to the arrow at the points of zero potential, so the mast and boom can be any. Propylene pipes are very well suited.

The calculation and setting of AVK under analogue and the figure are somewhat different. Under the analogue of the wave channel, it is necessary to count on the carrier frequency of the image FD, and under the figure - on the middle of the TWEC FC spectrum. Why so - here to explain, unfortunately, there is no place. For the 21st TVK FD \u003d 471.25 MHz; FC \u003d 474 MHz. DMW TDCs are located close to each other after 8 MHz, so their configuration frequencies for AVC are simply calculated: fn \u003d fd / fc (21 TVK) + 8 (N - 21), where N is the number the right canal. Eg For 39 TVK FD \u003d 615.25 MHz, and fc \u003d 610 MHz.

In order not to record the set of numbers, it is convenient to express the size of AVC in the fractions of the working wave length (it is considered as l \u003d 300 / f, MHz). The wavelength is made to designate a small Greek letter of the lambda, but because there is no default in the Internet of the Greek alphabet, we conventionally denote by her big Russian L.

Sizes optimized under the figure of AVC, in fig. Such:

P \u003d 0.52l.
B \u003d 0.49l.
D1 \u003d 0.46l.
D2 \u003d 0.44l.
D3 \u003d 0.43l.
a \u003d 0.18l.
b \u003d 0.12l.
c \u003d d \u003d 0.1l.

If you do not need a big gain, but it is more important to reduce the dimensions of AVK, then D2 and D3 can be removed. All vibrators are performed from a tube or a rod with a diameter of 30-40 mm for 1-5 TVK, 16-20 mm for 6-12 TVs and 10-12 mm per DMV.

AVC requires accurate agreement with the cable. It is the negligent fulfillment of the device for coordination and symmetrization (ICS), most of the failures of lovers are explained. The simplest UCS for AVK - U-loop from the same coaxial cable. Its design is clear from fig. on right. The distance between the signal terminals 1-1 140 mm for 1-5 TVK, 90 mm for 6-12 TVs and 60 mm per DMV.

Theoretically, the length of the knee L should be half the length of the working wave, and this is central to most publications on the Internet. But the EMF in the U-loop is concentrated inside the insulation of the cable, so it is necessary (for the figure it is especially necessary) to take into account its shortening coefficient. For 75-ohm coaxials, it fluctuates in the range of 1.41-1.51, i.e. l You need to take from 0.355 to 0.330 wavelengths, and take sure that AVK was AVK, and not a set of glands. The exact value of the shortening coefficient is always in the Cable certificate.

Recently, the domestic industry began to produce redirected AVC for numbers, see fig. Idea, I must say, excellent: Moving elements on arrows, you can accurately configure an antenna for local reception conditions. Better, of course, to make this specialist - the elemental setting of AVC is interdependent, and the amateur is certainly confused.

About "Poles" and amplifiers

Many users have Polish antennas, previously adopted analogue, the digit to take refuse - rushes, or even disappears. The reason, I apologize, a sick-commercial approach to electrodynamics. Sometimes sometimes it happens for colleagues that slept such a "miracle": the response and FFH are similar to the hedgehog-psoriaznik, or a horsepior comb with broken teeth.

The only thing that is good in the "Poles" is their antenna amplifiers. Actually, they do not give SIM products to sneak. Amplifiers "Schek", firstly, broadband low-noise. And, more importantly - with high-resistance. This allows for the same tension of the EMF signal on the air to submit to the input of the tuner several times more of its power, which allows the electronics to "pull out" the figure from very ugly noise. In addition, due to the large input resistance, the Polish amplifier is the perfect UCU for any antennas: that neither cling to the entrance, at the exit - exactly 75 ohms without reflects and spinning.

However, with a very bad signal, outside the zone of confident reception, the Polish amplifier no longer pulls. It is supplied to it on the cable, and the diet is taking a 2-3 dB signal-to-noise relationship, which can not be enough for the figure to go to the outback itself. Here you need a good TV signal amplifier with separate meals. It will most likely be located, near the tuner, and the UCU for antenna, if required, will have to do separately.

The scheme of such an amplifier, which showed almost 100% repeatability even when performing novice radio amateurs, is shown in Fig. Adjusting gain - P1 potentiometer. Throtes of junction L3 and L4 - standard purchased. Coils L1 and L2 are performed in size on the mounting scheme on the right. They are part of the bandwidth filters of the signal, so small deviations of their inductance are not critical.

However, the mounting (configuration) of the installation must be observed for sure! And the metal screen (Metal Shield), separating the output chains from other schemes, is also required.

Where to begin?

We hope that experienced wizards will find a certain amount of information useful information in this article. And beginners, not yet feeling the air, it is best to start with the beer antenna. The author of the article, by no means an amateur in this field, at one time was quite surprised: the simplest "beer" with ferrite agreement, as it turned out, and MV takes no worse than the "slingshot". And what should be done and the other - see text.

(2 estimates, average: 4,00 out of 5)

said:

And on the roof was a satisfactory on the pole. I have 70 - 80 kilometers to telecentra. Here are my problems. From the balcony, you can catch with 30 channels of pieces of 3 - 4 and then with "cubes". I sometimes watch TV channels from the Internet on your computer in my room, and my wife in his TV cannot normally watch your favorite channels. Neighbors advise to hold cable, but for him you need to pay every month, and I already cry for the Internet, and the pension is not rubber. Everything with her by Tian, \u200b\u200bpull and everything is missing.

Peter Copritonenko said (a):

It is not possible to put an antenna on the roof of the house, the neighbors swear that I go and break the front roof coating and then the ceiling occurs. Actually, I am very "grateful" to the economist who received himself a premium for savings. It is possible to remove the costly duplex roof from the houses and replace it with a flat roof covered with a bad rubberoid. The economist received money for savings, and people on the last floors now all their lives are tormented. Water flows to them on the head and on the bed. They change the runneroid every year, and it comes in disrepair for the season. In frosty weather, he gives cracks and rain water and snow flowing into the apartment, even if no one walks on the roof !!!

Sergey said (a):

Greetings!
Thanks for the article, and the author who (I do not see signatures)?
LPA on the above method works perfectly, dmv 30 and 58 channels. Tested in the city (reflected signal) and the city, distance to the transmitter (1 kW), respectively: 2 and 12 km about. Practice has shown that in the dipole "B1" there is no sharp necessity, but another dipole before the shortest affects significantly, judging by the signal intensity in%. Especially in the conditions of the city, where it is necessary to catch (in my case) a reflected signal. Only I made an antenna with the "KZ", it turned out, it simply did not turn out to be a suitable insulator.
In general, I recommend.

Vasily said (a):

IMHO: The people are looking for an antenna for admission of the EDTs, forget about LPA. These wide-band antennas were created in the second half of the 50s (!!) of the last century in order to catch foreign television vehicles on the shores of the Soviet Baltic States. In the magazines of that time it was shyly called the "superdasses". Well, they loved at the Riga seaside at night to watch Swedish porn ...

In terms of appointment, I can also say about "double, triple, etc. Squares ", as well as any" zigzags ".

Compared to a similar in the range and strengthening the "wave channel" of LPa more cumbersome and material consumption. The calculation of the LPA is complicated, intricate and rather rather for fortune telling and fitting results.

If you are broadcasting in your region in your neighboring dmv channels (I have 37-38) the best decision Spass a book in the network: Kapchainsky L.M. Television antennas (2nd edition, 1979) and make a "wave canal" for the DMW channel group (if you have broadcasting above 21-41 channels, you will have to recalculate) described on page 67 and further (Fig. 39, Table 11).
If the transmitter 15 - 30 km antenna can be simplified by making it four - five element, simply without installing the directors of D, E and J.

For very close transmitters, we recommend room antennas, by the way, in the same book on page 106 - 109, drawings are drawings of wide-range room "Wave Channel" and LPA. "Wave Channel" is visually less, easier and graceful with greater gain!

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Gradually, everyone refuses analog television, giving preference to digital broadcasting. The largest providers are also rebuilt to work with a newer, modern format. The era of analog TV is gradually coming to an end.

In order for the previously installed home the antenna devices to finalize the resource, it is sufficient to connect to the DVB-T TV receiver, as a result digital signals will be accepted correctly.

You can make an antenna for digital television with your own hands, so it is absolutely optionally to go to the store and spend extra money. Any special skills or equipment will be required, you can create the necessary design with the help of remedies.

Now will answer the question in detail how to make an antenna for digital TV. Carefully analyze the process, select the optimal material, as well as carry out all the necessary calculations. Nevertheless, first understand with theoretical nuances.

Despite the signal format, it is transmitted from the emitters of the tower. Receiving a wave channel provides an antenna device. To receive a digital signal, a sinusoidal form is required with the maximum possible frequency that is measured in MHz.

When the electromagnetic wave passes through the surface of the receiving rays of the antenna, it is visually voltage. Each wave contributes to the formation of various potential, marking it with its characteristic sign.

Under the action of the induced voltage in the closed receiving circuit with the resistance R flows electrically current. He gradually increases. Processing is carried out by the television circuit, the picture is displayed on the monitor, and the sound is translated through speakers.

Connect digital broadcasting using an ordinary room antenna will not work. First, you will need an intermediate link that will ensure the decoding of information - the DVB-T receiver. Secondly, the decimeter antenna or antenna of Turkin for DVB should be used.

Antenna Eight

How to make such an antenna with your own hands? First you need to prepare the material. Then hold the appropriate calculations. At the final stage, collect the design and connect to the TV. Nothing difficult. Each user will cope with such a task.

Materials for assembling antenna

Make an antenna for digital television will not be much difficult. The list of materials used will vary depending on the type of antenna device. For example, if you wish, you can make it even from the most common beer cans.

For the production of good and simple TV antenna digital channels It will take copper or aluminum wire with a thickness of 2 to 5 millimeters. In general, it will be necessary to create such a design for only 1 hour. You also need to use:

tube;
corner;
copper or aluminum strip.

IN obligatory It will take a tool that will allow you to untap the framework of the necessary form. To get a wire, use the hammer, pre-fixing the material in the vice.

The antenna is done with their own hands not only from the wire, but also from the cable (coaxial). Pick up the plug that will match the connector of your TV. Naturally, it is also necessary to fix the design, the bracket is made from the primary materials.

As for the cable, it must be taken with resistance in the range of 50-75 ohms. Special attention should be paid to isolation if the device is posted on the street.

The attachment specificity is determined in accordance with where the design will be. For example, residents of multi-storey houses will be able to make an antenna for digital TV and hang it as home, i.e. On curtains. For this, large pins will be required, which will perform the functions of the fastener.

However, if you want the created device to be placed on the roof, then you need to make a bracket. This will require a file, soldering iron and a feet.

With a spiral antenna dealt with, but you can also make another design - a double square. It is made of copper, brass or aluminum tubes. Less frequently, a wire is 3-6 mm thick. In general, the choice of material is determined in accordance with the MV by the range and number of channels.

Double square - two frames that are connected by the top and bottom arrow. Little frame - vibrator, and big - reflector. To achieve maximum gain factor, increase the number of frames up to three. Third Square - Director.

Mast must be made of wood. At a minimum, its upper part. Please note that it should start at a distance from one and a half meters from the level of the framework.

So, step by step instructions:

Take a coaxial cable and read it on both ends.
One end will be attached to the antenna, the wire must stick to 2 cm.
Screen and braid are twisted into the harness.
We get two conductor.
Speed \u200b\u200bthe plug with the second edge of the cable. Distance in 1 cm is sufficient. If you use a crimp metal plug, you can skip further items.
Raise and make 2 more conductors.
Plug soldering places wipe with alcohol.
Put on the wire plastic part of the plug.
Monashed is soldered to the central inclusion of the plug.
A multi-moist harness is soldered to the side inlet of the plug.
Cut the grip around the isolation.
Screw the plastic tip or pour glue.

Payment

To configure the reception of digital broadcasting, it is absolutely optionally to calculate the wavelength. Just try to make a broadband design. According to the result, you can take maximum amount Signals. To achieve this result, add additional items to the T2 antenna. It is about them that will be discussed.

The calculation of the digital TV antenna is based on the determination of the wave of signal translation. Divide this value by 4, as a result, get the required side of the square. To determine the distance between the two components of the device, make outdoor sides of the rhombuses a little longer, therefore, the internal on the contrary should be shorter.

If you independently calculate the size of the antenna, there is no desire, use already ready-made drawings:

The inner side of the rectangle is 13 cm.
The outer side of the rectangle is 14 cm.

The difference in the distance between the squares, by the way they do not need to be connected, the extreme plots give the necessary maneuver to fold the loop. It is to it that the coaxial antenna wire is attached.

Manufacturing antenna

If you calculate the entire length, then in the end we will get a value of 112 centimeters. Cut the wire or any other material that you plan to use, take a ruler and passage, begin to bend the design. The angle should be equal to 90 degrees. If the side length does not match, nothing terrible, a small error is permissible.

Initial data in the manufacture of antenna for digital TV:

The first element is 13 centimeters and 1 centimeter on the loop, by the way, you can immediately bend it.
Two elements of 14 centimeters.
Two through 13 centimeters, but it should be a turn of the opposite direction, the inflection is created here to another square.
Two more sections of 14 centimeters.
The latter is identical to the first.

Antenna frame for digital TV is ready. If you are all done correctly, then between 2 halves in the middle there was a gap of several centimeters. Naturally, there may be minor discrepancies. After that, the loops and portions of the inflection must be cleaned until the metal is visible. Processing is carried out by sandpaper with small grain. We connect the loops, crimp the passatages to fix their position.

The design itself is ready, but to function the antenna for T2 correctly, the cable should be processed. We start with bilateral stripping wires. One edge will connect directly to the antenna. It is necessary to clean the cable in this area so that the cord sticks to about two centimeters. If it turned out a little more, the residue can be further cut into the future.

Twisting the screen and braid cable, as a result, we get 2 conductor - the central lived and the twisted item from several braid wires. All this must be listed.

Using a soldering station we solder the plug to the second edge of the cable. It is enough centimeter length, small errors are permissible. According to the previously described, the principle needs to make a couple of conductors and lick them.

The plug is located in those areas where the soldering will be carried out in the future, wipe with alcohol or a special solvent. Then using a feet or emery, we carry out stripping. Put plastic element plug on the cord. Now start to solder. At the central entrance, attach the core, and to the side - a stranded braid. Around the insulation, degress the grip.

Screw the tip of plastic, some specialists and at all to enhance fixation are poured with glue or special sealant. While the fixing base is not frozen, promptly assemble the plug, screwing the plastic part, and then remove the excess glue or sealant. As a result, it will be possible to maximize the duration of the plug operational period. Homemade created, it's time to connect it.

Connection

Connect the cable and frame of the self-made DVB T2 antenna. It is absolutely optionally to make binding to any particular channel, so solder the cord in the middle. As a result, a broadband antenna will be created, which takes the maximum number of TV channels. The second separated end of the wire, solder to two other sides again in the middle, previously you were cleaned, as well as Ludili. To expand the reception range, do not solder the cable below.

When the design is collected, it must be checked. We connect the tuner and turn on the TV. If digital television catches, for example, you managed to configure 20 channels, you need to finally complete the assembly. Pour sealant sections in which soldered.

However, if there are very few active channels, or there are certain interference, then you need to find a place in which there will be an optimal signal. In the absence of positive changes, change the antenna cable. To simplify the process of testing as much as possible, use the telephone wire, it is quite cheap. Sold down the plug and frames. If the signal quality has improved, it means that the case is really in the cable. The digital prefix will broadcast channels, even if noodles are used, but as practice shows, its life is extremely limited.

To protect the plots of cable connection and the antenna frames from precipitation and other impacts of the atmosphere, wrap the soldering places with the most ordinary insulating ribbon. However, this is not a durable solution. A more efficient option is to install on the site of the soldering of shrink tubes, which will ensure proper isolation.

An alternative with maximum reliability - glue or sealant. The fact is that these substances do not conduct a current. Be sure to make the housing for the antenna, for this suitable the most ordinary plastic cover. If necessary, make a deepening so that the frame "smallest", do not forget about the withdrawal of the cord. Fill the sealant and wait until it dry. Everything is ready to connect the equipment and enjoy digital TV.

Double or triple square for a weaker signal

The TV antenna is used in villages, at dachas and in areas that are located on the border of the coating zone of television tag. The device allows you to make even a very weak signal. If you do everything correctly, the power of the TV signal will increase markedly.

A double or triple square has only one disadvantage - you need to send the design to the signal source with maximum accuracy. Therefore, if you do not know where the tower is located, the complexity will arise.

The number of frames determines the quality of the signal. Therefore, if you are outside the coverage zone, you can not be limited to 2-3 frames, you can do and 5. Do not open the antenna with varnish or paint it. This is negatively reflected on the quality of the signal reception.

What are the strengths of the design? First of all, the quality of reception. Even if you are away from the repeater, the signal will be clear. However, achieve positive result It will be possible only if the user correctly define the size of the framework and the matching device.

Materials

To make an antenna yourself for digital TV, you need to prepare materials that will be used to make the design. An antenna made of metal tubes or wires:

1-5 meter band channel - copper, brass, aluminum tubes with a thickness of 10-20 millimeters;
6-12 Meter Range TV channel - Copper, brass, aluminum tubes with a thickness of 8-15 millimeters;
the decimeter range is copper, brass wire with a thickness of 3 to 5 millimeters.

Double square - 2 frames that are connected by a pair of arrows (upper and lower). The smallest frame is the so-called vibrator, and a large - reflector. The device with three frames will have a large coefficient of the gain of the TV signal. The third square is called director.

Instructions for creating antenna T2:

The top arrow (made of metal) should connect the middle of all frames.
The lower boom is made using insulating electricity materials: wood, textolite.
Place all the frames so that their centers are on one straight line.
Direct should be directed to the repeater.
The vibrator should be with an open circuit. Its edges are fixed on a plate of textolite.
If you made a frame of metal tubes, then the edges should be unloaded, as well as do the holes in them to fix the bottom boom.
Mast must be made of wood or at least its top.

Size calculation

The calculation of the antenna for digital TV will directly depend on the range - a meter or decimeter. The dimensions of the antenna with three frames are distinguished by a large distance between the edges of the vibrator. You need to leave more distances - 50 millimeters.

The tables present the dimensions of the two-element frame antennas. Meter Range:

Channel numbers

Decimeter Range:

The size of the three-element antennas. Meter Range:

Channel numbers

Decimeter Range:

Connecting a vibrator

Considering the fact that the frame is symmetric, and the connection is carried out to the antenna asymmetric cable, you need to use the matching device. The optimal option is a short-circuit loop. It is made of pieces of coaxial cable. The left segment is the feeder, and the right one is called a loop. In the place where feeder and the loop will be connected, fix the cable, which is later connected to the TV.

What should be the length of these segments? The calculation is carried out in accordance with the long wave of the received TV signal.

From one end you need to separate the loop, removing the aluminum screen. Braid need to twist in a tight harness. The central conductor is cut to isolation. Feeder also need to be divided. Remove the screen made of aluminum, and then twist the braid. However, the central conductor is left.

The further assembly process is as follows:

Sleep to the left edge of the vibrator cable braid and feeder conductor.
To the right edge of the vibrator you need to solder the feeder braid.
The jumper from the metal braid is connected to the lower end of the feeder. Creampy these elements can also be metallic wire. The main thing is to have proper contact with the braid.
The braid determines not only the electrical connection, but also the distance between the portions of the matching device.
If there is no metal wire and jumper, then twist the bottom of the loop in the harness, the bottom of the screen has previously removed and removing the insulation. To ensure proper contact, you need to solder harnesses using solder, which is easy to melt.
Cable pieces should be parallel to each other. The distance is 50 millimeters (a small error is permissible). To secure the distance used special locks made from electrical insulating materials. You can also fix the matching device to the textolite plate.
The cable that is inserted into the TV socket should be soldered to the feeder (to the bottom). Braids are connected to each other, as well as central conductors.

To reduce the number of fider connecting elements and cable connected to the TV, can be made uniform. Remove the insulation in a place where feeder ends. This is done in order to install jumpers.

The matching device is a mandatory element that allows you to prevent the appearance of interference. In particular, it will be useful if the signal transmitter (television) is at a high distance.

Antenna Butterfly.

The TV antenna can also be made in the form of a butterfly. Such a device will not give up a decimeter antenna. It is absolutely optionally to do everything from scratch. It is much easier to redo the usual grille into digital to configure T2. To make it yourself, follow simple instructions:

Take a small board that will be the basis of the future antenna.
Cut 8 wires, the length of each - 37.5 centimeters.
The middle of all wires must be cleaned about 2 centimeters.
Bend the wires so that they take the V-shaped form. The distance between the wires should be 7.5 centimeters.
Cut another 2 wires, the length of each of them should be 22 centimeters.
Clean the wires in places where they will be attached to the base of the antenna (board).
Place the screws along the base of the antenna, and then two wires connect the V-shaped elements.
Connect the antenna and cable using a special plug.

Each user can create such a device. Do not buy anything. The antenna is made of submitted means.

From coaxial cable

Actually, manually make the TV antenna, using the cable:

Cut about 530 millimeters of the cable.
Clean the cable from two sides, covering the braid into the harness and the bargaining central core.
Twist the cable into a ring or rhombus, fixing it with a scotch on the plywood. Between the rings of the cable, the distance should be 2 centimeters.
Cut the piece of coaxial cable - 175 centimeters. Make a matching device from it. To do this, it is necessary to clean the wire from both ends, as you did during the manufacture of the rings.
Prepare an antenna cable. On the one hand, the plug is put on, and the second is inspired. It is necessary to remove the central core and braid.
Align the ring and match the device with an antenna cable.

As a base, you can use not only Phaneur, but also plexiglas.

Rigid cannon antenna

To make a simple TV antenna for digital channels, a cable, a pair of aluminum or tin cans, as well as a small plastic tube. A wooden plank can also be used as a basis.

Remember that the antenna can be created only from aluminum or tin cans. Plastic or glass will not fit. The main requirement is smooth, and not the ribbed inner walls. Everyone will be able to mount with their own hands such a device literally in a few minutes.

Rinse well, and then dry the banks.
The end of the coaxial cable must be separated.
Remove the insulation of the central core.
Twist braid.
After receiving 2 conductors, attach them to banks.
If you have a soldering iron at hand, solder the conductors. Also, they can also be secured with self-storms with flat hats. Cock the loop at the ends of the conductors, and in it the gross tune with the washer, then fasten it on the bank.
Prepare the metal, you need to take a fine sandpaper and remove the flare, as well as paint.
Attach banks to a plastic pipe or wooden plank.
The distance is calculated individually.
Connect the cable to the TV and try setting the channels.

This is an emergency solution problem. Do not feed illusions at best in good quality Multiple channels will be available. The final result directly depends on how far there is a television, which "purity" of the corridor, as well as how correct an antenna is made.

Now you know how to make an antenna to configure digital channels using a submitted means.

Note.

The era of the transmission of analog signals in television is over. Modern scientific developments completely replace old technologies.

People acquiring new equipment forced to make antennas for digital television with their own hands different ways Or buy ready-made industrial samples.

I want to pay attention that the antennas for digital TV DVB T2 is not at all difficult to do on their own. I specifically checked four schemes that take into account different living conditions of people. I suggest you for familiarization. See my photos and available assembly drawings.

How the digital antenna works for the TV: I explain simply

Before assembling any of the four models of receiving antennas, it is necessary to understand the processes that should flow in them.

Electromagnetic waves propagate in all directions of the horizon from the transmitter generator of the electrical signals installed on the television.

They possess for their coverage zone, but with an increase in distance, their signal is weakening. It also affects the terrain, various electrical and magnetic obstacles, the state of the atmosphere.

In a vibrator oriented perpendicular to the movement of an electromagnetic wave, according to the laws of induction. Positive and negative half-wave harmonica create their own sign.

Voltage reaches its maximum value - amplitude at points corresponding to ¼ and ¾ period or 90 and 270 degrees from the sinusoids of the electromagnetic wave.

Any shape and dimensions of active vibrators create for the most efficient stress pointing with minimal energy loss. Accounting for these points is calculated by wavelength or harmonic frequency.

The voltage closed on, produces in the created circuit. Its shape and direction varies and proportionally repeat the transmitter signals on the active load.

Due to the use of various types of digital modulation on the transmitter side, receiving and processing information signals within the television receiver schema.

More deeply consider the question of how the digital antenna works for the TV in its creation, then I will not become.

What antenna specifications determine the quality of TV reception

The antenna refers to reversible devices because it is equally working on the transmitter and receiver side. When analyzing the characteristics use its inclusion as a generator.

For effective reception of the digital signal, it is necessary to consider that on the generator side, the emitter of electromagnetic waves can be positioned at any angle to the horizon, but, only two directions are adopted, horizontal and vertical.

Our task is to repeat this orientation for your own TV.

Polarization direction and other data transmission data can be found on the operator's website through the search engine.

We go to the site, choose the necessary information.

We, first of all, should be interested in 3 characteristics:

channel number and its frequency for which we will create an antenna for strict sizes;
radius of the transmitter service area that affects the quality of the signal and select the design of vibrators;
direction of polarization.

The range of the television from the transmitting television has greatly affects the antenna design.

The higher the antenna is installed, the better the quality of the received signal will be, but the cable length can relax to significantly. In this regard, residents of the upper floors of multi-storey buildings have a significant advantage over neighbors below.

For the Zone of Confident Reception, I experienced the simplest models of Harchenko and loop assemblies from a coaxial cable and wires possessing wide spectrum Reception frequencies.

For long distances it is better to collect a wave canal or a logoeriodic scheme. Of the simple structures, the Turkin Antenna, refined by Polyakov, has proven well.

For example, in my area, the removal from the television bash was 25 km, which enters the zone of confident reception, and the frequency of the signal is 626 MHz vertical polarization.

The length of the electromagnetic wave counting through the speed of light by frequency: λ \u003d 300/626 \u003d 0.48 meters. The half-wave will be 24 cm, and a quarter - 12.

Under these characteristics, I made 4 test antennas for digital television with your own hands that describe below.

Antenna Kharchenko for digital TV: how confidently works

The general view of the design assembled by me showing a photo. Taking into account the vertical polarization, it is located in the form of the eight, and for the horizontal orientation it is rotated with a butterfly.

For clarity, the consideration turned over with the reverse side: the screen to the transmitter center, and the active vibrator made of copper shine in the room.

The TV cable is simply applied to the tape from one side of the square, fixed on the rack and in my case it also serves as a fastener element: just throw through the cornice curtains: antenna hangs on it.

My design has already repeated many neighbors. I watch this this design of windows.

People hang eight even on the curtains, began to make it without a screen and fastening rail: one active vibrator confidently provides reception. This simplifies the assembly. However, in case of foreign interference, the screen advise the same to collect.

I conclude that the Harchenko antenna in the zone of confident reception works quite reliably. Since its calculation and installation is simple, does not require scarce details, then I recommend to the assembly.

How to calculate the sizes of antenna for digital television with their own hands in simple ways

To determine the design dimensions of Kharchenko, I found many recommendations, which, to put it mildly, do not fit, but work. In the picture, we only give 3 methods of calculation.

And there is online calculators, computing various sizes. I explain all this the fact that such a design is not critical to the accuracy of the manufacture, which I consider it an advantage.

To check, chose the methodology where the sides of the square is 0.25 wavelengths electromagnetic oscillation λ. It is necessary here less material, and the conditions of work are the most complicated.

I multiply the wavelength of 48 by 0.25 and get the side of the square 12 cm.

Then it will capture a slightly larger range of signals due to the fact that a similar shape of the vibrator handles all the amplitudes of half-fell into the tension that fit inside it. Due to this, its broadband is ensured.

How to make antenna Harchenko: Personal experience "Collection on the knee" with photos

The active vibrator was made of a rectangular cross section of 1x4 mm.

Such a profile is difficult to bent. We have to work in the vice. It is easier to work with a round cross section. Middle part I cleaned from varnish and dried with a soldering iron.

On one side of the square, the coaxial cable was accumulated by the electrical cable and soldered its current-handed veins to the prepared grounds.

Due to the created half, the angle for approval of the wave resistances of the cable and antenna is formed. This is the most simple design. But she plays an important role.

Showing this connection additional photos on the finished antenna.

He stated a wooden slack, drilled thin holes in it.

Inserted the segments of the wire, the length of which slightly blocks the area of \u200b\u200bthe active vibrator, jammed them with matches. You can also add glue.

It turned out such an antenna Kharchenko for digital TV with a cable connected to it.

Here I show her location on the window while working last summer.

And this picture did recently: I also show her one species.

At this time, I already abandoned the use of an antenna for digital TV DVB T2 after clear from Beltelecom.

Antenna for digital cable TV: how to quickly do

Only the segment of the coaxial tv cable is only required to assemble this scheme, a knife, a soldering iron, although you can do without it.

The loop works in the zone of confident reception, has good characteristics even inside the dense building of multi-storey buildings from reinforced concrete plates. Since it took about 5 minutes of time quite simple assembly, then it can be checked at least for curiosity.

I explain the technology of installation.

The size of the circle of the assembled loop corresponds to the wavelength of the electromagnetic oscillation. I, as shown above, is 48 cm.

Sevement one end of the coaxial cable at a distance of about 5 centimeters. For clarity, there is a matchbox with standard sizes of 3x5.

From the beginning of the cutting, measured the distance of the half-wave: 24 centimeters. Next, it is necessary to make a plot on which the shielding braid will be broken.

Her distance is 2 cm. On this segment, carefully check the lack of wires and electrical connections. Only polyethylene insulation of the central vein should be visible.

Then, by the length of the cable from the created rupture, I repeatedly repeatedly re-24 cm and remove the upper protective sheath of polyethylene by a ring of a width of 1 centimeter.

It is necessary to work carefully. Screening braid and its electrical connections must be saved.

Showing this site close-up.

Now the smallest thing remains: checking the absence of corrosion on stripped braids, tightly twist with my fingers with a conductive screen with central residential. You need to close them spice.

A twisted end of a length of about 5 centimeters is formed. It remains tightly wrapped it around the open section of insulation width 1 cm. The loop is ready.

From the reverse side of the cable, the plug is soldered to connect to the television socket. This trivial operation is lowered. There are no difficulties in it.

Antenna for digital TV made of cable with its loop plane oriented perpendicular to the direction of the transmitting station.

Positive Moment: The loop material is made of the same material as the subsequent feeder for connecting to the TV. They have the same wave resistance. Nothing is required.

Wire antenna: the easiest assembly for the TV

You can take a digital signal to the TV in the zone to 30 km on a simple wire single or double ring made of copper wire, taken by the segment of the electrical wiring of 2.5 mm square meters.

Showing the technology of its assembly of two rings. If you are interested in a simplified version, then the second item is not mounted.

The length of the ring circumference must correspond to the transmitter signal wavelength. In my example, it is 48 cm. Blooming two segments of the wires: L1 and L2 with a centimeter margin for connecting the ends.

Fiberate future vibrators rings, and the ends cleaned them. On a short cut, I make small rings for connecting the second blank.

I insert one vibrator in another, the rings crimp the passats.

Showing this process in a larger scale.

I prepare the end of the coaxial cable to connect the insulation removal.

All ends twist.

Peeling the scene of the soldering iron.

It turned out this simple antenna from the wire, consisting of two rings.

It is necessary to orient it with a side of a long wire to the transmitter. Rings can be unhappy with the shape of the hexagon. Then they will take a more stable position.

A photograph below simply show the principle: I did not do a special accuracy of the size of the geometric figure. Do better for yourself.

Antenna from the Wire is collected. Turn it into operation and check the quality of the received signal on the TV.

Any soft toy will help to make decorative design properties. It is necessary to have this antenna near the TV or receiver. Exceed the length of the coaxial cable more than half a meter is undesirable.

It is necessary to spend less than 10 minutes to assemble such a design, it does not represent any difficulties, as well as the previous scheme, and its work occurs at the expense of the collected loop.

Turkin antenna: Simple long-range design for DVB T2 do it yourself

Initially, the work of the receiver of this electrical circuit It was developed and practically tested by a Turkish radio amateler.

Its description can be found in the article of the magazine Radio No. 11 for 2000.

Then engineer Poles via computer Program Mmana finished her and published an article in the same radio. See Issue No. 1 for 2002 The scheme of an improved design is presented in the picture below.

On the dielectric bar, due to strictly defined distances, metal rings of vibrators are located due to strictly defined distances in the space of the transmission zone of the digital TV signal. Their role:

D1-D3 - passive elements;
V1, V2 is an active part collected by a Dual Swiss Square Scheme;
R - screen function from interference.

All dimensions of vibrators and distances between them are tied to the length of the received wave. You can count them according to the formulas shown in the picture.

However, I propose an easier way: online calculator calculating Turkin antenna. Enter your channel frequency value expressed in megahertz, and immediately get all sizes in millimeters.

DVB-T2 channel numbers (click for reference)

Channel	Frequency, MHC	Channel	Frequency, MHC
21	474	46	674
22	482	47	682
23	490	48	690
24	498	49	698
25	506	50	706
26	514	51	714
27	522	52	722
28	530	53	730
29	538	54	738
30	546	55	746
31	554	56	754
32	562	57	762
33	570	58	770
34	578	59	778
35	586	60	786
36	594	61	794
37	602	62	802
38	610	63	810
39	618	64	818
40	626	65	826
41	634	66	834
42	642	67	842
43	650	68	850
44	658	69	858
45	666

They, at the sight of the back, immediately formed concentric circles with a well-pronounced axis, which must be directed to the transmitter.

I have left to the active conclusions of the Swiss dual square solder antenna coaxial cable.

I pay attention to the method of fixing the feeder. The conclusions of the rings forming the Swiss double square are connected on the diagonal diagonally, and not in parallel.

Look at the layout of the vibrators in the first picture, where Turkin-Polyakova antenna is depicted. There must be a few millimeters between the bare connecting wires. It will exclude the spin of the output voltage potentials.

I put a ferrite ring to the cable connection site for coordinating the wave resistances of the cable and antenna.

Its magnetic permeability must be laid within 400-600. I did not check myself. It just came up.

The antenna immediately earned straight from the room. True, the distance to the transmitter in the country is only 40 kilometers. Large removal did not check.

For horizontal polarization of the aerial signal of the Turkin, the position of 90 degrees indicated in the photo. Then its cable immediately falls down from the center of circles, and not on the side.

Here are such 4 antenna schemes for digital television with their own hands can be collected without excessive costs of material tools and time. See for yourself that their designs are quite simple.

All four tested schemes have earned me immediately without connecting any amplifiers.

I believe that for residents of the countryside living in the zone of confident reception of digital signals, the antenna Kharchenko is best suited.

With a dense building of residential buildings in the city I recommend checking the frame antenna from the cable or wire. She struggles well with interference, which is saturated with air from household equipment.

Those who need to catch a signal, weakened by the distant distance, are best to immediately collect antenna Turkin-Polyakova. Her specifications We practically do not give way to a wave canal nor speakeriodic products.

As you can see, in the article I tried to do without technical terms. The gain and standing wave coefficients, the radiation diagram and other characteristics did not lead. These parameters can be discussed in the comments section.

Have questions? Specify, discuss, choose the most affordable and acceptable result for your case.

If you live in the city, then you do not need to have a big and cumbersome TV antenna, the more throwing it onto the roof and pull the cable. DVB-T2 digital television channels can be perfectly taken on the room, the benefit of the transmitting steels is quite enough for confident reception. I will show how to make a miniature home antenna by the type "Biquadrat" in 15 minutes. I also call it an antenna Harchenko. This master class will save you from buying expensive Chinese analogues.
Usually the calculation of such structures is 1/4 wavelength. Such antenna will be good to take all the channels even outside the city at a considerable distance, but at home (in the city), its size may seem a little big. And actually such sensitivity will not be what. You can reduce all the dimensions twice and take for the calculation of 1/8 wavelength. The current antenna will be completely tiny, but with sufficient sensitivity.

Need

Making a miniature home antenna for digital television

The diagram of the antenna itself. This is perhaps the easiest and most common option, and we will make it even less.

We take the wire and without removing insulation bending pliers two identical squares with sides of 67 mm.

We solder the connected ends and consider some insulation from the middle and ludim.

Then, on small wires we swell the nest. In the lid, the stationery knife will make cuts under the shoulders of vibrators.

Pour all hot glue.

In the second lid, drills a hole for the socket and also hot glue glue it. We connect the lids and solder their soldering iron to be one piece. Antenna is ready.

Everything fits on the palm of his hand, so, with the question "where to place it?" There should be no problems.

Result of work

Connect and guide to the tower.

I will compare the antenna with the same, only full-size wavelength per 1/4.

The level sensor will serve as a Chinese compiler for receiving digital television.
Result:

Classical Antenna Kharchenko 1/4 wavelength, prefix issued - 40% Sensitivity.
Our reduced 1/8 wavelength option - 22% .
And for comparison, we stuck the usual piece of wire - 1% .

Output: When decreasing sizes in half, about the same amount fell and sensitivity. But, as you see from the results, you do not have to compare with a piece of wire.
At home, the antenna showed itself excellent. All channels are caught and accepted steadily, as well as on a full-size option. I recommend to repeat.