Most of the population of our planet is firmly confident that all existing printers are divided into two categories: ordinary and "those that can print, copy and scan", in other words, make any printed processes. However, at the same time, this type of office equipment has many different classifications, the existence of which many do not even guess.

This article is dedicated to all types of printers - from the most primitive to the super-modern. It is described about what they are, their positive and negative sides, the purpose and the possibility of acquiring today. It also describes a lot of interesting things here, and most importantly useful information and, as a conclusion, the expert opinion of leading specialists in the field of printing technologies.

Types of printers

Today there are more than ten different classifications of printed devices. In addition, each class has its own division on species, and as a result, it turns out that various printers there is an innumerable amount. But for a more comfortable definition of the belonging of these products, they are classified according to the following parameters:

• type of printing: alphanumeric and graphic;
• the principle of creating prints: shock and unstressed;
• print color: monochrome and multicolor;
• connection source: wired and wireless.

It is worthwing to know that the part of the office equipment has not been used for a long time, but some devices exist only in future projects.

Printers that are most often found on sale

As already mentioned above, these species of these peripheral devices Many, but not everyone can be purchased in the store and bring to your home or office. The most popular and most often occurring laser, inkjet and thermal publim printers are considered. Each of them has its own distinctive features, in something superior or inferior to each other.

Laser printer: Office conquest

From the first days, as soon as this type of office equipment has become accessible to everyone, and to today, the laser printer is an integral part of any office. The reasons for this were high speed and excellent print quality in black and white. In addition, it is possible to allocate good stocks of the coloring agent in which, as a rule, is enough for for a long time Use. However, "Laser" is not best way Proverted yourself in color printing of images and photos. It is also worth noting that it is not very convenient to carry out consumables, and sometimes it is impossible at all.

Why use the inkjet printer to the house many times more comfortable?

In comparison with the previous type of office equipment, this creates imprints very slowly and many times less without refueling. But instead of this, the material printed with it is always high quality, especially if it is colored format. In addition, such devices usually have a multifunctional nature, which, given the relative cheapness of consumables, makes them indispensable for use at home.

Sublimation Printers of the New Generation

Possess excellent print characteristics, thanks to which prints have excellent color reproduction, brightness and contrast, as well as easy to maintain and low-noise. However, they have one very unpleasant property: the materials printed with their help are very sensitive to ultraviolet radiation.

Based on information provided in this article, it can be concluded that any, which is not taken, the printer has both pros and cons. Therefore, choosing this device for yourself, you should be repeated from what you will use it and whether it can cope with the tasks.

When working with information, you have to use different carriers. Most of the operations with graphic and text data in the modern world is carried out on the computer. However, this approach does not cancel the transformation of digital materials to the type that is most suitable for physical circulation. In other words, any information stored on a computer can be transferred to a solid carrier. Most often, this tool is used to perform this operation as a printer. The printer is a high-tech device, which can be considered as one of the components of the external periphery of the personal computer. The assignment of the printer is to transfer digital information on a special polymer film or paper. However, these printer functions are not limited.

Printer: Purpose and main tasks

On the modern market of computer equipment today, models are quite rare, which perform only one print function. Most often devices are used that, in addition to printing, still perform the functions of the scanner, a copy machine and a telex. Basic and additional functions are usually optimized under computer technique And according to the performance technology, traditional devices are less reminded. What does the printer do? Even the user of the budget device can easily be able to transfer the image into a digital view from paper media. This is the main tasks of this type of technology. The auxiliary set of options can be reduced to the possibility of applying protective layers on paper, pampering and so on. The printer with a scanner at this stage of development is improved rather not by increasing functionality, but due to the characteristics of print quality. Developers are trying to endow the models with new technologies in terms of management organization. For example, in modern devices, wireless technology are implemented between the computer and the printer, automatic management modules, as well as other developments.

Printer device

The printer in the standard version is a small block of plastic, inside of which there is a snap for printing. The process of work is physically provided by the print head, ink pumps, fixing elements and drive mechanism. The laser printer device has its own characteristics. There are such devices on the principle of photocopier printing. In the design of laser printers, a special place is occupied by the freedom. It is an aluminum cylinder whose surface is characterized by high photosensitivity. This unit, depending on the lighting, can change the electrical resistance. This is based on the ability to transfer the image in one form or another by the laser exposure. The shift unit and transfer tape occupy a separate place. The ribbon element serves to apply prints from different drums associated with paint cartridges, intermediate images. Toner transmission mechanisms, bypassing this technological stage, high-qualityly transfer information on paper. The laser printer device in addition to this is characterized by a more technological implementation of the printhead provided by hundreds of active nozzles. It is no longer about linear elements for supplying paint, but about high-precision ink droplet dispersion.

Types of printers

There is more than a dozen varieties of printers, which differ in the principle of operation and design. Inkjet, matrix and laser models have become the greatest distribution. The assignment of these printer models is largely due and similarly. Developers various devices Pursuing the same goal - to get high quality with optimal speed and at minimum cost. The matrix printer can be called basic in classification. It is almost not used at home, however, the platform of such models gave impetus to the further development of the segment. As a result of the technological promotion of matrix printers, inkjet printers appeared. Such devices are characterized by a high speed of work, affordable cost and ability to print color ink. However, such a device is poorly coping with large print volumes. His operation for such needs will cost more in terms of costs for consumables. The optimal solution in various aspects of use can be a laser printer. The advantages of such a device include economics in consumption supplies, high speed and stable maintenance of print quality. It is worth noting that the principle of operation of the matrix printer, which is due to the impact effect of needle elements, even more economical. It is 24-needed matrix printers, and not laser, most often used to work with official documents. For home use Laser models are more suitable.

Principle of operation of equipment

Let's get acquainted with the principles of printers. Most modern devices work at the expense of image transfer technologies using photosensitive elements. These can be LED and laser models. In both devices, various approaches to the transfer of toner can be used. Today, a printer with a scanner has been greatly distributed, which implements a two-component manifestation system. Ink particles, which are designed to move into a photored, in this case are not held independently on the magnetic shaft of the developing unit, and stick to the magnetic powder of the carrier. In another principle of operation, it is assumed the initial mixing of paint and developer particles. Application in non-magnetic media is carried out at all without the use of active additives. In this case, we are talking about toners working on the principles of electrostatics. Models working with needles sets gradually go up in history, although they are still used in some areas. These are classic matrix devices that are powered by electromagnets. The mechanical principle of operation of the matrix scanner is based on the head function, which moves with a special carriage and controls the operation of the needles. The needles due to the strokes through the coloring tape form an image on the working surface.

3D printers: features

Printers segment a few years ago was supplemented new development - 3D printer. The task of this device is to create full-fledged bulk products. The parameters of such products are set on the computer. The purpose of the printers of this type is also significantly different. If traditional laser models are focused on the transfer of graphic or text information on a paper medium, then in the case of 3D printers, you can talk about the transfer of a computer model to a real look. Size 3D printers most often match the usual printers. However, their design can be much more complicated. As the main working component, the special head is performed here, from which the layering of the material is carried out. It is called an extruder. This component does not work with ink, but with plastics. Conventional polymers that are applied to the nozzle onto the working surface form the target object. It is worth noting that today the industrial purpose of 3D printers is gradually mastered. For example, in the construction industry, the possibility of using a printer, which is capable of eating small houses is considered. To do this, it is supposed to load a mortar into the supply snap-in, after which the device will be in a special sequence to apply it to the construction site.

What paper to use for printing?

One of the main characteristics of paper consumables for the printer is the size. Series A is the most common format. This line of sizes in the international standard is recommended as a carrier for ordinary documents. If paper for a printer used in printing production is needed, it is recommended to use the V. Series material for envelopes are usually used for home and office use for home and office applications. Paper is also characterized by such qualities as brightness and density. The density is determined by a mass of one unit of the sheet area. For example, an indicator of 80 g / m 2 can be considered optimal. The device can simply shove the paper with less density. Thicker sheets may not pass. If you plan to use a printer to print important official documents, then it is worth considering the brightness of the paper. Brightness is determined by interest. Snow-storey paper is considered the highest quality, the brightness coefficient is 100%. However, it is expensive, so ordinary users usually use sheets that are characterized by the value of the brightness parameter at 80-90%.

Using printer

An important condition for using the printer is a reliable installation. The device must be located on a flat surface and maintain stability. It must be borne in mind that some models in the process of work can vibrate strongly. Therefore, the stability of the foundation is so important. Using the panel on which the buttons are located, the device function is directly controlled. It can be both ordinary mechanical and touch keys. Manufacturers, as a rule, designate each button with a symbol that corresponds to a particular operation. Equipment can also be used in the format of the network component or independent device. In the first case, you need to know the address of the network printer, which should be entered into the system. To do this, it is necessary through the equipment configuration parameters to deliver the task of output of the basic characteristics. As a result, the paper address and other will be printed on a sheet of paper. important information About a specific device.

Printer maintenance

Large importance from the point of view of maintaining the optimal quality of the printer functions has a validation of the working condition. Regardless of how the main purpose of the printer is, it is desirable not to leave it without work for a long time. An ordinary inkjet apparatus must print at least 1-2 pages once a week. Otherwise, the risk of drying ink is increasing, which leads to serious mechanical stuff problems. It is also important to prevent possible corps contaminants. Dust can penetrate the important functional components of the printer. Most modern printing devices are equipped with system diagnostics systems and automatic control systems. The user through the settings can estimate the state of the nozzles, their cleanliness and readiness to work. If a high-quality and suitable paper is used, the printer service life will be extended. Owners inkjet printers Very often perform the same error: used for printing paper designed for laser printers. In this case, the risk of clogging working heads is increasing, which in the future entails the need for repair.

Popular models of printers

One of best decisions In the inkjet printer segment for the home is the modification of the PIXMAG1400ot manufacturer Canon. By the standards of the budget class, this device cannot be called cheap, but this is compensated by high quality work. For 9000 rubles, you can count on the decent characteristics of the photo printing, as well as the non-balanced paint supply system in continuous mode. Among budget laser printers, you can select the SP150W model from the Ricoh manufacturer. The device is characterized by an optimized design, compactness and ergonomic additions, like special storage shelves. If you are looking for a professional working device, then pay attention to the line of devices from Kyocera. This manufacturer offers high-tech printing devices designed specifically for productive work in the office. For example, the FS-9530DN model is capable of providing high-quality printing and makes it possible to significantly save on ink. True, its value is about 100 thousand rubles.

Conclusion

One of the main directions of development of printing equipment is to simplify physical operations with printers. The means of interaction with the apparatus and computer, and the user are constantly being improved. Improving operational indicators is also observed in terms of technical filling. This also applies to the effectiveness of the element base, and to the working resource. Principal changes in modern printing devices were not observed. It can be noted that the last most successful stage in the development of printing equipment was the introduction of LED and laser printing components.

Today, few people think about what printer is. For modern man This is a regular device. True, the older generation and concept does not have what this adaptation is. So let's understand together.

What represents

So what is the printer? If you try to split the word on the part, you can highlight the English word print, which means "printing". Thus, it becomes clear that this device - This is what is printed. More precisely, this is a machine that prints the necessary graphic and text data.

The printer is also an integral part of a modern person. A similar innovation is a mechanical replacement of the printed machine. Such devices are quite convenient to use, and simply handle them. Until then, of course, no malfunction appear. Let's now discuss which printers are. In fact, there are quite a lot of them, but we will only tell about the generally accepted classification of these devices.

The matrix

The very first types of printers are matrix. Externally, there are quite large plastic products that weigh quite a lot. Even a teenager can raise such a device, however, feeling heaving it will, albeit a small one.

The matrix printer, work is based on the presence of coloring ribbons and special needles. The needle data is valid using electromagnets. When the necessary information From the computer is sent to the printing device, the needles begin to paint from tape on paper, copying the transmitted information. The paint is consumed quite uneconomically, and the print speed leaves much to be desired. In addition, such a device is noisy. Refill printers with a matrix is \u200b\u200ban ordinary case for their owners.

Lasers

There is something more new printer - Laser. It guarantees a quick print speed and good quality obtained at the output of documents. Most often found in offices and centers providing a list of paper printing from electronic media.

The laser printer on the principle of operation is something similar to the camera and other devices for creating photos. It transmits an image through paper lasers using photosensitive filters located inside the device. In the course of working with such modern technician, you can get documents that are not scary fading or moisture. The refill of printers with lasers is infrequently produced.

Available to all

But there is another type of device that can be bought by an average person. This is a jet printer. It has a lesser print speed compared to laser, but the quality of the outlet and the depth of the color in such a model is much higher.

The principle of operation is something similar to the work of the matrix printer. Here, too, the image is formed from points. True, in these models it will not be done using a needle, but using a matrix that accommodates liquid paint.

Cartridges inside modern printed equipment can be several species. It depends on how simple to install the printer and its service. The inkjet printer has a built-in "tight" cartridge. This option is not particularly convenient, in order to use the device again after all the paint is over, you will have to buy and install a fully new cassette. This is usually done in service centers masters.

But there are also such models in which the cartridges are easily getting, and the paint is poured into them through a special syringe. These are the most convenient options. So, by owning some techniques, you can make the refueling of your device. Now that you know what a printer is and how it can be, let's consider issues of printing modes, settings and installing this equipment.

Colors of rainbow

There are two types of modern printing devices: printer color and black and white. Now we will discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of each of them.

Let's start, perhaps, from the most common type is a black and white printer. It is most common among home devices. Pretty simple and easy to work. Such an adaptation can be printed a large number of Documents without the need to replace the cartridge. Most comfortable matrix and laser models.

The second option is a color printer. It is quite convenient for those who do not want to go to centers for the sake of printing of their photos, and for those who prefer the color palette in the documents. Inkjet printers often come in color. Unfortunately, refueling such a device is the usual case for the owner. Yes, and to all, all the paint is spent very quickly.

Choice rules

So, if you do not know which printer to choose, then follow a few useful advice. They will definitely help you in making a right decision.

Connect or not

Now that we told about what a printer is, it's time to talk about how to make it worked. The first thing you need to perform is to connect it. Installing the printer is a pretty simple thing.

When you bought the desired model and brought it home, it must be connected to your personal computer. To do this, you will need a special wire. It is attached complete with equipment. Connect the cable to the printer, then stick it into the USB connector on the computer. Do not turn on the device. Instead, download the Windows operating system.

Now the installation of the printer is made half. It remains to make the computer "saw" your device. To do this, you need to install a special program that will give the opportunity to work with the I / O device information. That is, you need a printer driver.

Installation

In order for a computer to work with a printing device, a printer is needed. For this, as already mentioned, you need a driver. It is installed as a regular program on a computer. True, there are its own characteristics. Let's deal with them.

When you connect the printer to a computer and network, you will need to install. To do this, insert a special disk that was attached to your printing device into a PC drive, followed by the instructions displayed on the monitor screen. Setting up the printer at the same time occurs automatically. The main thing, do not turn it on until the driver installer cares about it. After the process is completed, you will be prompted to print the first trial list on your printer. It will show how well the device works well. If the list printed without problems, then you can safely use your new technique.

If the disk is lost

You already know what a printer is, what is best to buy and how to configure. But what if there are non-standard cases? For example, there is no drive with a driver. Maybe you lost it or the equipment was incomplete - the reason, in fact, is not important. The main thing is that the driver is missing, which means that it is impossible to work with this printing device.

But you should not despair, because the situation is quite easy to fix. You know which model of the device is bought, so you can use the Internet to find everything you need. So, if you do not have an installation disk with a driver, specify the firm and accurate model Your printing device. After that, you need to go to the manufacturer's website, find the "Printers" section there and identify your model. After that, you will have access to downloading the required driver package. Download it, unpack and install. After that you can fully use the acquired technique.

Try to search for all the necessary additional programs only on proven sites. Quite often, the drivers on suspicious pages are viruses, which can seriously harm your personal computer. So that the best choice - This is still sites manufacturers. There will be no viruses there.

Thus, today you have learned about what a printer is and how to use it. What exactly to buy, solve only you. Weigh your desires and opportunities, consult with sellers, and you will definitely pick yourself something really useful!

If you decide to purchase a printer, the most important thing is to determine what kind of goals it is needed. Do you need a color printer or are you quite able to do with black and white seal? Do you need a laser printing device or jet, and maybe you will be more suitable for solid ink machine? Are you needed additional functions as, for example, wireless communication modules, a copier, scanner and fax function? Your choice will depend on what you want to print on this printer, in which volume, how many people, besides you, will use the device and, of course, how much you are willing to put on purchasing a printed device, as well as on its further service, In particular, to purchase consumables.

In this article, we will try to give a brief description of each type of printers that exist in nature, and which can offer an inksystem. In addition, we will talk about the additional features of some printing devices that can significantly facilitate your work.

There are three main types of printers that differ in the method of applying the image and the material that they use as paint. The first and most ancient of them is a matrix type. Such printers were practically outlived, they are bulky, they print loudly, slowly, and most importantly - only in one color. You can use them exclusively for printing text documents. However, consumables are extremely cheap, which allows you to use these devices in offices to fill out forms and references, as well as to push the numbering.

Laser printers. Pretty common type. As paint, such devices use fine powder - toner. Such printers can print on any types of paper, including designer cardboard, self-adhesive and transparent film. Prints made by laser printers are distinguished by high quality and durability. The toner does not fade in the sun and is not washed off with water. Ideal such printers are suitable for printing small text and thin lines, but photographs are obtained unnatural and "flat". Another positive moment - This is a print speed. Here with Laser not compare nothing. However, there are such devices, as, however, and their service is quite expensive, so such a luxury can hardly affect ordinary users.

Inkjet printers. Prints with liquid ink. They are much more accessible to laser, inferior to them in the speed of printing and the range of the paper being used. However, thanks to the ink property, it is perfect to create new colors in the place of mixing, are ideal for photo printing. Inksystem is widely known thanks to a wide range of inkjet printers and consumables.

Unlike laser printers, junctions give their owners the opportunity to significantly save on printing. This allows the system of continuous supply of ink or SRSH. By equipping your printer with this device, you will be able to reduce printing costs 30 times, which will make the value of your prints literally kopeck.

Progress does not stand still, he touched upon the printed equipment. Today, it is already unlikely to surprise someone with a device that combines the scanner, printer, copier and fax. Manufacturers went even further and began to produce devices that are not needed to work at all. Such printers can independently go to the network, download from the image from there, to carry out the elementary correction. They are capable of directly typing with cameras and mobile phones. It is extremely relevant, given today's variety of similar techniques.

Printer

The printer is designed to display digital information on paper, obtaining a so-called "solid copy", is an external device of a personal computer.

Printer Features:

- print speed. Normal print speed for a small office and house is 4 pages per minute. The speed of 8, 12 sheets per minute is usually used for the network of computers when each user can send the necessary documents to print and get them in the place where the printer is located. The speed may be critical with a large number of documents displayed even by one user. It may also be to indicate the output of the first black and white print (from 3 to 75 ms) or color (from 2.7 to 165 ms), since the second and third imprint have fewer time to output the print. For color printers, the output time of the 5x15 prints (from 6 to 540 ms) may be indicated. A warm-up time may also be indicated, which is equal to the interval from turning on the printer to print (from 1 to 2400 ms);

- resolution. Most recently was considered normal 300 dpi (300 dpi, where 1 inch is 2.54 cm). Since the image consists of points, then the more they are in the inches, the higher the print quality. To display text information, such permission is satisfactory. When displaying graphic drawings, it is too small. 600 DPI is already quite enough for home and office applications. Some devices describe the accuracy of permission, but it is not always performed. This applies to inkjet and matrix printers. However, over time, devices appear with best characteristics And they become closer to those described in the manual. However, when buying a computer, check how the printer prints. Print is preferably not only symbolic, but also graphic information. Pay attention to the inclined lines and the background of the object. In the laser printers, the horizontal resolution is determined by the accuracy of the beam guidance, and vertically depends on the drum step, so the vertical resolution is smaller than the horizontal, for example, 1,200x600 dpi dpi;

- color depth (from 16 to 96 bits). Most printers use a 24-digit presentation, which allows to withdraw 16.8 million shades. This is quite enough for a home or office printer. However, the MFP has a scanner that can produce a more discharge presentation of color, up to 96 discharges. Therefore, some printers in MFP have a greater bit;

One of of the most important characteristics is an cost of consumables, that is, the price of one copy of one sheet. To do this, it is necessary to calculate how much powder is or other materials, for example, used Cardridges with ink for inkjet printers, (ink and paper) and divided by number of copies. For example, if the cartridge costs about $ 50, it can be 2-3 times to focus with a powder in special workshops (some users fill them on their own). The refueling costs about 10 dollars. For quality work, we take two refills. We get 50 + 2 * 10 \u003d 70 dollars. In total, you can get three times 4,000 pages (on average in practice from 3,000 to 5,000), that is, 12,000 (one powder with a cartridge, two after refueling). 70 * 28 (dollar rate) / 12,000. Thus, the cost of one sheet is approximately sixteen kopecks. For full cost, the depreciation cost of the device, the cost of paper and the cost of carriers (ink cartridge, toner, drum), but in practice are often limited only to the cost of interchangeable media (ink cartridge, toner), and if the drum is located separately, it turns on and its Price, because it is replaced from time to time. It should be borne in mind that the cartridge is designed for a certain number of sheets, the greater the better. You also need to know the resource of the photobaban, it depends on it how many times you can refuel the cartridge;

- the number of color components. Color jet printers have another difference. There are devices that combine the three main components of colors, and there are those where the color is made up of three main and black. In printers of the first type, black is obtained by overlaying three main colors, which gives some shade from characters. More progressive printing is to use four colors where black is present, while the black and white print is performed only by this color. A larger number of cartridges can be used - 5, 6, 7, and so on.Inkjet printers have another drawback - poor-quality reproduction of areas with low color saturation. To eliminate it, additional cartridges with clarified ink are applied.). For home color inkjet enough four cartridges;

- minimum volume of drops For inkjet printers (from 1 to 14 pl). The smaller the better printing;

- paper size with which the printer can work (indicating the minimum and maximum size) as well as her density (from 75 to 1190 g / m2). Too thin paper is frozen, and the dense may not bend. This parameter is needed if you want to print on non-standard paper, for example, dense for business cards. Some old printers worked with perforated paper rolls, which is very uncomfortable, since it is more expensive to get such paper and costs it more expensive. Some inkjet printers allow you to print on CD / DVDs (for printing required special disks), on glossy or matte paper, on cards (congratulatory), on envelopes, on films, on a roll, on photo paper, on labels;

- connection. As a rule, modern printers rush to the USB 2.0 connector. Printers are beginning to appear with USB 3.0 connector, which increases the speed of the print output. If the printer has a standard 3.0, and the computer supports standard 2.0, the printer will work, but according to Standard 2.0. There may be a Wirefire connector. Old printers connected to a parallel or sequential port;

Availability Bluetooth and / orWi - Fi and / or infrared port. With this standard, you can transfer data to a computer without using wires. In addition, an additional LAN connector (RJ -45) may be present to connect the printer to the network and use it as a network printer;

- potlanch capacity for printing at the entrance (from 10 to 300 sheets) and output;

- availability of display. For home Computer The display is not needed, but in some printers or MFPs there may be a display (from 1.4 to 15 inches). With this display, you can choose the MFP operation modes, for example, copying the document in offline mode or view photos that need to be printed;

- having a hard disk. There may be a queue from the documents to be printed on the hard disk. Usually used to work on the local network;

- availability of automatic double-sided printing. Conventional printers output on one side of the sheet. In order to print the second side, you need to shift the pages from the output tray in the input, which depends on the program that displays text to print;

- printer dimensions;

- noise level;

- temperature mode work and moisture mode;

- electricity consumption and the possibility of energy saving, when, in the absence of work, the printer goes to the mode of economy power consumption and may at any time move into a state of readiness at any time;

- number of sheetsrecommended print per month (from 100 to 1,000,000 sheets). If you print more than specified number, then this will turn the printer faster. For home printer 10,000 sheets are enough, sometimes less, depending on the need for printing;

- memory sizewhich is in a printer for storing data for printing, and the ability to further build up such memory, that is, the presence of special connectors for them. Modern computers Have a sufficient amount of memory. Printer memory extension was used for old printers when the memory was expensive or for modern high-performance for increasing the speed of printing at large volumes;

- ability to emulate. Printers of different firms can emulate (work as) printers of some well-known firms whose standards are recognized in the world. So, first time matrix printers were simulated epson printer. Other types of printers can be simulated;

- font description languageWith which the printer works (for old printers). Most printers printed fonts that are described in files with extension. TTF. However, more features contain a font that uses the postScript language, which is used in professional publishing systems. There are printers working with this language;

- number of built-in fontsPCL , Ppds. , PostScript. which can print the printer. This feature It is used to obtain very high-quality documents;

- other features, for example, support operating systems Linux and Mac OS, ISIS format, size, machine color, noise level in standby mode (from 20 to 51 dB), in operating mode (from 15 to 77 dB), warranty period, power consumption in waiting state (from 1 to 50 W), in working condition (from 2 to 500 W), operating temperature, air humidity, weight.

When buying a device you need to view completeness of the device. In addition to the device itself, a cable for connecting to the power grid, a guide and drive with drivers and drivers must be supplied. software (if it is available). A cable for connecting to a computer may be attached, but often absent, so it needs to be purchased separately.

There are printers with photo printing function. Such printers can have the following two characteristics that distinguish them from ordinary printers. 1. May include print size 10x15 or full-sized. 2. Have improved print quality. The second parameter is quite conditional, since conventional printers with no worse characteristics begin to be released over time than the photo printer. Special photo paper can be used to improve quality. The same photo paper can also be used at simple printers. The quality of images on the photo paper is better than on ordinary paper.

Modern laser printer can perform the following functions: 1. Printout multiple images on one page; 2. Tuner saving mode; 3. Printing multiple copies; 4. Scaling; 5. Creation of pseudo-water signs; 6. Double-sided seal; 7. Creation of album or book binding; 8. Printout of the image in the form of a poster or booklet.

If the printer also has a built-in scanner, then such a device is called MFU (Multifunction device). It has such a name, because in addition to performing the scanning and printing operation, it allows you to copy sheets, and offline. In this case, the copy speed parameter in black and white and color modes is usually indicated (from 2 to 120 ppm). Such a device may also contain additional devices, such as a fax, card reader, a USB connector, a brochure (connects sheets with plastic or metal springs) and others. The characteristics of the scanner can be viewed in the scanner section, fax in the mode of modems.

We note a few additional modes that can meet with fax. Mode Caller Id Allows you to determine the number of the called phone. Unlike Aona, it displays not 7Mimal, but a 10-digit phone number. For the mode of operation, this standard must support local PBX. Mode PC. Fax Allows you to output fax not on paper, but directly to the computer. May be answering machinewhich responds when the user is not at home and records the answer. Some models comes with wireless tubewhich also has a separate stand. May be specified number of sheets paper to take fax (from 1 to 4,000 sheets), as well as maximum fax resolution (from 200 to 600 dpi). Fax may be color or black and white. To get a color picture, you need to ensure that both faxes support this feature.

MFP can have web browser With which you can configure the device from another computer via the Internet (used for large enterprises). Sometimes indicated for MFP first copy time (from 3 to 50 ms), which means the scanning time and printing of black and white Low Resolution printing. It may indicate the minimum and maximum scale value (from 40 to 10,000%). This parameter is used if you need to increase or decrease the scanned document. It is indicated for the presence of direct printing, which allows you to print a photo from flash memory.

In addition to the main models of RGB et al., In some types of printers, 6-7 colors are used, but it does not give a noticeable improvement. Another type of printing is a seal with additional colors, which uses basic color models, but one or more colors are printed with additional paint, which allows the use of golden, silver and other colors. But these are quite rare cases.

All types of printers can have different print modes: Clean and black, and if the transition to these modes is programmatically, the transition to these modes occurs, then in needle printers, the transition settings can occur not only programmatically, but also using the switches on the printer.

Types of printers

Printer. Printers are divided into four main types depending on the method of printing: needle (according to another called matrix, which almost come out of use), jet, symbol (sometimes called chamomile, according to the type of print head, came out of use) and laser. There are also sublimation and harderial printers that are well transmitted color, but the cost of the imprint is quite high. Therefore, they are not used on a massive scale.

Needle printers

Needle printers(More often called matrix printers, from English Dot Matrix Printer) Apply an image by hitting a needle through the painting tape on paper, the needles are powered by electromagnetic drivers.

Needles are in a special head, which moves along the sheet line; After it is printed, the sheet is stretched until the next line and the head continues to print the text. It can always print from the beginning of the line or from the place where it turned out to be, that is, the first line from left to right, the second right to left, etc. With high-quality printing, the head passes on the line several times, with each passage to improving print quality.

Sometimes such printers are called MatricSince they can represent any symbol in the form of a matrix. In the first printers, it was necessary to specifically install sheets of paper, but over time printers appeared, which are equipped with a mechanism for automatic paper feed. In addition, there are printers that can print on ordinary paper and on a roll of paper without a special bookmark.

There are not only black and white, but also coloredneedle printers. The principle of their work is also based on the use of the three main colors (and the fourth black), which are on the coloring ribbon, located on the other. If you need to print a specific color, the carriage with ribbon is raised (or lowered). Thus, the ribbon with the desired color is between the printer head and a sheet of paper.

An example of an image by hitting a needle through the coloring tape on paper is shown in Figure 14. There may be 9-needled printers, 18-, 24 needles and others. The more needles, the faster the printer works with the same print quality. To improve print quality, points are printed with a slight offset, as shown in Fig. 14. It gives better quality, but slows down the work of the printer. Printers this type They have a limit on the speed of printing, since it is already mechanically difficult to increase the speed of moving heads and needles. The advantages of this type of printers include the lowest consumables of one page, as expenses mainly fall on a tape that is cheap and allows you to get a large number of copies. This type of printers can use a different type of paper, so it is still used to print receipts, savings books, etc. documents.

Previously, the ribbons were painted themselves as she was worn out, or used a tape from a typewriter, which reduced costs. The disadvantages should include noise published by the printer, a rather slow print speed and not always good quality, although it has increased, but also the price of devices too. Therefore, the number of devices of the devices of this type constantly falls, and laser and jet - grows. In some old printers, there were switches that allowed to establish a type of font. The speed is measured in the number of output characters per second, and this is indicated for printing in rough mode, and in the other it will be less. Printers have a buffer that makes up a few kilobytes to 64 Kb and more, in which information about those characters that must be printed. In addition to these, there are lowercase printers in which the needles are located on the entire row, allowing simultaneously to printe a whole line at the same time.

Some printers can be placed in a special case or box to reduce the noise level, which is made when printing. Other printers may have a quiet operation, but the speed of the printer in this mode is less.

There are needle printers with narrow - for A4 format and with a wide carriage - for A3 format. The speed of matrix printers is the maximum of two pages per minute.

Needle printer modes: NLQ. (Near Letter Quality 0 - close to typographic quality); LQ. (Letter Quality - Typographic Quality); SJQ. (Super Letter Quality - ultra-plate mode).

Inkjet printers.

The principle of the inkjet printer is the ejection of ink through the smallest nozzle (called Duza located on the print head and make up the disuse matrix) onto a sheet of paper. As a rule, near the head is a cartridge with ink or two cartridges, one for colored ink, the other for black ink (the head can also be built into the cartridge, the head changes when changing the cartridge). The number of nozzles is different and can be from 16 to several hundred.

In laser printers are used different methods Application of paint on paper, and there is a clear commitment to famous firms to a particular option. Thus, Canon mainly applies bubble-jet printing, HP and Lexmark use thermoelectric technology, and Epson is developing piezoelectric printers. We will understand these technologies.

Piezoelectric method (Piezoelectric Ink Jet). In it, the ink drop is energized with a metal plate connected to a piezoelectric crystal. Under the influence electric current The crystal is reduced by acting on a metal plate that pushes ink. To get droplets of different sizes, Epson applies its Variable Size Droplet technology. At the same time, a certain dependence was established between the attached voltage to piezocrystal and the value of the resulting drop. Another Brand Technology Active Meniscus Control ("Active Menisk Control") is used to avoid splashing ink. To do this, after pushing the ink, the voltage on the piezoelectric is changed to the opposite, that is, no overpressure is created, and the discharge and the flourishing drop is delayed back.

Thermoelectric print. (Thermal Ink Jet) Sometimes called Bubblejet developed by Canon). When the element is heated inside the nozzle to 600 degrees, bubbles are created, which, expanding, pushed ink droplets at a speed of up to 12 m / s. In this case, the heating element can be located in different places, that is, closer to the nozzle (then the method is called DROP -ON -demand) or further from the nozzle (gas bubble method).

Bubble-jet printing. This method is very similar to thermoelectric printing, however the nozzle sizes are very small here, and the created bubble as it may take off the drop from the remaining part of the ink, thereby decreases the amount of spray (the so-called "satellite" splashes).

Recently appeared hertical cerebrals Printers that use the principles of work both inkjet and laser printer. Ink is first melted to a liquid state, then across the printhead is applied to the drum, and then on the paper where it is cooled. Such printers have the cost that is approaching laser printers, but have a better color printing, the more prime speed is much lower.

The size of the nozzles and their mutual location is of great importance for print quality. Competing firms approached this issue in different ways. Thus, Lexmark, for some of its models, there is a nozzle for drops in 3 pl and 10 pl (picoliters) in a checker order. For the manufacture of such small holes, special lasers are used, for example, excimer. Then the nozzle diameter is extremely small, up to 11 microns, which is seven times thinner of the human hair. Previously, this firm has nozzle consistently - blue color (cyan), purple (Majer), yellow, now - in parallel, which allows you to give up three passes and print in one pass.

Canon went different ways. Her devices have a nozzle of one diameter, but their number is very large. As a result, a large number of nozzles are located in the head of 15 centimeters width, then the A5 sheet can be printed by one pass. Nozzles for black color shifted relative to color for that. So that you can print the image in one pass.

Currently developed a lot of new technologies that improve the quality of the resulting image. It is noted that the sequence of applying paints is one to another leads to different results. To eliminate the possible distortion, technology is used when in the nozzle block after a certain color arrangement sequence - blue, purple, yellow colors are located in the reverse order - yellow, purple, blue.

Previously, some firms used four-color cartridges, for example, the Epson added missing shades. But recently, almost all manufacturers have moved to a six-color printing, adding light blue and light purple colors. Improve color reproduction now allows a modified method of paint, when not one drop falls into the desired area, and up to 39 drops of different colors. As a result of this mixing, it turns out to 72 million different shades, which makes it possible to obtain more smooth transitions from one color to another.

Another approach to the approach of the perception of the human eye to the real image is to use the effect of "dystering", when a person sees the desired shade when mixing different colors. This technology is widely used by Epson.

Other problem - image of smooth lines. The possibility of producing printheads is such that the amount of dye drops is 1200 per inch surface covered with paint. To increase the resolution to large values, the head itself moves with a very small shift, by half or a quarter of the nozzle diameter. Usually, thus obtain a resolution of 4800x1200 TDD (dots per inch or DPI), and some manufacturers, such as Epson, increase this value to 5740x1440 TTD. Such permission is called "optimized" and is used exclusively for color printing, in a black and white process 1200 TDD is sufficient.

Whatever technology was used to spray ink the quality of the resulting image, mainly depends on the capabilities of the applied paints. Currently, there are two types of dye - water-soluble and pigment. What are their difference?

Water soluble paintsbased on the name, they dissolve in water and therefore are used for color printing, as they allow you to achieve a wide variety of shades and are easily absorbed into the structural layer of paper carrier. To improve the quality of the image to obtain clear pictures with real colors, special types of paper with a pre-layer of chemical compositions that improve the adhesion of the dye with a paper base and natural color reproduction are used. Such paper is called photographic, although it is not the one that is used in the traditional photoprocess. Requirements for the photo paper are very hard - the dye on it must quickly dry, not more than two or three minutes; The paint is not allowed to spread over the surface of the paper, otherwise blurring will be visible; After getting the dye to the surface layer, the color should not change to another, even on a different shade; After applying the dye on paper, it should acquire water-repellent properties.

To improve color reproduction, some of the accompanying drivers make it possible to consider the type of paper to compensate for some change in the shades of the resulting image after the chemical ink reaction with the surface layer of photographic paper.

In connection with the foregoing, we present general recommendations for the use of photographic paper:

1. After printing, wait a while (from one to three minutes) and do not touch the surface of the paper before drying the dye.

2. Before placing the printed snapshot under the glass, wait for the dye to complete drying over one day.

Currently, there is a search for such dyes that would achieve the desired quality when using conventional office paper, but this is the case for the future.

Pig plants Apply mainly for black and white printing. These inks do not dissolve in water, and form a suspension, which gives a clear contour and has a role in the image of numbers and all sorts of characters. In addition, some technologies use additionally black paint and two shades of gray pigment dye. New technologies allow pigment paints not to spread through the structure of fibers on office paper, in particular Epson applies its development used in low-cost four-color printers. In addition, special polymers are added to the pigment paints so that other water-based paints do not react with the paint applied.

Another weak destination in the use of pigment paints is their some unequal color reproduction when illuminated by different light sources. To avoid it, designed new technologywhich uses seven colors - standard yellow, magents, purple, twenty-percent variants of blue and purple colors and two more extra - black matte and black glossy. Such an approach to the color range of Epson from other companies is resolved differently. So, Canon and Lexmark made such results in low-cost printer models. And of course, the best results in the use of pigment ink can be achieved when using branded photographic types.

It is clear that, as a rule, the image obtained using a digital camera looks differently on the monitor screen and on the printed copy. Therefore, almost all printers use technology that saves all the main settings of the shooting. Another NR SRGB branded technology saves information about each point and is translated into the view used in one or another image obtaining device.

The inkjet printer usually works with sheets in the form of sheets (for example, A4), not rolls. When replacing the ink in the colored inkjet printer, you can separately replace the cartridge with black ink, and separately with color. Some inkjet printers are equipped with a special mechanism for cleaning nozzles. To use this mode, you need to press a special button that is on the printer housing. The noise level of the inkjet printer is significantly lower than that of needle.

Symbolic printer.

This species was produced in the 80-90x years. Not used now. As indicated in the title, these printers are displayed in syvan, since the printhead that can be of different types ("Ball", the type "chamomile", "drum", etc.), contains symbols. The head turns and when the desired symbol turns out about the paper sheet, it hits a copy of the symbol on a sheet of paper on a sheet of paper. As a rule, such printers are printed pretty slowly, with the exception of special printers that are displayed at once a whole string. At the same time, there is a head for each position. However, such high-speed printers are quite expensive, in practice it is easier to use a laser printer. In addition, they do not allow displaying a graphic image, and to change the type of font you need to change the head. In addition, when printing, they produce a lot of noise. Therefore, in practice, they are rarely used.

Laser printers.

The principles used in laser printers are borrowed from photocopy devices. One of the most important parts It is a drum, to which a static charge is applied using a fine grid. Next, the laser beam with the help of the mirror hits the drum and changes electric charge on its surface. At the next stage, the toner is attracted depending on the charge, and the more electrical charge, the concentration of toner in this place will be higher and black will appear. In the absence of charge, the toner will not fall on the drum and the white color is saved. The paper sheet is also applied, with which particles from the drum are attracted at the time of passing around it. The leaf is heated and the toner is compiled into a sheet of paper, after which the sheet is ready for extradition.

On the principle of operation, laser printers can be divided into laser actually, as well as their variety - LED (LED) and hard power (SOLID INK) printers.

Traditional laser devicesarranged as it was indicated above. Similar image of the image in lED devicesHowever, here instead of a laser uses a line of LEDs.

IN hardering printers The melting of the dye in the solid cubes and the feed of the dye itself into the printhead unit, where, with the help of special dye-elements, drops of dyes through nozzles (112 elements on color) are sprayed on an aluminum drum. The image is formed on it, then the paper presses to the drum and the dye is transferred to its surface.

In addition, colored laser printers can be single-passwhen the image is formed in one working cycle and fourproofrequiring four cycles to apply different colors by their number in the CMYK standard. Single-pass printers are much more expensive than their multi-pass collections, the price may vary several times.

Black and white Laser printers Now it is about $ 150-200, color - more than $ 500. Therefore, usually buy laser for black and white works, and for color-inkjet. Inkjet color depending on quality cost from 50 to 500 dollars. The main disadvantages are the quality of the ink used in these devices that are blurred on paper, it is only worth taking a sheet with wet hands. However, technology develops and begin to produce new devices whose seal is not blurred, and they are sold at a more acceptable price.

The laser printer, as a rule, has its microprocessor and the RAM, where the image from the computer is loaded. Moreover, its minimum value is 1 MB. For printing shades, a matrix of 25 or 128 points is used, which has a square shape. The more points, the greater the amount of shades it can pass. The higher the resolution of the printer, the less this square on the sheet of paper and the less it is visible to the naked eye. Color printer, except for processor and memory, can have its own hDD For storing fonts and data, there are several cartridges with basic colors. Some printers have a connector for connecting hard disksIn addition, often printers have a connector for connecting additional RAM. When sealing graphic images This memory can significantly increase the speed of work.

Some models of laser printers use a built-in processor to improve print quality. So, in the new models of Epson, Ritech and Enhanced Microgray technologies are used. The first technology allows you to get rid of the step in the image of inclined and curves of lines. The second ENHANCED Microgray technology improves the print quality of halftone images.

In addition to standard features, there may be additional, for example, simultaneous printing on two sides of the sheet, a sample of multiple trays, a layout of paper into different pockets. ( Pocket - Place where paper sheets fold). In some laser printers, the drum and a toner cartridge are combined in one block (Hewlett Packard), and are located separately.

Some printers can be used as network. In this case, they must provide a network interface or connected to the print server block (print server) using a parallel cable. As a rule, due to the fact that they use them, they must have increased print speed and an increased settlement load. If the printer is used as a network, then it can also have a hard disk. Along with the printers, diskettes with drivers (old for installation in DOS, Windows 3.1, Windows 95, new - Windows 98, Windows Me, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7) and new types of fonts are supplied.

As already mentioned, the laser printer on the principle of operation is similar to photocopy machine. There is also a toner cartridge and a drum, the same image transfer principles. From time to time the cartridge and the drum must be replaced. In more complex devices, the cartridge and the drum are independent components and are located in different enclosures, but are usually located in one cartridge. The period of operation of the toner cartridge depends on the amount of powder. When it ends, the seal becomes pale; As a rule, the pale strips are visible first on the sheet of paper, which are moving into white stripes through several bred sheets. When this happens, this is the first sign that the toner end. However, there is some toner stock, and several tens of pages can still be printed. To do this, remove the cartridge and, holding it horizontally, shake it right away from left to right, then set to the printer again. The powder that remained in the cartridge will distribute it more evenly. After the lanes again occurred when printing, this procedure should be repeated, but the number of sheets that will be normally printed sharply decreases until the toner is completely over. Note that the cause of bad printing in certain areas of the sheet (usually rounded form) can be increased roughness or humidity of the sheet.

If a very high-quality printing is required, then you buy a new cartridge, however, in practice, the cartridge is more often reassets toner. You can do it in the workshop or causing a specialist at home (in place of work), and the cost of work is rather low. Experts say the cartridge can be used for two or three refills, but it is used longer. It all depends on the required print quality and quality of paper. If the paper on which the seal was made was poorly, the drum may be faster. On most laser printers, the cartridge and the drum are combined into one block, so when the drum fails, you need to change the cartridge. If vertical black stripes appear on the sheet, then the drum is most likely damaged. In this case, you need a new cartridge. Sometimes for a while you can remove these strips if the drum is witching. After refueling, the toner can also appear on paper dark points, which when printing will disappear with time, and the better the refueling was made, the less dark points. Colored printers have 4 cartridges, one for black cartridge, three - for basic colors.

The advantage of laser printers are: high print speed; The durability of the print on a sheet of paper that does not fade and does not blur with water; a large resource of the printer itself and cartridges; low cost of one imprint; Printing on any type of paper and low noise level.

Each laser printer pictures Pictures

There are other types of printers. One of them is thermal. Thermal printer (The hardening printer) melts solid ink and then spray them through the nozzle. Another type of thermal printers is based on a tape, which, when contacting the paper, heated separate point areas and are applied on paper. Or the basis on which they are applied, heated, with the help of electrical discharges, heating wires, lasers, etc., the image is applied on paper. The thermal printer transfers the wax-based dye and is distinguished by high print quality.

Sublimation printers carry the dye without a wax basis and also differ in high print quality. In sublimation printers, the tape with the dye heats up, while the dye goes into a gaseous state and deposits on paper. An important feature is that the tape is heated unevenly, with a different amount of substance fall on the page. This allows you to apply the color of the image with different degrees of brightness, while other printers cannot, since it is displayed either a color image or its absence. The cost of thermal printers is quite high and they have not yet been widespread.

String printers.

Such printers were used on large computers. Constructively they can be different types. For example, before each position of the line, there is a vertical strip with characters on it. When the desired character is located near the paper, then the hammer is hit via the copying tape and the image of the symbol is applied. There may be another option when the tape with the symbols is horizontal and is located along the entire row. When the desired symbol passes near the position where it should be printed, then it hits the hammer. Symbols can be shifted on the sheet in horizontal or vertical direction, depending on the type of printer.

The printer can receive information from the computer several types: either it is textual information, i.e. one byte on the symbol (symbolic information), or raster imageto be printed (in graphic). It is about the same way as it happens on the display screen, but in other formats and with greater resolution, since the number of dots on an inch that prints the printer is greater than on the display screen. Computers that receive symbolic information have a strictly defined number of fonts installed in the printer (symbolic, needle). For needle printers, it is possible to work not only with symbolic transmission, but also in graphical mode. At the same time, they can print symbols of different designs using vector fonts.

Photo printer.

So called printers with different principles of work, but combined printing the image of a better photographic quality. The main difference between these printers from the remaining graphical information conclusions - the presence of additional cartridges with colors required to achieve the most high Quality Print. Among the photo printers there are such models that allow typing pictures directly from memory cards of different formats.

General remarks

To work with the laser printer used special languagedeveloped by Hewlett-Packard and called PCL. Adobe has introduced another language called PostScript.which is universal to describe the displayed text and has great print capabilities. However, due to the high prices, it did not acquire greater distribution, although it is used in printing systems. Currently, the PCL language is equipped with most computers, and the postScript language is mostly computers of the MAS series.

These languages \u200b\u200brequire large resources to work on the presentation of character information in graphical form, so not to load a central processor, autonomous processors are installed in printers specifically to process page images. In order to reduce the number of data sent, they are packaged, and then the printer processor unpacks them. To store a large amount of data in the printer there are its own rAM And the expansion slot where you can install additional memory. When printing a small amount of information, there is usually enough standard set, however, with a significant amount, especially the drawings, it is desirable to increase the amount of memory. Printers with a built-in processor are usually called intelligent page printers.

Each laser printer pictures PicturesThat is, forms the entire page entirely, after which it starts to print it. Previously, when the memory was quite expensive, the printer output some part of the page, then formed the next part and so on until the paper sheet printed. But now, with quite cheap memory, the information is displayed at once with whole sheets.

In addition to this type of printers, there are very old, which do not have a built-in processor and memory, giving calculations by the central processor, but they occupy the processor time and require several memory megabytes on the hard disk, which is of course uncomfortable.

One of the main problems of color printing is formal compliance Images on the display display, which is displayed on the printer. If you output the same image on different models Inkjet printer, they will be slightly different from each other by color shades. However, you can get closer to the true image by adjusting the special configuration filewhere the characteristics of the level of printed colors are contained.

The minimum point that can be printed is called palomThis is the same as the pixel at the monitors. For black and white printers, it contains the value of white and black colors, and some can have grades of gray. The figure below shows the seal of the symbol on the matrix printer.

Fontscan be divided into several classes:

Monoshrift (Modern), having the same width for each symbol. This type of font is actively used to display characters in the DOS system, the example is the Courier font;

No sneakers ( SWISS) It has a variable width, that is, different characters can have different widths and have no serifs at the ends of the characters. This paragraph is dialed Arial which refers to this type of fonts;

With sneakers (ROMAN) has a variable width and serif, that is, additional segments at the ends of the symbol lines. This paragraph is dialed by Times New Roman font, which refers to this class;

Handwritten (script), in which the characters are typed as written by hand;

Decorative (decorative), in which there are additional characters, such as notes, mathematical signs (sums, sets of sets, integrals, etc.), arrows, astrological signs, etc. Example is WingDings.

As you know, fonts are divided into raster with expansion. Fon and vector. For vector fonts, it is not necessary to store different modifications of the font with different sizes, bold, inclined, underlined, crossed, since these modifications are usually calculated based on a single description. For such files there is an extension. TTF and may exist another file with the name.fot.

Comments. Inkjet printers are capable of printing on a transparent film, which can then be used for projection devices.

If the printing mode in the Word editor does not function, then maybe in the main window simply no document. You can exit the editor and log in again, check the availability of a driver for the printer.

If problems are issued with the printer, try to exit the Windows 9X system, boot and try to download the printer driver again. Before downloading you need to remove old driver Mode My Computer (2) → Printers (2) → Printer Name (2) → Delete and download a new one, as mentioned earlier.

If the printer does not work after installation, then may occur when using the accelerated ECR or ERR mode. In this case, you need to try moving to the Normal mode in BIOS.

Additional functions printers.

In order to improve the quality of the displayed image, many manufacturers began to add new technologies to their products. To adapt to the type of Paper used by HP and Lexmark installed a special sensor in the form of a laser and two SVDs in front of the printed head. Now before printing on the reflected and scattered beam, the driver defines the paper characteristics and takes into account this when selecting dyes and print parameters (the so-called "cartridges").

By the way, it is this built-in sensor that allows you to apply another technology used by HP, in which the pictures are first printed on a separate sheet, and tickles are put next to successful options. Next, the device recognizes such ticks and automatically prints the marked drawings. To fulfill this task, Epson uses its multifunction device (MFP), where the trial leaf passes through the scanner.

The same sensor is used to determine the presence of a sheet in the printer and the following. In the devices of other companies, for example, Canon this feature allows you to perform a relay type unit, where the presence of a document is identified with the opening of the contacts.

There are also systems to eliminate the capture of more than one sheet or its jam. In Lexmark devices, technology is used in which the tray is applied to the probe with great friction until the friction threshold is exceeded. Then the leaf stops the rollers and then fed to print. The same thing happens with the next sheet.

Much is done to manipulate the supplied materials. Separate trays are used for different types of paper, for example, for office and separately - for photographic paper. Some devices can print on laser disks, for which there are special trays. Other printers produce a printout of an image on paper rolls, followed by automatic sharp on the pictures of a particular format, for example, A6 - 10x15 centimeters. Most printers can be typing "to the edge", that is, without fields. For this, they have special limiting rollers.

The design of the modern inkjet printer cartridges themselves is such that the print head and ink tank are separated and therefore the cost of consumables is reduced. Separate cartridges are used by famous companies such as HP, Canon and Epson, on the LEXMARK queue. In such cartridges, all the containers are separated by colors, because if one dye ran out, there is no need to throw out the rest.

Most printers use a software method for determining the amount of the remaining dye, when the residue of ink is calculated by the number of copies performed. Mechanical sensors are used, which, by reflection of the light beam, determine the presence of paint. If it is not, then the driver calculates the volume of the balance and the command is issued to record existing inks. When changing the cartridge, information information may be saved.In addition, many users have learned to refuel the cartridges separately purchased ink, which significantly reduces costs.

Recently, a continuous ink supply (SNPH) systems appeared on sale, allowing you to constantly fill in ink cartridges through flexible tubes (usually silicone) from special containers. This allows you to save on consumables in tens and hundreds of times compared with the replacement of standard cartridges.

Among modern models, almost everyone has the ability to print from memory cards without computer participation. The exception is LEXMARK, the devices of which can read flash cards, but in the presence of a computer.

More and more wireless technologies are implemented, in particular, through the prospective Bluetooth interface.

Printer cleaning.

Needle printer. To clean it, it is necessary to remove the cartridge and clean the guide on which the head goes. Then clean it. To do this, remove the painting tape and moisten it with a special aerosol or a wand with a rich alcohol. After about a minute, turn on the computer to print any information on a clean sheet of paper. As soon as traces of paint cease to remain on the sheet, the process of cleaning the head is finished. Note that it is necessary to clean and open the printer when the power supply is turned off.

Jet printer. If there is a built-in cleaning system, then the additional cleaning is not required, in the other case, to prevent the blockage of capillaries, dry ink is recommended to place the ink tank into a sealed case during printer downtime. If the heads were blocked, then they can be cleaned, pinned the heap of alcohol to the head, wait 1-2 minutes and shake the drops, then check the operation of the heads.

Laser printer Very unpretentious in service. You need to clean only those places that are specified in the documentation. From time to time it is necessary to replace the filter if it is contaminated. Inside you need to remove particles of paper, dust using the air supercharged. If there is a scattered toner, then remove it with a wet wtop. You can also remove the toner with a slight damp cloth, however, the rag should not be a durable. Use the printer documentation in order to clean it.

Connect printer.

To connect the printer, you need to connect two wires, one network, the second - information that connects to the parallel port of the back of the system unit. The cable length should not be large, preferably up to two meters, since with such a transmission (parallel channel) the signals are faded. Usually, when buying a printer to it, this wire is not included, so it must be purchased separately.

After connecting the wires, turn on the power button, the indicator should turn around. It is advisable to run a test that works regardless of the connection with the computer. So you can check the work of the printer itself. Next, enable your computer and install the printer drivers, then try typing any text.

There are models of printers that transmit data using infrared radiation. Naturally, such printers do not use wires to connect to a computer. The computer also should be able to transmit information with infrared radiation. There are printers that are connected to a sequential port, and not parallel, but they rarely occur quite and slowly transmit data.

If the text is not printed, then check:

1. Whether the operation indicator is lit, then connect the wires to the system unit - maybe they are poorly inserted. Whether the paper is refilled into the printer, maybe she jammed whether there is a paper in the tray. If everything is fine, then type text from another program;

2. Try to disable the printer from the network and connect it again. In this case, all parameters will return to the initial state. The matrix printers, the drivers of which are downloaded when turned on, the printer needs a new boot of drivers. After that, you need to try again to print the text;

3. On the printer disconnected from the computer, try printing the test page to check whether the printer works. If so, then make sure that there are documents that are prepared for printing. Next, you can exit the Windows 9X system, download it again and try printing the desired text. As always, check all the connectors, since it is possible a bad connection.

Installation.You can install multiple printers in the computer. In this case, there may be different options. If there are two or more printers, drivers are installed for all of them, then one is selected one to use in print mode. You can see and select the necessary you can in the list of printers for editor Word. (File → Print → Name), they both must be there. By connecting the cable of the corresponding printer and pointing it to the "Name" field, you can print pages with text on it. Turning it off and connecting another printer, printing a document, changing its name (file → Print → Name). But constantly connect and disable the printer from the parallel port from behind the system unit is not very convenient, especially since the cable connection must occur when the computer is turned off. Therefore, there is a special block (splitter), which using a switch (some - programmatically) provides an output to the appropriate printer.

For installation, drivers supplied with the printer are commonly used. The manual for it indicates how to install the printer. If there is no manual, programs are launched from a floppy disk, where you need to find a directory with the name Windows, Windows 9x, Win9x or similar, or take a diskette on which there is an inscription that it is used to work with the Windows 9X system, and find the file with the name Install .exe, setup .exe or similar to these names program, after which it is run using mode: Start → Run → Review, etc.

Usually, together with the drivers, additional features are provided, such as new types of fonts, test programs, tuning programs, etc. If there are no drivers diskettes, you should select the desired driver from the list in the Windows system. Many laser printers are compatible with Hewlett -Packard models, and matrix with IBM and Epson models. During the installation dialog mode, the user will be given the opportunity to produce a test print, which should not be neglected. Upon completion of the work in the "Printers" mode window, the name of the new device will appear.

In the 90s, many laser printers were compatible with Hewlett -Packard models, and matrix with IBM and Epson models. During the installation dialog mode, the user will be given the opportunity to produce a test print, which should not be neglected. Upon completion of the work in the "Printers" mode window, the name of the new device will appear.

Some printers can require the installation floppy disk after the first connection. At the same time, connecting the cable, as it should be, is performed when the computer is turned off. After enabling the computer, the operating system will detect the presence of a new device and ask you to install a disk with the software. In this case, you do not need to enter the Start mode → Run → Review.

For printer settingsand you can use the mode: My computer (2) → Printers (2) → Printer Name (Right Button) → Properties. At the same time, a window appears on the screen with the printer characteristics, which are described in the chapter 1x.

For suspend printing You need to press: My computer (2) → Printers (2) → Printer Name (right button) → Suspend printing. To renew printing, you need to reuse the same mode.

Removing documents from the queue Printing occurs with the mode: My computer (2) → Printers (2) → Printer Name (2), where in the window that appears, you need to find the desired document and drag to the basket. In this window, you can, dragging documents from place to place, change the order of their print.

If a printing is slowYou can defragment files on the hard disk, delete unnecessary files from the disk, as it is not enough space for intermediate files. In addition, it is better to replace the driver more new. You can turn off the File mode → Print → Disassemble through copies, install the draft print mode and try to change the printer settings, for example, to output text in the laser printer to set 300x300 points, sketch printing, etc.

Exploitation.

Laser printers can be very hot, so when you work, do not cover the printer, and after switching off, close the matter. If the printer does not use a long time, then the dust can be accumulated inside the device and when printing the first sheet it will be dirt. If the printer printed normally, but began to clutch, you can turn off the printer (sometimes with the computer) from the power grid and turn on again.

Sometimes when the printer is working at the output, two appears instead of one sheet. To increase the ability to print on one sheet, before installing the packs of sheets, override them one by one so that there are no flocking sheets, and try print. Another reason for such a malfunction can be non-standard paper, for example, low density. Some cartridges have a sticky tape that you need to remove before installation. If the printer prints incomprehensible characters, then check the settings and type of font, which is seal. Maybe the font does not contain Russian characters.

Try not to print labels containing glue, since the label can stick inside the printer and deliver a lot of inconvenience. In general, it is best to print on pure paper that does not contain other substances.

If the printer often fasses the paper, then open it and remove the pieces of paper stuck there. Sometimes in the printer, the printed sheet of paper remains not until the end and the fault indicator begins to burn. In this case, you need to remove this sheet. Carefully, holding two hands behind the corner of the paper, pull the sheet of paper. If the sheet of paper is completely in the printer, you need to open the printer lids and remove the cartridge, after which the paper sheet is easily removed. On a sheet of paper can be looped toner, which can be swap clothing. In this case, it is better to rinse it with cold water, as hot water can fasten the toner on the clothes. The reason for frequent paper friction can be non-standard paper, as well as a large number of sheets in the input tray. In addition, it is not recommended to put paper of different types in the input tray. First, it is better to put the paper of the same type, and when it ran out, the other. If paper is taking, then it may be wet.

If horizontal lines are printed, toner is toner, there are text drops, vertical lines appear, toner lubricant, the letters of incorrect shape, a tilt or bending of pages, etc., then check the paper type. Try to replace it with another type. For some defects, you can print a few pure pages until the defect disappears. You can also reinstall the cartridge, and during reinstall it is desirable to clean the inside of the printer from the toner scattered.

It is not desirable to use for printing forms on which there is an image applied by low-temperature paints with convex printing or chopping. It is not advisable to open a pack of paper in advance. If in the room is raw, the paper will moisturize, and if it is too dry, then I will lose moisture. In any case, problems may arise when printing. Similarly, it is desirable to print the cartridge immediately before it is installed. For his proper work Do not hold the cartridge in the light of more than a few minutes. If you need to move, then cover it with sheets of paper or dense matter. Do not touch your fingers to the drum, otherwise fat can stay on it.

If you have two computers and one printer or one computer and two printers, you can purchase a special device that allows you to adjust from which computer or what printer to output data. There are devices (switching blocks) that contain two inputs from two computers and one output to the printer or one input from the computer and two outputs to printers. They either have a switch that installs, from which computer will be seal, or determines independently, in which sequence to print.

If the printer does not work, then you need to check its connection to the network, whether the light is lit, there is a paper, a test, switching device, printing from other programs. Laser printers can not be closed during operation, as it can overheat, but after the shutdown it is better to cover it, because otherwise the dust accumulates there. Before installing the cartridge, it must be slightly shake in the horizontal plane.

If incomprehensible characters are printed, most likely the case in the software. You need to check the printer driver, font type (raster). Used paper can be reused as drafts, for which turn it over. If nothing is printed, then maybe not the same type of driver is installed, then try reinstalling another printer if several are connected to one computer.

If paper is constantly frozen, then clean the printer. In addition, divide the sheets of paper among themselves. To do this, take a bundle and quickly scroll through it. If sticky stickers were printed, then one of them could stay inside the printer.

To print in the PostScript standard, it is better to buy a special cartridge and install it in a printer or use a special program that converts to this type of font. Laser printers isolated ozone and equipped with special ozone filters. Over time, to reduce the selection of ozone, it is better to change them.

If the printer connects to a large distance, use an active extension, which is two blocks between which pass telephone wires with RJ. connectors. They require power supply, so connected to network adapters 9 volts. There are also converters from a serial port of one computer to a parallel port of another computer.

There are special cables. For example, if system unit It is at the wall, then there is a connector that displays a cable perpendicular to the connector (Right angle). When using extension cables, you need to keep in mind that one cable is 5 meters better than two 2.5 meters due to the fact that it has fewer compounds and therefore more reliable in operation.

Widescreen colored printers, printing large posters, signboards, but the cost is great for now. There are consoles that derive an image for slide films.